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1,824 results for “rocks”
Black Rock Forest Spring Freeze Defoliation Radial Growth and Leaf-Level Gas Exchange
These data are from a study conducted at Black Rock Forest in Cornwall, New York, USA during 2020 and 2021. This study was conduct to assess the ecophysiological responses of red oak (Quercus rubra) and red maple (Acer rubrum) trees in a temperate broadleaf forests to a spring frost in 2020 that that defoliated red oak trees, but not red maples. We used 2021—a year without a defoliation event—as a reference year. The datasets include tree-level measurements of (1) basal area increment for the early growing season, late growing season, and entire growing season and (2) leaf-level gas exchange (Amax, gsw, and WUE) for red oak (Quercus rubra) and red maple (Acer rubrum). These data are associated with the manuscript “Compensatory Responses of Leaf Physiology Reduce Effects of Spring Frost Defoliation on Temperate Forest Tree Carbon Uptake” by Reinmann et al.2023 in Frontiers in Forests and Global Change.
Tree species, diameter, and canopy class records for 4-paired plots in Black Rock Forest, NY, since 1931.
Black Rock Forest maintains eight long-term forest monitoring plots in Cornwall, NY. Four pairs of plots were established in 1931 to compare thinning treatments to nearby control plots. Four plots are approximately 0.25 acres and the other four are 0.1 acres. Tree species, diameter at breast height, height and canopy class have been measured on all stems greater than 1 inch in diameter since 1931. Plots were revisited every five years until the 1990s and annually after 1994.
Tree species, diameter, regeneration, and herbaceous cover from 218 plots in 1985 in Black Rock Forest, NY.
A stand inventory was completed in 1985 in Black Rock Forest, Cornwall, NY across 3112 acres. Trees greater than 2" in diameter at breast height (DBH) were tallied using a 10 basal area factor prism in 218 plots across 71 stands. For each tree, species, DBH, number of eight foot pieces, overall form, crown class, and any special notes were recorded. Regeneration was measured at each location by tallying all trees less than 2" DBH in a 2-m radius plot. Shrub and herbaceous cover at each location were also tallied in a 2-m radius plot.
Whole-tree weight and mensurational data for 13 Quercus montana, 12 Quercus rubra, 12 Acer saccharum, and 21 Betula lenta trees harvested between 2000 and 2022 from Black Rock Forest, Cornwall, NY.
Fifty-eight trees ranging from 1.5 to 54.2 centimeters diameter at breast height from four dominant forest tree species in Black Rock Forest were felled, sectioned, and weighed immediately. Subsections were then dried to determine a dry-to-wet-weight ratio for each tree, which was used to determine total dried aboveground biomass for each tree. Stumps and leaves were included. These data enabled construction of species-specific formulae for each species to predict total tree aboveground dry biomass from dbh measurements of live trees for these four species from around the Black Rock Forest region.
Multiple Element Limitation in Northern Hardwood Ecosystems (MELNHE): Soil Profile Rock Characteristics by Bedrock Type in Bartlett and Hubbard Brook, 2004-2018
Soils in our northeastern forests were formed in parent materials deposited by glaciers. The direction and distance of glacial movement can be used to predict the source of glacial till at “downstream” points on the landscape (Bailey 1992). The goal of this project was to identify the rocks excavated from the soil pits in each of the plots and then to use that data to validate the glacial till model. The minority of rocks in the soil pits matched the bedrock, showing the importance of glacial movement. Additional detail on the MELNHE project, including a data table of site descriptions and a pdf file with the project description and diagram of plot configuration can be found in this data package: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=344. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Literature cited: Bailey, S.W., 1992. Lithologic composition and rock weathering potential of forested, glacial-till soils (Vol. 662). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station.
Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels of American pika (Ochotona princeps) and habitat characteristics of their associated territories found in rock glaciers adjacent to Niwot Ridge and within Rocky Mountain National Park, 2018 - 2019.
To understand whether stress-associated hormones vary with metrics of habitat quality, we measured fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) levels in the American pika (Ochotona princeps), a small mammal with well-defined habitat (talus), that can vary in quality depending on the presence of rock ice features (RIFs). In 2018, we sampled pika scat from two types of RIFs: “active” rock glaciers thought to harbor subsurface ice recently, and “fossil” rock glaciers considered long devoid of subsurface ice (as classified by Janke 2005, 2007). Specifically, fecal pellets were collected from pika territories located in rock glaciers within eight sites along the Front Range of Colorado: four in Rocky Mountain National Park (2 active, 2 fossil) and four adjacent to Niwot Ridge (2 active, 2 fossil) (pika_fecal_glu_rg.aw.csv). To account for possible seasonal variation in pika FGM, scat samples were collected in the alpine spring and fall. To understand other influences of habitat quality on FGMs, we also measured fine-scale habitat differences between rock glaciers in 2019, including talus depth, clast size, and land cover metrics related to forage (pika_fecal_habitat_rg.aw.csv).
An Experimental Investigation of Reactive Melt Channelization in Partially Molten Rocks
<p>Mechanical, microstructural and chemical data from experiments on reactive melt migration. Each zip file contains all data from the specific experiment that were collected (optical images, scanning electron microscope images, microCT reconstructions, electron microprobe data). Master metadata table is provided with all details about the performed experiments. Experiment number corresponds to zip file number. Further information about the dataset is contained in the following publications:</p> <p>Matej Pec, Benjamin K. Holtzman, Mark Zimmerman, David L. Kohlstedt; (2015) Reaction infiltration instabilities in experiments on partially molten mantle rocks. <em><em>Geology</em></em> ; 43 (7): 575–578. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1130/G36611.1">https://doi.org/10.1130/G36611.1</a></p> <p>Matej Pec, Benjamin K. Holtzman, Mark E. Zimmerman, David L. Kohlstedt, (2017) Reaction Infiltration Instabilities in Mantle Rocks: an Experimental Investigation, <em>Journal of Petrology</em>, Volume 58, Issue 5, May 2017, Pages 979–1003, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egx043">https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egx043</a></p> <p>Matej Pec, Benjamin K. Holtzman, Mark E. Zimmerman, David L. Kohlstedt, (submitted) Influence of Lithology on Reactive Melt Flow Channelization: Infiltration Instabilities and Dikes, submitted to<em> Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems</em></p>
Tosham तोशाम (Bhiwani district, Haryana). Rock inscription of the Sātvata preceptors, lower portion.
<p>Tosham तोशाम (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhiwani_district">Bhiwani district</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haryana">Haryana</a>). Rock inscription of the Sātvata preceptors, lower portion. </p>
Satdhārā सतधारा (Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh). Rock-shelter painting showing a stūpa with ye dharmā formula.
<p>Satdhārā सतधारा (Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh). Rock-shelter painting showing a stūpa with <em>ye dharmā </em>formula.</p>
Imaging spectroscopy and elemental mapping of Haughton impact melt rock: Datasets
<p>Description of archived data for manuscript Greenberger et al. (accepted, JGR Planets)<br> </p> <p>This archive contains the data underlying the results reported in the following paper:<br> Greenberger, R. N., Ehlmann, B. L., Osinski, G. R., Tornabene, L. L., & Green, R. O. Compositional Heterogeneity of Impact Melt Rocks at the Haughton Impact Structure, Canada: Implications for Planetary Processes and Remote Sensing. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, accepted.<br> 1. ImageList.txt: Contains information required to connect sample names from paper with images, which often contain multiple samples.<br> 2. FieldImages.tar.gz: Imaging spectroscopy files from images of outcrops in the field<br> 3. LabImages.tar.gz: Imaging spectroscopy files from samples imaged in the laboratory<br> 4. XRF_Data.tar.gz: Elemental mapping of cut samples via mapping x-ray fluorescence</p> <p>Imaging spectroscopy files (for all below, * is image name from ImageList.txt):<br> 1. *_SWIRcalib.img files: Laboratory images of samples processed to reflectance, including a dark current subtraction, line-by-line ratio to an image of Spectralon acquired with identical lighting, and correction for the reflectance properties of Spectralon. These files are stored with BIL interleave.<br> 2. *_SWIRcalib.hdr files: Header files for (1).<br> 3. *_SWIRcalib_atmcorr.img: Images of outcrops acquired in the field processed to reflectance, including instrument level corrections (dark current subtraction and flat field correction) and atmospheric correction (dark object subtraction and correction to in-scene Spectralon calibration target).<br> 4. *_SWIRcalib_atmcorr.hdr: Header files for (3).<br> 5. mask# and mask#.hdr: Masks and associated header files where the sample or region of interest has a value of 1 and outside of the sample or region of interest has a value of 0. Imaging spectroscopy measurements of multiple samples were sometimes acquired within the same image, and each sample has its own mask. ImageList.txt shows conversions from image and mask names to sample numbers. For files with no # after mask, only one sample or region of interest is present within the image.<br> 6. *_SWIRcalibmask#_MAP, *_SWIRcalib_atmcorrmask_MAP, and corresponding .hdr files: These are image files with 12 bands, one for each lithologic classification in the paper, and associated header files. Values of 1 indicate that the lithology is present, and values of 0 indicate that it is absent. The mask files (5) were used to ignore areas outside of the sample or outcrop. The band named "Mixed 2.2 and 2.3 micron features" is Mixed Carbonate + Si-OH, and "Illite-y" is Illite-like. These files are stored with BSQ interleave.</p> <p>X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data:<br> Each folder corresponds with measurements of a single sample. These are measurements of the same surfaces of some cut samples analyzed by imaging spectroscopy. ImageList.txt gives the corresponding image cubes. All exported elements are .tsv files and are in quantized relative counts as exported by the instrument software. Data for Mg are unreliable due to its low atomic number, as is typical for XRF.</p>
Reliability Assessment of rock slopes by evidence theory
<p>These are the data sets on orientation collected at El Pedregal Mine by:</p> <p>1. Compass in 1997, 2011 and 2016</p> <p>2. ShapeMetrix in 2017 (station #N)</p> <p>Besides, shear strength parameters are included.</p>
Stratigraphy and genesis of the Biogenic Reefs in the Venice offshore: Tegnùa Chioggia, Site 2, Rock samples.
<p>Rock samples</p> <p>Research Activity: Geology of the Northern Adriatic Biogenic Reefs</p> <p>Project: Stratigraphy and genesis of the Biogenic Reefs in the Venice offshore </p> <p>Scientific coordinators: Sandra Donnici (CNR) and Luigi Tosi (CNR)</p> <p>Scientific Divers: Andrea Bergamasco (CNR), Luigi Tosi (CNR)</p> <p>Surface coordinator: Sandra Donnici (CNR)</p> <p>Sampling Date: 2013.10.18</p> <p>Sampling Site: Tegnùa Chioggia</p> <p>Site Coordinates: 45.230503 N; 12.489984 E (DEG WGS84)</p> <p>Seabed Depth: 22.2 m</p> <p>Biogenic reef elevation: 1.5 m</p>
Mechanical data of rotary shear experiments and temperature measurements for the manuscript: "Fast and localized temperature measurements during simulated earthquakes in carbonate rocks"
<p>Mechanical data of rotary shear experiments and temperature measurements</p> <p>Each experiment is presented in a file with the experiment name (mechanical data of rotary shear experiment) and a file with the experiment name and _Temp (temperature measurement with the optical fiber).</p> <p>Mechanical data are presented in a tab-delimited file with calibrated measurements of:</p> <ul> <li>Time (milliseconds)</li> <li>Normal stress: Normal (MPa) </li> <li>Fault displacement: Slip (mm)</li> <li>Fault velocity: Velocity (mm/s)</li> <li>Shear stress: Shearstress (MPa)</li> <li>Axial shortening: Shortening (mm).</li> </ul> <p> In a separate file, temperature data are presented as tab-delimited file with calibrated measurements of:</p> <ul> <li>Time (milliseconds)</li> <li>Temperature from optical fiber in the channel at 1.5 µm : Temperature_1,5 (°C) </li> </ul>
Laboratory dataset on Self-Heating Behavior and Ignition of Shale Rock
<p>The file attached contains a complete set of experimental data from shale rock self-heating ignition cubic basket experiments. The experiments were carried out in a thermostatically controlled oven with thermocouples for measuring the ambient and shale sample temperatures. The data is divided in two parts, one for coarse particles and one for fine particle experiments. The data reported includes the dates of experiments, volume of shale basket being tested, oven ambient temperature, fuel mass of shale, bulk density of the shale, residue mass after the experiment, percentage of residue in respect to initial mass, and if the sample ignited or not. This data is in support of the journal paper:</p> <p>F. Restuccia, N. Ptak, G. Rein, <strong>Self-Heating Behavior and Ignition of Shale Rock</strong>, <em>Combustion and Flame</em>, Vol 176, 2017, pp 213-219. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.09.025.</p>
Aukana, Sri Lanka. Monastic rock shelter.
<p>Aukana (near Kekirawa), Sri Lanka. Monastic rock shelter, with drip ledge and inscription, as documented in 02/2012.</p>
Aukana, Sri Lanka. Enclosure with rock inscription.
<p>Aukana (near Kekirawa), Sri Lanka. Iron-railing enclosure with rock inscription, general view, as documented in 02/2012.</p>
IODP Expedition 383 Source rock analyzer (SRA)
SRA is run for the purpose of safety monitoring and yields information about thermal maturation and source of hydrocarbons, as well as petroleum potential, in the sediment or rocks at a drilled site. Samples are heated in a pyrolysis oven in an inert atmosphere to quantitatively and selectively determine free hydrocarbons contained in the sample and the hydrogen- and oxygen-containing compounds that are volatilized during the cracking of unextractable organic matter in the sample (kerogen).
IODP Expedition 378 Source rock analyzer (SRA)
SRA is run for the purpose of safety monitoring and yields information about thermal maturation and source of hydrocarbons, as well as petroleum potential, in the sediment or rocks at a drilled site. Samples are heated in a pyrolysis oven in an inert atmosphere to quantitatively and selectively determine free hydrocarbons contained in the sample and the hydrogen- and oxygen-containing compounds that are volatilized during the cracking of unextractable organic matter in the sample (kerogen).
Light scattering photographic dataset of rocks
<p>This dataset comprises digital photographs taken at the Astrophysical Scattering Laboratory of the Department of Physics of the University of Helsinki, Finland. These photographs were taken in a darkened room, with targets illuminated by an Energetiq Laser-Driven Light Source (LDLD) EQ-77-QZ lamp module.</p> <p>We utilized three distinct stones borrowed from the 2024 course materials of the Geological Materials course at the University of Helsinki's Department of Geosciences and Geography. These stones vary in shape and reflectivity: one is regularly shaped with a smooth surface, another has an irregular shape but a smooth surface with high reflectivity, and the third is irregularly shaped with varying reflectivity across its surface. The stones were photographed from a distance of 230 cm at six different camera positions. At each camera position, the setting with the target was rotated. The images were gathered at 10-degree intervals, totaling 36 images for each stone at each camera position and 216 images per stone in total.</p> <p>The dataset consists of 648 unedited 16-bit Canon CR2 raw photos and the same 648 images cropped, color-graded, and processed into TIFF format. The TIFF data package is 625 MB, while the raw data package is 18.8 GB. Further details on data acquisition can be found in the accompanying PDF files.</p> <p>This dataset serves as a resource for testing and benchmarking various image processing and inverse method tasks, such as reconstructing object shapes using convolutional neural networks and inverse methods. It aims to aid researchers in image processing and related endeavors.</p> <p><em><strong>Please note: </strong></em>Depending on your graphics editor, the program might automatically apply an adjustment of saturation, brightness, and contrast to the raw CR2 photos. In this case, the desired outcome of only the target being illuminated in the photo will be lost. Please ensure that your graphics editor does not apply automatic adjustments, or use the provided TIFF files.</p>
Fracture Data Supporting: 'The 2024 Mw4.8 New Jersey Intraplate Earthquake: Preferential Rupture of an Immature Fault in Frictionally Unstable Basement Rocks'
<p>The spreadsheets contain fracture and paleoslip surface datasets measured across the epicentral region of the April 5, 2024 Mw4.8 New Jersey earthquake. Datasets contain coordinates of outcrops, strike, dip, and trend/plunge or rake (where slickenlines are observed).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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