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Text-fig. 3. Borehole section in the Blansko Graben with lithology, distribution of palynomorphs, macroflora and macrofauna (modified after Čech, unpublished report). 1 – Spesovicornea pacltovae, 2 – Platanus sp., 3 – Myrtophyllum angustum (VEL.) KNOBOCH, 4 – Gleichenia sp.), 5 – percentage of land-derived palynomorphs, 6 – percentages of marine palynomorphs, 7 – glauconite, 8 – pyrite nodules, 9 – macrofauna, 10 – productive palynological samples, 11 – carbonized roots, 12 – conglomerate, 13 – sandstone, 14 – claystone, 15 – coal, 16 – granite and granodiorite of the Brno pluton. in Spesovicornea Pacltovae Gen. Nov. Et Sp. Nov., A New Elateroid Sporomorph From The Bohemian Cenomanian (Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 3. Borehole section in the Blansko Graben with lithology, distribution of palynomorphs, macroflora and macrofauna (modified after Čech, unpublished report). 1 – Spesovicornea pacltovae, 2 – Platanus sp., 3 – Myrtophyllum angustum (VEL.) KNOBOCH, 4 – Gleichenia sp.), 5 – percentage of land-derived palynomorphs, 6 – percentages of marine palynomorphs, 7 – glauconite, 8 – pyrite nodules, 9 – macrofauna, 10 – productive palynological samples, 11 – carbonized roots, 12 – conglomerate, 13 – sandstone, 14 – claystone, 15 – coal, 16 – granite and granodiorite of the Brno pluton.

Fig. 11 in A Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) bivalve-dominated molluscan fauna from the Stairway Sandstone, Amadeus Basin, central Australia

Fig. 11. Nucularcid and pteriomorphian bivalves from the Stairway Sandstone, Middle Ordovician, Australia. Internal moulds (B–K) and latex casts of external moulds (A, L, M). A. Sthenodonta sp. B (CPC 41468) from Petermann Creek, left-lateral view showing well marked growth lines. B. Johnmartinia cordata Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson, 1977 (CPC 41469) from Areyonga Gorge; left-lateral view with dorsal border (B1), anterior view showing the pointy beak (B2). C–F. Nuculites wattii Tate, 1896 from Areyonga Gorge. C–E. Specimens in left (C, E) and right-lateral (D) dorsal views, showing well-defined anterior myophoric buttress, D additionally shows dorsal teeth (C, CPC 41470; D, CPC 41472; E, CPC 41472). F. Right-lateral view of fragmentary specimen with chevron shaped posterior teeth pointing anteriorly (CPC 41473). G. Cyrtodonta carberryi Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson, 1977 (CPC 41474) from Areyonga Gorge; in right-lateral view with growth lines and at least one dorsal lateral tooth (G1), dorsal view illustrating the height of shell profile (G2). H–K. Cyrtodonta staffordae Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson, 1977 from Petermann Creek (H–I, K) and Areyonga Gorge (J). H. Specimen in right-lateral view showing distinct growth lines (CPC 41475). I. Specimen in left-lateral view with three posterior lateral teeth (CPC 41476). J. Fragmentary posterior margin with duplivincular ligament and indications of three posterior lateral teeth (CPC 41478). K. Specimen in right-lateral view with a posterior lateral tooth (CPC 41477). L, M. Cyrtodonta sp. B. L. Anterior (L1) and left-lateral (L2) views of sub-ovate shell-profile (CPC 41479) from Petermann Creek. M. Sub-ovate shell-profile with growth lines (CPC 41480) from Areyonga Gorge. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 10 in A Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) bivalve-dominated molluscan fauna from the Stairway Sandstone, Amadeus Basin, central Australia

Fig. 10. Nucularcid bivalves from the Stairway Sandstone, Middle Ordovician, Australia. Internal (A–H, I1, J1, K–N) and external (I2, J2) moulds. A–J. Sthenodonta eastii Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson, 1977 from the Petermann Creek. A–D. Specimens in left-lateral views with chevron-shaped palaeotaxodont teeth (A, CPC 41455; B, CPC 41456; C, CPC 41456; D, CPC 41457). E. Specimen in dorsal view with teeth (CPC 41458). F, G. Specimens in right-lateral view with teeth and ventral border (F, CPC 41459; G, CPC 41460). H. Specimen in left-lateral view with anterior myophoric buttress preserved (CPC 41461). I. Specimen in right-lateral view showing indistinct growth lines (CPC 41462). J. Specimen in left-lateral view (CPC 41463). K, L. Sthenodonta paenesymmetrica sp. nov. from the Areyonga Gorge (K) and Petermann Creek (L), right-valves in dorsomedial views. K. Holotype (CPC 41464). L. Juvenile specimen (CPC 41465). M, N. Sthenodonta sp. A. M. Specimen (CPC 41467) from the Petermann Creek in right-lateral view with anterior muscle scars indicated and part of original shell material preserved. N. Specimen (CPC 41466) from Areyonga Gorge in right-lateral view with curved anterodorsal margin. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 8 in A Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) bivalve-dominated molluscan fauna from the Stairway Sandstone, Amadeus Basin, central Australia

Fig. 8. Number of individual bivalves (A) and bivalve species (B) distributed within orders/infraclasses in the Areyonga Gorge and Petermann Creek sections.

Fig. 4 in A Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) bivalve-dominated molluscan fauna from the Stairway Sandstone, Amadeus Basin, central Australia

Fig. 4. Composite log of the Stairway Sandstone and abundance-charts showing distribution of bivalves and rostroconchs in the Areyonga Gorge section.

Fig. 5 in A Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) bivalve-dominated molluscan fauna from the Stairway Sandstone, Amadeus Basin, central Australia

Fig. 5. Composite log of the Stairway Sandstone and abundance-charts showing distribution of bivalves and rostroconchs in the Petermann Creek section.

Fig. 2 in A Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) bivalve-dominated molluscan fauna from the Stairway Sandstone, Amadeus Basin, central Australia

Fig. 2. Distribution of the Larapintine Sea in the Middle Ordovician. The extent of the Canning, Amadeus, and Georgina basins, all containing Middle Ordovician deposits, have been inferred together with the extent of continental landmass (marked with horizontal lines). Base map modified from Webby 1978. A. Webby's interpretation (1978). B. New interpretation based on faunal correlation. Note the broken connection between the Amadeus–Georgina basins and the Canning Basin.

Fig. 12 in A Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) bivalve-dominated molluscan fauna from the Stairway Sandstone, Amadeus Basin, central Australia

Fig. 12. Pteriomorphian and heteroconchian bivalves, rostroconchs and gastropods from the Stairway Sandstone, Middle Ordovician, Australia. Internal moulds (A, B, E–M, N1) and latex casts of internal (N2, O) and external (C, D) moulds. A, B. Modiolopsis pojetai sp. nov. from Petermann Creek. A. Holotype (CPC 41481) in left-lateral view showing discrete longitudinal dorsal slit-like mark. B. Paratype (CPC 41482) in right-lateral view with umbo steeply descending anteriorly. C, D. Colpantyx? sp. A from Areyonga Gorge; in right (C, CPC 41483) and left-lateral (D, CPC 41484) views with two umbonal radial ribs anteriorly and one posteriorly. E, F. Sphenosolen draperi Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson, 1977 from Petermann Creek (E, CPC 41485; F, CPC 41486), specimens with flat shell and narrow elongated sub-rectangular shape. G–M. Rostroconchia. G–I. Ribeiria csiro Pojeta, GilbertTomlinson, and Shergold, 1977 from Areyonga Gorge (G) and Petermann Creek (H–I); note the prominent triangular beak and curved ventral margin (G, CPC 41487; H, CPC 41488; I, CPC 41489). J. Ribeiria jonesi? from Petermann Creek, sub-rectangular profile and strong dorsally projecting umbo (CPC 41490). K, L. Pinnocaris sp. A from Petermann Creek with inflated pear-shaped profile (K, CPC 41491; L, CPC 41492). M. Technophorus walteri Pojeta, Gilbert-Tomlinson, and Shergold, 1977 from Areyonga Gorge (CPC 41493) with a single lateral radial rib and prominent nearly erect pegma indicated. N, O. Gastropoda, Scalites? sp. from Petermann Creek. N. CPC 41494 (N1), latex cast with clear growth lines (N2). O. CPC 41495, specimen with 3.5 to 4 whorls. Scale bars 10 mm, except C, D, M, 5 mm.

Fig. 7 in A Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) bivalve-dominated molluscan fauna from the Stairway Sandstone, Amadeus Basin, central Australia

Fig. 7. Distribution of the cosmopolitan genera Modiolopsis, Cyrtodonta, and Nuculites found in the Stairway Sandstone and coeval strata elsewhere during the Middle Ordovician. Map modified from Torsvik et al. (2014).

Fig. 6 in Placoderms from the Lower Devonian "placoderm sandstone" of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland with biostratigraphical and palaeobiogeographical implications

Fig. 6. Palaeogeographic reconstruction during the Early Devonian (after Domeier and Torsvik 2014) and stratigraphic occurences of the "Polish Placoderm Sandstone" and the Ukrainian "Kujdanowiaspis series" in Podolia. Abbreviations: HCM, Holy Cross Mountains; Pd, Podolia.

Fig. 4 in Placoderms from the Lower Devonian "placoderm sandstone" of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland with biostratigraphical and palaeobiogeographical implications

Fig. 4. Thoracic elements of arthrodiran placoderm Kujdanowiaspididae indet. (A–I) and Actinolepidoidei indet. (J) from Lower Devonian (Emsian) of Podłazie Hill, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. A. MZ-VIII/Vp-487, left spinal plate. B. MZ-VIII/Vp-485, left spinal plate. C. Muz PGI 1733.II.285, right spinal plate. D. MZ-VIII/Vp-485, spinal plate (drawing) E. Muz PGI 1733.II.340, right spinal plate. F. Muz PGI 1733.II.442, posterior half of an incomplete median dorsal plate. G. Muz PGI 1733.II.384, subcomplete median dorsal plate. H. Muz PGI 1733.II.81, incomplete median dorsal plate. I. MZ-VIII/ Vp-520, postmedian dorsal scute (tail cover) in dorsal (I1) and posterior (I2) views. J. Muz PGI 1733.II.174, right interolateral plate. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 5 in Placoderms from the Lower Devonian "placoderm sandstone" of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland with biostratigraphical and palaeobiogeographical implications

Fig. 5. Arthrodiran placoderm Brachythoraci indet. from Lower Devonian (Emsian) of Podłazie Hill, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. A. Muz PGI 1733.II.114, print of subcomplete left anterior dorsolateral plate (A1, photograph; A2, "negative drawing"). B. Muz PGI 1733II.107, countreprint subcomplete right anterior dorsolateral plate (B1, photograph; B2, drawing). C. Muz PGI 1733.II.225, ventral side of an incomplete median dorsal plate. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 2. A in Placoderms from the Lower Devonian "placoderm sandstone" of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland with biostratigraphical and palaeobiogeographical implications

Fig. 2. A. Diagrammatic map the Holy Cross Mountains with indicated crossection from the base to the top of the Lower Devonian (modified after Szulczewski 1995). B. Lithostratigraphy of the upper Pragian to Eifelian in the Kielce Region (modified from Fijałkowska-Mader and Malec 2011). Star indicates Podłazie Hill locality; T1–4, pyroclastic horizons; black area in B is a stratigraphical gap.

Fig. 3 in Placoderms from the Lower Devonian "placoderm sandstone" of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland with biostratigraphical and palaeobiogeographical implications

Fig. 3. Cranial and thoracic material of arthrodiran placoderm Kujdanowiaspis sp. (A, C, E, F) and Erikaspis sp. (B, D, F) from Lower Devonian (Emsian) of Podłazie Hill, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. A. MZ-VIII/Vp-340, left fragmentary skull roof. B. MZ-VIII/Vp-480, posterodorsal fragment of a right anterior lateral plate. C. Muz PGI 1733.II.37, right fragmentary skull roof. D. Muz PGI 1733.II.183, left anterior lateral plate. E. MZ-VIII/Vp-515, left postorbital plate. F. Muz PGI 1733.II.390, right postorbital plate. G. Muz PGI 1733.II.383, subcomplete right anterior lateral plate. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 7 in Crouching theropod and Navahopus sauropodomorph tracks from the Early Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of USA

Fig. 7. Comparisons between the manual and pedal skeleton of sauropodomorph material from the Navajo Sandstone of northern Arizona and the Navahopus coyoteensis isp. nov. trackway from Coyote Buttes. The skeletal material was originally referred to as Ammosaurus (Galton 1971), but has recently been revised and reinterpreted as belonging to an indeterminate sauropodomorph (Yates 2004). A. The manus of the sauropodomorph from northern Arizona is tridactyl and consists of two short, forward−facing digits (II and III) and the large pollex claw of digit I directed inward. The pes is tetradactyl with digits III and IV of subequal length, followed by the shorter digits II and I; modified from Baird (1980). B. Manus and pes couple from N. coyoteensis. Note the close correspondence between the pedal skeleton and the tracks, here shown to the same scale.

Fig. 3 in Crouching theropod and Navahopus sauropodomorph tracks from the Early Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of USA

Fig. 3. Trace of a crouching theropod (left in the field). A. The crouching track comprises subparallel impressions of the metatarsus, two small, undetailed manus imprints, the imprints of the ischial callosity, the impression of the tail, and tracks from the dinosaur walking toward and away from the resting site. Upslope direction is to the right. Knivehandle is 10 cm long. B. Interpretative drawing of an unspecified small theropod dinosaur crouching down to produce the configuration of tracks seen in A. The manus posture during resting, where only the metacarpals are in contact with the ground producing an amorphous rounded depression is based on Weems (2006). The animal was progressing directly up the slope and was crouching facing upslope before it continued directly up the dune face.

Fig. 6 in Crouching theropod and Navahopus sauropodomorph tracks from the Early Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of USA

Fig. 6. The ichnofamily Navahopodidae, characterized by the tridactyl manus impression with the prominent inward directed pollex trace. A. Navahopus falcipollex Baird, 1980, the holotype MNA P3.339 from the collection of the Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff. B. Baird's (1980) interpretation of Navahopus falcipollex as a sauropodomorph trackway, with an enlarged medially directed pollex claw. C. New interpretative drawing of Navahopus falcipollex, with less pronounced pollex impressions, and suggested mammal affinities. From Lockley and Hunt (1995). D. Sketch of Navahopus coyoteensis isp. nov. manus and pes couplets from left and right side of the trackway. In the pes prints, digits III and IV are separated by a deep hypex, recognizable in all well−preserved tracks in the trackway. All manus prints in the new trackway show consistent impressions of a large, medially directed pollex claw, supporting the original interpretation of Baird (1980), that Navahopus was made by a sauropodomorph dinosaur. Compare with Fig. 7. E. New interpretation of Tetrasauropus unguiferus Ellenberger, 1972 from the Lower Stormberg assemblage of Southern Africa (Porchetti and Nicosa 2007).

Fig. 5 in Crouching theropod and Navahopus sauropodomorph tracks from the Early Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of USA

Fig. 5. Sketch of the trackway in figure 4. The sketch is redrawn from high−resolution digital photographs of the trackway. RM, right manus; LM, left manus; RP, right pes; LP, left pes. The solid arrow indicates the direction of progression and the broken−line arrow the orientation of the body during progression. Notice how the animal walked at an oblique angle upslope in the first half of the trackway, and then changed to progress head on, up the slope.

Fig. 2 in Crouching theropod and Navahopus sauropodomorph tracks from the Early Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of USA

Fig. 2. Theropod trackways from the Early Jurassic Navajo Sandstone, Coyote Buttes locality, USA (both left in the field). A. Long, narrow−gauge trackway from a small theropod. Backpack is 50 cm high. B. Close−up of two consecutive footprints that are preserved as true tracks infilled with darker colored, lithified sand. Knivehandle is 10 cm long.

Fig. 1 in Crouching theropod and Navahopus sauropodomorph tracks from the Early Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of USA

Fig. 1. Stratigraphic column of the Navajo Sandstone outcrop at Coyote Buttes. The studied tracks are all found at the top of the middle zone of bioturbation. The Coyote Buttes locality is located on Bureau of Land Management property (accessible by permit only) at the border between Utah and Arizona at 36°59'58''N, 112°00'35''W. Ichnofabric index 1–5 is zero to total bioturbation.