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34 results for “rock ptarmigan”
Fig. 3 in Anticoccidial activity of the secondary metabolites in alpine plants frequently ingested by wild Japanese rock ptarmigans
Fig. 3. Confirmation of the active compounds using commercially available compounds and their efficacy. (A) The viability of sporozoites treated with each commercially available compound or lasalocid (positive control) was compared to the viability of the DMSO-treated group, which was set as 100%. The final concentration was 100 μM for the synthetic compounds, and 1 μM for lasalocid. SPZ: sporozoite, Las: lasalocid. The student's t-test was used for the comparisons (****p <0.0001) without outliers, as tested using Thompson's test (p <0.05). (B) The viability of sporozoites was determined at each concentration of the synthetic compounds that showed effectiveness at 100 μM. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was determined by approximating the curves obtained from the results.
Fig. 4 in Anticoccidial activity of the secondary metabolites in alpine plants frequently ingested by wild Japanese rock ptarmigans
Fig. 4. The inhibitory effects of the natural components derived from alpine plants on sporozoite cell invasion. The invasion rate of sporozoites treated with each natural component derived from alpine plants or lasalocid (positive control) with the viability of the DMSO-treated group set as 100%. Each compound was used at its maximum non-toxic concentration. Las: lasalocid. The student's t-test was utilized to compare the data with the DMSO-treated group as a control (**p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001). Outliers were identified and removed using Thompson's test (p <0.05).
Fig. 2 in Experimental evaluation of pathogenicity and acquired immunity of Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi, infecting Japanese rock ptarmigans in a subspecies of the birds
Fig. 2. The number of oocysts per gram of feces (OPG) after inoculation with E. uekii and E. raichoi oocysts. Panels A and B show E. uekii and E. raichoi OPG, respectively. Chicks Nos. 1–3 were inoculated depending on the manner of oocysts E. uekii and E. raichoi as described at the bottom of Figure, and mouse no. 4 was inoculated with oocysts of E. raichoi.
Fig. 1 in Experimental evaluation of pathogenicity and acquired immunity of Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi, infecting Japanese rock ptarmigans in a subspecies of the birds
Fig. 1. Weight gain of Svalbard rock ptarmigans after inoculation with E. uekii and E. raichoi oocysts. The inoculation doses of E. uekii and E. raichoi were 4 104 and × 17 103 or 4 103 (A), 2 104 and 8 103 (B), 4 103 and 17 or 4 102 (C), and 4 102 and 17 or 4 101 (D), respectively. Group E was administered PBS as a × × × × × × × × control, and group F was inoculated with 4 104 oocysts of E. raichoi that had been passed in turkeys. "n" indicates the numbers of examined chicks.
Fig. 5 in Experimental evaluation of pathogenicity and acquired immunity of Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi, infecting Japanese rock ptarmigans in a subspecies of the birds
Fig. 5. Histopathological photomicrographs of sections of the intestines of challenged chicks. Panels A and B show the ileum and duodenum of the primary inoculated chick at 7 days PI, respectively. Panels C and D show the ileum and colon of a non-inoculated chick at 7 days PI, respectively. Arrows indicate developmental zoites (sexual stages in panels C and D). Scale bars are 20 μm in panels A and C and 50 μm in panels B and D.
Fig. 4 in Experimental evaluation of pathogenicity and acquired immunity of Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi, infecting Japanese rock ptarmigans in a subspecies of the birds
Fig. 4. Weight gain of Svalbard rock ptarmigans after challenge inoculation. Panels A and B show the weight of control (PBS) and primary inoculated chicks, respectively. Two-direction arrows indicate the period of challenge inoculation, 4 104 E. uekii and 2 103 E. raichoi for 5 days.
Fig. 3 in Experimental evaluation of pathogenicity and acquired immunity of Eimeria species, E. uekii and E. raichoi, infecting Japanese rock ptarmigans in a subspecies of the birds
Fig. 3. Histopathological photomicrographs of sections from an experimentally inoculated chick (Svalbard rock ptarmigan). Panel A shows the ileum of the chick at 4 days PI after inoculation with 4 × 104 E. uekii and 2 × 103 E. raichoi oocysts. Panel B is a higher magnification of the section. Arrows indicate developmental zoites or mature schizonts (in panel B). Scale bars in panels A and B are 20 μm and 50 μm, respectively.
Training dataset for Rock ptarmigan
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Monitoring vulnerable species inhabiting mountain environments is crucial to track population trends and prioritize conservation efforts. However, the challenging nature of these remote areas poses difficulties in implementing effective and consistent monitoring programs. To address these challenges, we examined the potential of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) on a cryptic high mountain bird species, the Rock Ptarmigan (<i>Lagopus muta</i>). We deployed 38 autonomous recording units spanning the Swiss Alps in areas where the birds are followed by a national monitoring program and built a machine-learning algorithm to automatize song recognition. We focused on studying the daily and seasonal call phenology of the species and relate it to meteorological and climatic data. Our results revealed that Rock Ptarmigans were vocally active from March to July, with a peak of activity occurring between mid-March and late April, one or two months earlier than the conventional count in the second half of May. The calling frequency peaked at dawn before dropping rapidly until sunrise. Daily vocal activity demonstrated a consistent dependency on daily weather and moon phase, while the timing of seasonal vocal activity was dependent on temperature and snow conditions. We found that the peak of vocal activity occurred when the snowpack was still thick, and snow cover was close to 100% but with a local peak of high temperatures. Between our two study years, the peak of vocal activity occurred with 30 days delay in the colder year, highlighting the species' phenological plasticity in relation to environmental conditions. PAM has the potential to complement conventional acoustic counts of the cryptic birds by highlighting periods of higher detectability of the individuals or following small populations where individuals often remain undetected. Moreover, our case study supports the idea that PAM can provide valuable data over large spatial and temporal scales, allowing it to decrypt hidden ecological patterns and assist conservation efforts.</p><p> </p>
Regional demography of Icelandic rock ptarmigan and its implications for harvest management
<p>The rock ptarmigan is a popular game bird in Iceland, but management of hunting has tended to be controversial. We were interested in whether regional differences in ptarmigan demography exist and, if so, their implications for harvest management.</p> <p>We fit integrated population models (IPMs) to monitoring data from six hunting regions of Iceland during 2005 – 2023, and then examined equilibrium and non-equilibrium harvests strategies based on an objective to maximize sustainable harvest.</p> <p>Survival and reproductive rates tended to be similar among regions, except in the demographically important Northeast, where survival was lower and productivity was higher. There was a negative relationship between post-breeding age ratio and spring abundance in all regions, although the strength of density dependence varied. Spring abundance was stable in all regions, although harvest rates tended to decline, and adult survival rates tended to increase. There was a tendency for temporal patterns of demography to be positively correlated among regions. Evidence for cyclical patterns in abundance was weak, but this may be an artifact of the relatively short time series.</p> <p>Sustainable harvest potential varied among regions and was greatest in the East and Northeast. It appears that harvests during 2005 – 2022 were somewhat less than the sustainable maximum. Non-equilibrium harvest strategies, in which the allowable harvests depend on spring population size and anticipated productivity, are so-called "bang-bang" strategies, meaning that no or very little harvest is optimal until the population is at or above its maximum level of net production.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications:</em> Regional differences in ptarmigan demography warrant different harvest strategies. Yet the hunting season in Iceland historically has been regulated on a country-wide basis, with population abundance and dynamics in the Northeast playing a key role. To implement regional harvest management, decision makers must first agree on harvest-management objectives that satisfy most stakeholders, who tend to hold very diverse values. Moreover, the historical relationship between season length and harvest rate is tenuous at best, yet season length is the primary mechanism traditionally used to control harvest. The uncertainty in this relationship could be addressed in an adaptive-management framework.</p>
Regional demography of Icelandic rock ptarmigan and its implications for harvest management
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Distance sampling: Comparing walked transects and road transects for rock ptarmigan densities and population trends
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Data from: Host sex and age typically explain variation in parasitism of Rock Ptarmigan: implications for identifying determinants of exposure and susceptibility
<p>Measures of parasitism often differ between hosts. This variation is thought due in part to age or sex differences in exposure to parasites and/or susceptibility to parasitism. We assessed how often age or sex biases in parasitism were found using a large, multi-year (2006 – 2017) dataset of 12 parasite species of Icelandic Rock Ptarmigan (<em>Lagopus muta</em>). We found host traits (i.e. age and/or sex) accounted for significant variation in abundance of 11 of the 12 parasite species. We often found increased abundance among juvenile hosts, although significant adult biases were observed for three parasite species. Additionally, higher levels of parasitism by many species were observed for female hosts, contrary to frequent male biases in parasitism reported for other vertebrates. Abundance of six parasite species was best explained by interactions between host age and sex; some degree of decrease in abundance with host age was present for both male and female hosts for four of those parasite species. We consider various host and parasite traits that could account for observed singular and repeated patterns of age and/or sex biases in parasitism (e.g. age- and sex-related grouping behaviours, age-specific mortality in relation to parasitism, acquisition of greater immunity with age). This work provides a foundation for future studies investigating age-related differences in acquired immunity and age-specific parasite-mediated mortality for males and females, as well as studies on interactions between co-infecting parasite species.</p>
Data from: Host sex and age typically explain variation in parasitism of Rock Ptarmigan: implications for identifying determinants of exposure and susceptibility
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Differential expression of VA opsin transcript variants in tissues linked to photoperiodic time measurement in Svalbard rock ptarmigan
GEO Series GSE308660. Lagopus muta hyperborea. 67 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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