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114 results for “rubber”
Hysteresis Performance and Design Optimization of Rubber Concrete Anti-collision Layer of Concrete Bridge Piers
<p>Static and hysteresis experiments were implemented firstly to obtain the compressive strength, elastic modulus and energy dissipation factor of rubber concrete. This study explores the static and dynamic properties of rubber concrete.</p>
Development of Cost-Effective High-Modulus Asphalt 5. Report Date Aug. 2021 Concrete (HMAC) Mixtures Using Crumb Rubber and Local Construction Materials in Louisiana
<p>One of the emerging solutions to enhance the durability of asphalt pavements is the use of a French asphalt mix<br> known as “High-Modulus Asphalt Concrete (HMAC).” This mix uses a hard asphalt binder, high binder content<br> (about 6%), and low air voids content as compared to Superpave mixtures. The key objective of this study was<br> to develop a cost-effective HMAC mixture using crumb rubber and local materials in Louisiana. To achieve this<br> objective, four HMAC mixtures were prepared using two asphalt binders (PG 82-22 and PG 76-22 plus 10%<br> crumb rubber) and two Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) contents (20% and 40%); additionally, a<br> conventional Superpave mixture in Louisiana was prepared as a control mixture. The laboratory performance<br> of these five mixtures was evaluated in terms of workability, dynamic modulus, rutting resistance, and cracking<br> resistance. The AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design software was also used to estimate the long-term field<br> performance of these mixtures. Results indicated that the HMAC mixture prepared with 10% crumb rubber and<br> 20% RAP successfully met the French mix design specifications for HMAC and LaDOTD specifications. This<br> HMAC mix outperformed the control Superpave mix in terms of dynamic modulus, rutting resistance, and<br> cracking resistance. Additionally, this HMAC mixture can reduce the required asphalt thickness by 1.5 or 2<br> inches based on traffic level. The cost-effectiveness analysis indicated that this HMAC mixture was more costeffective<br> than conventional Superpave mixtures in Louisiana. In addition, this mixture is environmentallyfriendly<br> since it can reduce the disposal of scrap tires in landfills.</p>
Thermal conductivity of natural rubber at various temperatures
<p><strong>Thermal conductivity of natural rubber at various temperatures</strong></p> <p>Junjie Chen</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p> <p> </p> <p>Rubber, also called India rubber, latex, Amazonian rubber, caucho, or caoutchouc, as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds. Types of polyisoprene that are used as natural rubbers are classified as elastomers. Currently, rubber is harvested mainly in the form of the latex from the rubber tree or others. The latex is a sticky, milky and white colloid drawn off by making incisions in the bark and collecting the fluid in vessels in a process called "tapping". The latex then is refined into the rubber that is ready for commercial processing. In major areas, latex is allowed to coagulate in the collection cup. The coagulated lumps are collected and processed into dry forms for sale. Natural rubber is used extensively in many applications and products, either alone or in combination with other materials. In most of its useful forms, it has a large stretch ratio and high resilience and also is water-proof.</p> <p> </p> <p>Thermodynamic temperature (degrees kelvin), Thermal conductivity (watts per meter-kelvin)</p> <p>303 0.16</p> <p>298.2 0.134</p> <p>310.9 0.268</p> <p>310.9 0.117</p> <p>422.1 0.113</p> <p>477.6 0.113</p> <p>533.2 0.113</p> <p>310.9 0.255</p> <p>422.1 0.238</p> <p>477.6 0.197</p>
Hard Rubber Button
This button was recovered from an archaeological survey of the Brook Farm property in West Roxbury, where during the Civil War a portion of the land was used as a training ground for soldiers. The eagle pattern shown was commonly used as an enlisted man's uniform button in the Civil War, but the material type is unusual. While most were made of a copper alloy, this example is made of a hard rubber and manufactured by the Novelty Rubber Company. Rubber was not used for buttons until the early 1850's when the vulcanizing process was deveoped by Charles Goodyear. The Novelty Rubber Co. operated from 1853 to 1886, and supplied rubber and rubberized materials to the Union Army who valued their unique water proof potential and durability. Artifact lot # 103076.Scanned by Brian Schools. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Figure 2 in Replacement level of rubber seed cake for soybean meal on the growth of Japanese quail
Figure 2. Kernel of rubber seeds.
Figure 1 in Replacement level of rubber seed cake for soybean meal on the growth of Japanese quail
Figure 1. Raw rubber seeds from the plantation.
Schenuit Rubber Co. factory
The Frank G. Schenuit Rubber Co. factory was located at 1750-60 Union Avenue in Baltimore. Built in the 1840s as a cotton mill, from 1925 to the late 60s, the building was used to manufacture tires. Sadly, it is currently being demolished with plans for a self-storage facility to be built in its place. I will miss seeing the iconic smokestack during my commute to work each day! Created using 917 images taken with a DJI Mavic Mini and processed in RealityCapture. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
The Effect of Bristle Brush, Rubber Cup, and Air Polishing on Tooth Surface Roughness of Scaled Teeth
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06857474. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Data from: Rubber agroforestry in Thailand provides some biodiversity benefits without reducing yields
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Data from: Spectral wear modelling of rubber friction on a hard substrate with large surface roughness
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Sevilleta site, station Deep Well, study of plant cover of Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa (rubber rabbitbrush) in units of percent on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Sevilleta (SEV) contains plant cover of Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa (rubber rabbitbrush) measurements in percent units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Data from: Can intercropping with the world's three major beverage plants help improve the water use of rubber trees?
The dramatic expansion of rubber plantations in mainland South-East Asia and south-west China has caused many eco-environmental problems, especially negative hydrological consequences. These problems have gradually worsened and pose formidable threats to rubber agriculture, especially in the light of increasingly frequent extreme weather events. Although rubber-based agroforestry systems are regarded as the best solution for improving the sustainability of rubber agriculture and environmental conservation, plant water use and related interactions have rarely been examined in such systems. We primarily used stable isotope (δD, δ18O and δ13C) methods to test whether intercropping could improve the water use and extreme weather tolerance (extreme cold and drought in our study) of rubber trees in three types of promising agroforestry systems (i.e. rubber with tea, coffee and cocoa) in Xishuangbanna, China. We found that the rubber tree is a drought-avoidance plant with strong plasticity with respect to water uptake. This characteristic is reflected by its ability to cope with serious seasonal drought, allowing it to avoid interspecific competition for water. The rubber trees showed wasteful water behaviour unless they were intercropped with tea or coffee. However, these intercropped species exhibited drought-tolerance strategies and maintained lower water use efficiencies to strengthen their competitive capacity for surface soil water. The stable δ13C values of the intercrop leaves indicated that all the agroforestry systems have stable internal microclimatic environments or higher resistance. Synthesis and applications. This study suggests that interspecific competition for water can enhance the water use efficiency of drought-avoidance plants (i.e. rubber trees) and lead to complementarity between the root distributions of plants in rubber agroforestry systems (i.e. rubber with tea, coffee and cocoa). All agroforestry systems have higher resistance, but tea was the most suitable intercrop in terms of water use because the interspecific competition for water was moderate and the agroforestry system retained much more soil water and improved the water use efficiency of the rubber tree. Considering the root characteristics of the tea trees, we suggest that the crops selected for intercropping with rubber trees should have a relatively fixed water use pattern, short lateral roots and a moderate amount of fine roots that overlap with the roots of the rubber trees in the shallow soil layer.
Data from: The ecological implications of rubber-based agroforest: insect conservation and invasion control
<p>1. Protected areas are increasingly threatened by biological invasions, especially in Tropical Asia where extensive areas of natural habitats have been converted to monoculture plantations. Such disturbance provides a gateway for exotic species invasions, highlighting an urgent need for cross-boundary solutions to mitigate invasion impacts. 2. Agroforests, with multi-storied trees and crops resembling the complex structure of natural forest, are well-known to promote native species compared to monoculture plantations. Yet our knowledge on their roles in controlling exotic species is limited to plant invaders, with effects on animal invaders still unknown. Given that protected areas are increasingly threatened by invaders from surrounding plantations, with a majority of them represented by insects, it is important to evaluate the effect of agroforestry practice, and mechanisms of associated management to control invasions. 3. By using both taxonomic and functional trait-based approaches, we studied leaf litter ant communities in 12 rubber monoculture (mono-rubber), 9 rubber plantation with understory crops (agro-rubber), 16 secondary, and 12 old-growth secondary forest plots in and around protected areas in Hainan, China. Sampled ants were further classified into groups based on their invasive potential (tramp vs non-tramp) to determine the ecological values of agro-rubber. 4. We found that despite mono-rubber and agro-rubber presenting similar species richness, the latter 1) supports species composition and functional diversity more similar to secondary forests, and 2) reduces tramp ant species occurrence, a novel management incentive. Nonetheless, agro-rubber is not comparable to secondary forest in terms of non-tramp ant species composition. 5. Synthesis and applications. If it is not feasible to preserve natural forests in human-dominated landscapes against the growing threat of biological invasion, proactive mitigation through increasing the area of agro-rubber at the periphery of protected areas can reduce invasive species' establishment and spread. Plantation-based agroforestry has emerged as a potential management avenue and incentive for transforming monoculture plantations into a less "harmful" alternative.</p>
FIGURES 15–16. Typhlodromips paramilus n in Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from rubber tree crops in the State of Bahia, Brazil, with description of two new species
FIGURES 15–16. Typhlodromips paramilus n. sp. Detail of female dorsal setae: 15. Seta Z4, 16. Seta Z5.
FIGURES 8–14. Typhlodromips paramilus n in Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from rubber tree crops in the State of Bahia, Brazil, with description of two new species
FIGURES 8–14. Typhlodromips paramilus n. sp. Female: 8. Dorsal idiosoma, 9. Ventral idiosoma, 10. Genu, tibia and tarsus of leg IV, 11. Chelicera, 12. Spermatheca. Male: 13. Spermatodactyl (frontal and lateral view), 14. Ventrianal shield.
FIGURES 1–7. Amblydromalus insolitus n in Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from rubber tree crops in the State of Bahia, Brazil, with description of two new species
FIGURES 1–7. Amblydromalus insolitus n. sp. Female: 1. Dorsal idiosoma, 2. Ventral idiosoma, 3. Chelicera, 4. Spermatheca, 5. Genu, tibia and tarsus of leg IV. Male: 6. Spermatodactyl, 7. Ventrianal shield.
Figure S3. New record of a bill of the swordfish, Xiphias gladius, on a rubber bale collected off the coast of Sergipe (Northeast Brazil).
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Figure S4. Presence of Japanese Kanji ideograms on rubber bales found in 2021 along the Brazilian coastline. This historical evidence from 2021 supports the hypothesis of a new wreck as the 2018 and 2019 event had different language entries from the former French Indo-China (Teixeira et al., 2021).
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Figure S2. General aspect of the rubber bales found in 2021 on the Northeast coast of Brazil. 74 x 57 x 40 cm. These are very similar to those found in 2018, except for the presence of Japanese ideograms.
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Meteorological and Flux Data in Two Rubber Plantations and a Natural Forest in Mainland Southeast Asia
<p>Rubber plantations have rapidly replaced natural forests in Mainland Southeast Asia, yet the relevant impacts on the terrestrial carbon cycle remain uncertain, especially with an increase in drought frequency. Based on the meteorological and flux data from two rubber sites and one natural forest site, our study investigated the rubber ecosystem fluxes in a marginal (drier) plantation and their responses to drought 2015/2016 compared to a local natural forest, and the differences in ecosystem fluxes and their climatic drivers between the marginal plantation and a traditional humid plantation. </p>
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