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247 results for “relatedness”
Data from: Natal philopatry increases relatedness within groups of coral reef cardinalfish
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>A central issue in evolutionary ecology is how patterns of dispersal influence patterns of relatedness in populations. In terrestrial organisms, limited dispersal of offspring leads to groups of related individuals. In contrast, for most marine organisms, larval dispersal in open waters is thought to minimise kin associations within populations. However, recent molecular evidence and theoretical approaches have shown that limited dispersal, sibling cohesion, and/or differential reproductive success can lead to kin-association and elevated relatedness. Here, we tested the hypothesis that limited dispersal explains small-scale patterns of relatedness in the pajama cardinalfish <i>Sphaeramia nematoptera</i>. We used 19 microsatellite markers to assess parentage of 233 juveniles and pairwise relatedness among 527 individuals from 41 groups in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea. Our findings support three predictions of the limited dispersal hypothesis: 1) Elevated relatedness within groups, compared to among groups, and elevated relatedness within reefs compared to among reefs; 2) A weak negative correlation of relatedness with distance; 3) More juveniles than would be expected by chance in the same group and the same reef as their parents. We provide the first example for natal philopatry at the group level causing small-scale patterns of genetic relatedness in a marine fish. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Complex effects of helper relatedness on female extra-pair reproduction in a cooperative breeder
<p>In cooperatively-breeding species, the presence of male helpers in a group often reduces the breeding female's fidelity to her social partner, possibly because there is more than one potential sire in the group. Using a long-term study of cooperatively-breeding superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus) and records of paternity in 1936 broods, we show that the effect of helpers on rates of extra-pair paternity varied according to the helpers' relatedness to the breeding female. The presence of unrelated male helpers in a group increased average rates of extra-pair paternity, from 57% for groups with no unrelated helpers, to 74% with one unrelated helper, to 86% with 2+ unrelated helpers. However, this increase was due in equal part to helpers within the group and males in other groups achieving increased paternity. In contrast, helpers who were sons of the breeding female did not gain paternity, nor did they affect the level of extra-group paternity (which occurred at rates of 60%, 58%, 61% in the presence of 0, 1, 2+ helper-sons respectively). There was no evidence of effects of helpers' relatedness to the female on nest productivity or nestling performance. Because the presence of helpers per se did not elevate extra-pair reproduction rates, our results undermine the 'constrained female hypothesis' explanation for an increase in extra-pair paternity with helper number in cooperative breeders. However, they indicate that dominant males are disadvantaged by breeding in 'cooperative' groups. The reasons why the presence of unrelated helpers, but not of helper-sons, results in higher rates of extra-group reproduction are not clear.</p>
Staphylococcus aureus isolated from ruminants with mastitis in northern Greece dairy herds: genetic relatedness and phenotypic and genotypic characterization
<p>Figure S1: Dendrogram of SmaI PFGE pulsotypes (P) and characteristics of the 162 S. aureus isolates.</p>
Estimating the inbreeding level and genetic relatedness in an isolated population of critically endangered Sichuan taimen (Hucho bleekeri) using genome wide SNP markers
<p>Sichuan taimen (Hucho bleekeri) is critically endangered fish listed in The Red List of Threatened Species compiled by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Specific locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq)-based genotyping was performed for Sichuan taimen with 43 yearling individuals from 3 locations in Taibai River (a tributary of Yangtze River) that has been sequestered from its access to the ocean for more than 30 years since late 1980s. Applying the inbreeding level and genetic relatedness estimation using 15,396 genome wide SNP markers, we found that the inbreeding level of this whole isolated population was at a low level (average F=2.6×10-3±0.079), and the means of coancestry coefficients within and between the three sampling locations were all very low (close to 0), too. Genomic differentiation was negatively correlated with the geographical distances between the sampling locations (p < 0.001) and the 43 individuals could be considered as genetically independent two groups. The low levels of genomic inbreeding and relatedness indicated a relatively large number of sexually mature individuals were involved in reproduction in Taibai River. This study suggested a genomic-relatedness-guided breeding and conservation strategy for wild fish species without pedigree information records.</p>
Data from: Relatedness with plant species in native community influences ecological consequences of range expansions
Global warming is enabling many plant species to expand their range to higher latitudes and altitudes, where they may suffer less from natural aboveground and belowground enemies. Reduced control by natural enemies can enable climate warming-induced range expanders to get an advantage in competition with natives and become disproportionally abundant in their new range. However, so far studies have examined individual growth of range expanders, which have common congeneric plant species in their new range. Thus it is not known how general is this reduced effect of above- and belowground enemies and how it operates in communities, where multiple plant species also interact with each other. Here we show that range-expanding plant species with and without congenerics in the invaded habitats differ in their ecological interactions in the new range. In a community-level experiment, range-expanding plant species, both with and without congenerics, suppressed the growth of a herbivore. However, only range expanders without congenerics reduced biomass production of the native plant species. In the present study, range expanders without congenerics allocated more biomass aboveground compared to native plant species, which can explain their competitive advantage. Competitive interaction and also biomass allocation of native plants and their congeneric range expanders were similar. Our results highlight that information about species phylogenetic relatedness with native flora can be crucial for improving predictions about the consequences of climate warming-induced range expansions.
Modulating the assessment of semantic speech–gesture relatedness via transcranial direct current stimulation of the left frontal cortex
<p>Raw data related to the publication:</p> <p>Schülke, R., & <strong>Straube, B.</strong> (accepted). Modulating the assessment of semantic speech-gesture relatedness via transcranial direct current stimulation of the left frontal cortex. Brain Stimulation. DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.10.012.</p> <p> </p> <p>Statistical software: SPSS</p> <p>Variables:</p> <p>Subject<br> Stimulus<br> SessionNr<br> Stimulation<br> Localisation - frontal/parietal/frontoparietal<br> Polarisation - anode left/right<br> Relatedness - related/unrelated<br> Gesture_type - iconic/metaphoric<br> Reaction_time - in milliseconds<br> Rating - on a scale from 1-7</p>
Exploration and relatedness of potential and realised mating pairs in Tamias striatus
<p><span>Individual exploration types are based on the cognitive speed-accuracy trade-off, which suggests that higher speed of information acquisition is done by sacrificing information quality</span><span>. In a mating context, fast exploration could thus increase the probability of finding mates at the cost of mating with kin or suboptimal partners. We tested this hypothesis by studying male mate choice patterns in a species with a scramble competition mating system. We used genotyping, localisation by radio-collar, trapping, and repeated exploration measures from a long-term study on wild Eastern chipmunks (<em>Tamias</em> <em>striatus</em>). We predicted that, according to the speed-accuracy trade-off hypothesis, slower-thorough explorers should be choosier than faster-superficial ones, and thus avoid inbreeding. We found that slower males reproduced more often with less related females, but only on one site where variance in relatedness and female density were high. Males showed no preference for their mates' exploration type. Our results suggest that superficial exploration decreases male choosiness and increases the risk of inbreeding, but only under decreased mate search costs due to high variance in relatedness among mates (at high density). Our findings reveal exploration-related, among-individual variance in inbreeding, highlighting the complexity of mate choice, and showing that many aspects of an individual's life contribute to animal decision-making.</span></p>
Social association of monk parakeets in relation to proximity and relatedness
<p>Monk parakeets are social parrots that live in loose colonies, often building communal nests and breeding cooperatively. Relatives are clustered within nests and within colonies. Data was collected to test the hypothesis that social associations of monk parakeets when away from their nests (foraging, collecting nest material, etc) are driven by either the spatial proximity of their nests and/or by their relatedness. The dataset includes information on the identities of all birds that could potentially associate with a focal bird when away from their respective nests, an index of their association strength (calculated using the simple ratio index), the distance between their respective nests, the dyadic relatedness of the birds estimated using microsatellite genotypes, the number of times the two birds were seen together, and the total number of times the focal bird was observed. Data are separated into different files according to the year of data collection (2018 or 2019) to avoid pseudoreplication. Additional files exclude data from each year collected at a feeding station; these data files relate to a conservative anlaysis in case the supply of supplementary food affected social associations. An additional file contains data only for birds whose nests were in the same tree; this file was for an analysis of the effect of relatedness on social association while controlling for nest proximity. Finally, a file is also included that contains the 2018 as described above, but with dyads defined by sex (male-male, female-male or female-male). Each data file relates to a specific analysis in the paper. The conclusion is that monk parakeets do have specific social associations with conspecifics, and that these are infleuenced by nest proximity but not by genetic relatedness.</p>
Data from: Land-use intensity and relatedness to native plants promote exotic plant invasion in a tropical biodiversity hotspot
<p>Exotic plant invasions threaten biodiversity and are costly to farmers. Land use is a major pathway promoting the spread of exotic plant species; however, little is known about the processes underlying the success of exotic plants in tropical agricultural landscapes. Focussing on the heterogeneous smallholder landscapes of north-eastern Madagascar, we studied exotic plants of understorey communities across a land-use intensity gradient from unburned lands (old-growth forests, forest fragments, and forest-derived vanilla agroforests) to burned ones (fallow-derived vanilla agroforests, woody fallows, and herbaceous fallows). </p> <p>We quantified the absolute species richness, abundance, and cover of exotic plants across land-use types and their proportional contribution to community richness, abundance, and cover as indicators of exotic plant invasion. We tested for the effects of land-use parameters, namely land-use history, canopy closure, and landscape-level forest cover, on exotic plants. Additionally, we tested whether the phylogenetic relatedness between exotic and native species in the same plot affected invasion success, testing Darwin's naturalization and pre-adaptation hypotheses. </p> <p>All indicators of exotic plant invasion were lowest in old-growth forests and forest fragments and highest in fallow-derived vanilla agroforests, woody fallows, and herbaceous fallows. Absolute and proportional exotic richness was negatively affected by canopy closure, and landscapes with high forest cover had lower proportions of exotic plant richness. High phylogenetic relatedness between exotics and natives was associated with lower proportional richness but higher proportions of exotics in abundance and cover. However, individual exotic species showed contrasting responses to land-use parameters and relatedness to natives.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Our results indicate that maintaining unburned lands, land-use types with dense canopies, and landscapes with high forest cover prevents the spread of exotic plants within agricultural landscapes of north-eastern Madagascar. Supporting Darwin's pre-adaptation hypothesis, exotic plants phylogenetically closely related to native plants are more likely to become successful invaders in terms of abundance and cover. Nevertheless, individual species show different responses to land-use changes and phylogenetic relatedness. Therefore, land-use decisions and management choices can be tailored to limit the spread of exotic species and to preserve native plants in this global biodiversity hotspot.</p>
Data belonging to: Decreasing relatedness among mycorrhizal fungi in a shared plant network increases fungal network size but not plant benefit
<p>Dataset beloning to the publication: "Decreasing relatedness among mycorrhizal fungi in a shared plant network increases fungal network size but not plant benefit" in Ecology letters (2021). R script used to analyse the data in the .csv files</p>
DURel: Diachronic Usage Relatedness
<p>This data collection contains diachronic semantic relatedness judgments for German word usage pairs. Find a description of the data format, code to process the data and further datasets on the <a href="https://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/data/wugs">WUGsite</a>.</p> <p>Please find more information on the provided data in the paper referenced below.</p> <p>See previous versions for additional plots, tables and testsets.</p> <p>Version: 3.0.0, 15.12.2021.</p> <p><strong>Reference</strong></p> <p>Dominik Schlechtweg, Sabine Schulte im Walde, Stefanie Eckmann. 2018. <a href="https://aclanthology.org/N18-2027/">Diachronic Usage Relatedness (DURel): A Framework for the Annotation of Lexical Semantic Change</a>. In Proceedings of the Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL HLT). New Orleans, Louisiana USA.</p>
No evidence that relatedness or familiarity modulate male harm in Drosophila melanogaster flies from a wild population
<p>Sexual selection frequently promotes the evolution of aggressive behaviours that help males compete against their rivals, but which may harm females and hamper their fitness. Kin selection theory predicts that optimal male-male competition levels can be reduced when competitors are more genetically related to each other than to the population average, contributing to resolve this sexual conflict. Work in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> has spearheaded empirical tests of this idea, but studies so far have been conducted in lab-adapted populations in homogeneous rearing environments that may hamper kin recognition, and used highly skewed sex ratios that may fail to reflect average natural conditions. Here, we performed a fully factorial design with the aim of exploring how rearing environment (i.e. familiarity) and relatedness affect male-male aggression, male harassment, and overall male harm levels in flies from a wild population of <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, under more natural conditions. Namely, we: a) manipulated relatedness and familiarity so that larvae reared apart were raised in different environments, as is common in the wild, and b) studied the effects of relatedness and familiarity under average levels of male-male competition in the field. We show that, contrary to previous findings, groups of unrelated-unfamiliar males were as likely to fight with each other and harass females than related-familiar males, and that overall levels of male harm to females were similar across treatments. Our results suggest that the role of kin selection in modulating sexual conflict is yet unclear in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, and call for further studies that focus on natural populations and realistic socio-sexual and ecological environments.</p>
Comparing genome-based estimates of relatedness for use in pedigree-based conservation management
<p>Researchers have long debated which estimator of relatedness best captures the degree of relationship between two individuals. In the genomics era, this debate continues, with relatedness estimates being sensitive to the methods used to generate markers, marker quality, and levels of diversity in sampled individuals. Here, we compare six commonly used genome-based relatedness estimators (kinship genetic distance (KGD), Wang Maximum Likelihood (TrioML), Queller and Goodnight (Rxy), Kinship INference for Genome-wide association studies (KING-robust), and Pairwise Relatedness (RAB), allele-sharing co-ancestry (AS)) across five species bred in captivity–including three birds and two mammals–with varying degrees of reliable pedigree data, using reduced-representation and whole genome resequencing data. Genome-based relatedness estimates varied widely across estimators, sequencing methods, and species, yet the most consistent results for known first order relationships were found using Rxy, RAB, and AS. However, AS was found to be less consistently correlated with known pedigree relatedness than either Rxy or RAB. Our combined results indicate there is not a single genome-based estimator that is ideal across different species and data types. To determine the most appropriate genome-based relatedness estimator for each new dataset, we recommend assessing the relative: (1) correlation of candidate estimators with known relationships in the pedigree and (2) precision of candidate estimators with known first-order relationships. These recommendations are broadly applicable to conservation breeding programs, particularly where genome-based estimates of relatedness can complement and complete poorly pedigreed populations. Given a growing interest in the application of wild pedigrees, our results are also applicable to in-situ wildlife management.</p>
European badger (Meles meles) responses to low-intensity, selective culling: using mark recapture and relatedness data to assess social perturbation
<p>Culling the main wildlife host of bovine tuberculosis in Great Britain (GB) and Ireland, the European badger (Meles meles) to reduce infections in cattle, has been employed in both territories. In GB, this has been controversial, with results suggesting that culling induces disturbance to badger social structure, facilitating wider disease dissemination. Previous analyses hypothesized that even very low-level, selective culling may cause similar deleterious effects by increasing ranging of individuals and greater mixing between social-groups. To assess this hypothesis, a novel, prospective, landscape-scale 'before-and-after' Test and vaccinate or remove (TVR) study was implemented. Test-positive badgers were culled and test-negative badgers were BCG vaccinated and released. Mark-recapture metrics of badger ranging and genetic metrics of social group relatedness did not change significantly over the study period. However, selective culling was associated with a localised reduction in social-group relatedness in culled groups. Synthesis and application: Ecological context is important; extrapolation across territories and other disease epidemiological-systems (epi-systems) is likely to be challenging. However, we demonstrate that small-scale, selective removal of test-positive badgers was not associated with metrics of increased ranging but was associated with localised changes in social-group relatedness. This adds to the evidence base on badger control options for policy makers.</p>
Fig. 2. A in A preliminary study of genetic structure and relatedness analysis of Nutria (Myocastor coypus) in Upo Wetland
Fig. 2. A bar plot representing the estimated membership coefficients of nutria individuals (K=2).
Fig. 1 in A preliminary study of genetic structure and relatedness analysis of Nutria (Myocastor coypus) in Upo Wetland
Fig. 1. Maps denoting Upo Wetland where nutrias were collected.
Relatedness modulates density-dependent cannibalism rates in Drosophila
<p>1. Cannibalism is taxonomically widespread, and can have large impacts on individual fitness and population-level processes. As such, identifying how cannibalism rates vary in response to ecological cues is important for predicting species evolution and population dynamics.</p> <p>2. In this study, we aimed to identify several eco-evolutionary factors that affect cannibalism rate and measure how they interacted with one another.</p> <p>3. To do this, we conducted two experiments using complimentary methods to measure how cannibalism rates varied among larval Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans in response to changes in conspecific relatedness, social familiarity and density.</p> <p>4. We found that larvae were more likely to cannibalise non-related larval victims in both species, and that this effect increased at high densities in D. simulans. We found no evidence that Drosophila larvae use social familiarity to assess relatedness. Finally, in D. melanogaster, cannibalistic larvae prefer to cannibalise larvae that are being attacked by a greater number of conspecifics, implying that cues linked to conspecific abundance encourage cooperative cannibalism.</p> <p>5. By showing that cannibalism frequency in Drosophila spp. is sensitive to relatedness and several other factors, we reveal the complex relationship between cannibalism frequency and species ecology. Also, by showing that the effect of relatedness on cannibalism frequency is density-dependent, we advance the current understanding of how ecological variables interact to affect kin selection.</p> <p>ANALYSIS CODE IS WRITTEN IN R.</p>
Data for: Fitness costs of female competition linked to resource defence and relatedness of competitors
<p>Female reproductive success is often limited by access to resources and this can lead to social competition both within and between kin groups. Theory predicts that both resource availability and relatedness should influence the fitness consequences of social competition. However, testing key predictions requires differentiating the effects of these two factors. <span>Here we achieve this experimentally by manipulating the social environment of house mice, a facultative communal breeding species with known kin discrimination ability. </span>Our results support the hypothesis that resource defence can be costly for females, potentially trading off against maternal investment. When competition for nest sites was more intense, subjects: 1) were more active during resting phases, 2) responded more strongly to simulated territory intrusions via competitive signalling, and 3) produced smaller weaned offspring. However, we found no evidence that the propensity for kin to cooperate was influenced by relatedness of rivals. Communal breeding between sisters occurred independently of the relatedness of competitors, and costs of competition with non-kin were not mitigated by greater inclusive fitness benefits. Rather, communally breeding sisters weaned fewer offspring when competing with unrelated females, indicating that competition with non-kin is more costly overall. Our findings thus demonstrate that social competition has fitness costs and that associating with kin is beneficial to avoid negative fitness consequences of competing with non-kin, in addition to more widely recognised kin-selected benefits.</p>
What Makes Sentences Semantically Related? A Textual Relatedness Dataset and Empirical Study
<p><strong>What Makes Sentences Semantically Related? A Textual Relatedness Dataset and Empirical Study </strong></p> <p>This repository contains data and code for the paper <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.04845">What Makes Sentences Semantically Related: A Textual Relatedness Dataset and Empirical Study</a>.</p> <p>We hope that this work will spur further research on understanding sentence--sentence relatedness, methods of sentence representation, measures of semantic relatedness, and their applications.</p> <p><strong>Citing our work</strong><br> Please use the following BibTex entry to cite us if you use our dataset or any of the associated analyses:</p> <blockquote>@inproceedings{abdalla2023makes,<br> title={What Makes Sentences Semantically Related: A Textual Relatedness Dataset and Empirical Study},<br> author={Abdalla, Mohamed and Vishnubhotla, Krishnapriya and Mohammad, Saif M.},<br> year={2023},<br> address = {Dubrovnik, Croatia},<br> publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",<br> booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Main Volume"<br> }</blockquote> <p><strong>Dataset Description</strong></p> <p>The dataset consists of 5500 English sentence pairs that are scored and ranked on a relatedness scale ranging from 0 (least related) to 1 (most related).</p> <p><strong>Why Semantic Relatedness?</strong><br> Closeness of meaning can be of two kinds: semantic relatedness and semantic similarity. Two sentences are considered semantically similar when they have a paraphrasal or entailment relation, whereas relatedness accounts for all of the commonalities that can exist between two sentences. Semantic relatedness is central to textual coherence and narrative structure. Automatically determining semantic relatedness has many applications such as question answering, plagiarism detection, text generation (say in personal assistants and chat bots), and summarization.</p> <p>Prior NLP work has focused on semantic similarity (a small subset of semantic relatedness), largely because of a dearth of datasets. In this paper, we present the first manually annotated dataset of sentence--sentence semantic relatedness. It includes fine-grained scores of relatedness from 0 (least related) to 1 (most related) for 5,500 English sentence pairs. The sentences are taken from diverse sources and thus also have diverse sentence structures, varying amounts of lexical overlap, and varying formality.</p> <p><strong>Comparative Annotations and Best-Worst Scaling</strong><br> Most existing sentence-sentence similarity datasets were annotated, one item at a time, using coarse rating labels such as integer values between 1 and 5 @ representing coarse degrees of closeness. It is well documented that such approaches suffer from inter- and intra-annotator inconsistency, scale region bias, and issues arising due to the fixed granularity.</p> <p>The relatedness scores for our dataset were, instead, obtained using a <em>comparative</em> annotation schema. In comparative annotations, two (or more) items are presented together and the annotator has to determine which is greater with respect to the metric of interest.</p> <p>Specifically, we use Best-Worst Scaling, a comparative annotation method}, which has been shown to produce reliable scores with fewer annotations in other NLP tasks. We use scripts from https://saifmohammad.com/WebPages/BestWorst.html to obtain relatedness scores from our annotations.</p> <p><br> <strong>Loading the Dataset</strong><br> - The sentence pairs, and associated scores, are in the file sem_text_rel_ranked.csv in the root directory. The CSV file can be read using:</p> <pre><code class="language-python">python import pandas as pd str = pd.read_csv('sem_text_rel_ranked.csv') row = str.loc[0] sent1, sent2 = row['Text'].split("\n") score = row['Score']</code></pre> <p>- Relevant columns:</p> <p> - Text: Sentence pair, separated by the newline character.<br> - Score: The semantic relatedness score between 0 and 1.</p> <p>- Additionally:<br> - the SourceID column indicates the source dataset from which the sentence pair was drawn (see Table 2 of our paper)<br> - The SubsetID column indicates the sampling strategy used for the source dataset<br> - and the PairID is a unique identifier for each pair that also indicates its Source and Subset.</p> <p><br> <strong>Raw Annotations from Amazon Mechanical Turk</strong></p> <p>- The `mturk_data/` subdirectory provides the raw MTurk annotations obtained with our comparative annotation setup.<br> - Each row of `mturk_data/bws_annotations.csv` consists of four sentence pairs along with human annotations for the most related (column `BestItem`) and the least related (column `WorstItem`) pair.<br> - File `mturk_data/id2sents.csv` pairs each sentence pair with the corresponding SourceID, SubsetID, and PairID that indicates the source dataset (see Table 2 of our paper).<br> - See file `mturk_data/task_intructions.txt` for the instructions provided to annotators for our task.</p> <p><br> <strong>Datasheet for STR-2022</strong><br> The datasheet for our dataset is in the document `STR2022-datastatement.pdf` in the root folder of this repository.</p> <p><strong>Ethics Statement</strong><br> Any dataset of semantic relatedness entails several ethical considerations. We talk about this in Section 8 of our paper.</p> <p><strong>Creators</strong><br> - <a href="https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~msa/index.html">Mohamed Abdalla</a> (University of Toronto)<br> - <a href="https://priya22.github.io/">Krishnapriya Vishnubhotla</a> (University of Toronto)<br> - <a href="http://saifmohammad.com/">Saif M. Mohammad</a> (National Research Council Canada)</p> <p><strong>Contact:</strong> msa@cs.toronto.edu, vkpriya@cs.toronto.edu, saif.mohammad@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca</p> <p> </p>
Data for: Kinship, dear enemies, and costly combat: The effects of relatedness on territorial overlap and aggression in a cooperative breeder
<p>Many species maintain territories, but the degree of overlap between territories and the level of aggression displayed in territorial conflicts can vary widely, even within species. Greater territorial overlap may occur when neighbouring territory holders are close relatives. Animals may also differentiate neighbours from strangers, with more-familiar neighbours eliciting less-aggressive responses during territorial conflicts (the "dear enemy" effect). However, research is lacking on how both kinship and overlap affect territorial conflicts, especially in group-living species.</p> <p>Here we investigate kinship, territorial overlap, and territorial conflict in a habituated wild population of group-living cooperatively breeding birds, the southern pied babbler <em>Turdoides bicolor</em>. We find that close kin neighbours are beneficial. Territories overlap more when neighbouring groups are close kin, and these larger overlaps with kin confer larger territories (an effect not seen for overlaps with unrelated groups). Overall, territorial conflict is costly, causing significant decreases in body mass, but conflicts with kin are shorter than those conducted with non-kin. Conflicts with more-familiar unrelated neighbours are also shorter, indicating these neighbours are "dear enemies". However, kinship modulates the "dear enemy" effect; even when kin are encountered less frequently, kin elicit less-aggressive responses, similar to the "dear enemy" effect. </p> <p>Kin selection appears to be a main influence on territorial behaviour in this species. Groups derive kin-selected benefits from decreased conflicts and maintain larger territories when overlapping with kin, though not when overlapping with non-kin. More generally, it is possible that kinship extends the "dear enemy" effect in animal societies.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.