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65 results for “seed dormancy”
Data from: Pre-dispersal seed predators and fungi differ in their effect on Luehea seemannii capsule development, seed germination and dormancy across two Panamanian forests
Pre-dispersal seed predation can greatly reduce crop size affecting recruitment success. Additionally, non-fatal damage by seed predators may allow infection by fungi responsible for post-dispersal seed losses. The objectives of this study were (1) to quantify pre-dispersal seed predation and fungal infection in a Neotropical tree species, Luehea seemannii, that produces dehiscent fruits and wind-dispersed seeds, and (2) to link pre-dispersal effects on seed quality to seed survival in the soil. To examine how seed predators and fungi influence seed losses, mesh exclosures, fungicide and the combination of both treatments were applied to separate branches in the canopy of trees in Gamboa and Parque Natural Metropolitano (PNM), Panama. To determine if treatments affect seed viability and survival in the soil, half of the seeds collected from each treatment were buried for four weeks in forest soils and subsequently allowed to germinate before and after the breaking of dormancy. Overall, 24 percent of developing fruit were lost to insect attack. In contrast, fungi infected only 3 percent of seeds at the pre-dispersal stage. For seeds germinated directly after collection, fungicide significantly increased germination in the wetter site (Gamboa) but decreased germination in the drier site (PNM). The pre-dispersal insect exclosure treatment increased the fraction of seeds that remained dormant after burial in the soil. This result suggests that exposure to insect predators may cause physical damage to seeds that results in the loss of physical dormancy but does not necessarily increase the susceptibility of seeds to pathogen attack in the soil.
SNP alleles for pooled DNA samples of Vicia villosa targeting QTL for pod dehiscence and seed dormancy
<p>Hairy vetch (<em>Vicia villosa </em>Roth) is a promising legume cover crop, but its use is limited by high rates of pod dehiscence and seed dormancy. We used phenotypically contrasting pooled DNA samples (n=24 with 29-74 individuals per sample) from an ongoing cover crop breeding program across four environments (site-year combinations: Maryland 2020, Maryland 2022, Wisconsin 2021, Wisconsin 2022) to find genetic associations and genomic prediction accuracies for pod dehiscence and seed dormancy. We also combined pooled DNA sample genetic association results with the results of a prior genome-wide association study. Genomic prediction resulted in positive predictive abilities for both traits between environments and with an independent dataset (0.34-0.50), but reduced predictive ability for DNA pools with divergent seed dormancy in the Maryland environments (0.07-0.15). The pooled DNA samples found six significant (false discovery rate q-value<0.01) quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed dormancy and four significant QTL for pod dehiscence. Unfortunately, the minor alleles of the pod dehiscence QTL increased the rate of pod dehiscence and are not useful for marker-assisted selection. When combined with a prior association study, sixteen seed dormancy QTL and zero pod dehiscence QTL were significant. Combining the association studies did not increase the detection of useful QTL.</p>
Seed size and capitulum position drive germination and dormancy responses to projected warming for the threatened dune endemic Cirsium pitcheri (Asteraceae)
<p>Among coastal plant species at risk from rapid environmental changes is the North American Great Lakes dune endemic Cirsium pitcheri. Despite being listed as federally threatened, little is known about how C. pitcheri seed attributes influence germination and dormancy-break patterns in the context of climate change. Following a previous work where we found differences in the number and weight of C. pitcheri seeds among capitulum positions and study sites, here we examine the effects of seed attributes (capitulum position, seed weight and site of origin) on the proportion and timing of C. pitcheri seed germination under temperature treatments that simulate projected warming in the Great Lakes (20/10°C, 25/10°C and 30/10°C day/night). Our results demonstrate that C. pitcheri produces diverse cohorts of seeds with seed attributes that significantly influence the timing and probability of germination over a three-year soil seed bank. C. pitcheri seed germination proportions were highest at 20°C and decreased successively at 25°C and 30°C. Seeds from terminal capitula had higher germination proportions and took longer to germinate than those from secondary capitula. The effect of seed weight on germination probability also depended on site of origin and capitulum position, with all effects varying in size and significance over time. Our results highlight the considerable differences in germination patterns exhibited by seeds from different capitulum positions and sites of origin and provide insight into the dormancy-break patterns that C. pitcheri might experience under the predicted temperature rise in the Great Lakes region of North America.</p>
Effects of temperature on seed dormancy and germination of the coastal dune plant Viola grayi: Germination phenology and responses to winter warming
<p>PREMISE: In temperate sand dunes, rising air temperature owing to climate change could not only further elevate surface soil temperatures during summers but also drastically change the range of soil temperatures in other seasons. Winter warming may shift the timing of seed germination of dune species that require cold stratification for dormancy release.</p> <p>METHODS: We assessed the effects of temperature on dormancy and germination of <i>Viola grayi</i> seeds and evaluated whether winter warming could affect its germination phenology by conducting germination experiments and analyzing soil temperature data in cold and warm winters.</p> <p>RESULTS: <i>Viola grayi</i> seeds were dormant when dispersed in spring. One-month moist-chilling treatment (4°C) effectively released dormancy, while short, intermittent lower temperatures (alternating 20/5°C) did not. Continuous higher temperatures induced secondary dormancy in non-dormant seeds. During a cold, snowy winter, the surface soil temperatures of the sand dune remained at 0–2°C for approximately one month owing to the accumulated snow, while the period of such stable low soil temperatures was much shorter during a warm, less snowy winter, and the highest soil temperature class reached 20–25°C. These results suggest that dispersed seeds germinate in the following spring after winter chilling, but they may remain dormant after warm winters.</p> <p>CONCLUSIONS: With winter warming, prolonged seed dormancy and associated germination delay could occur in <i>V. grayi</i> seeds. Assessing the minimum requirements for dormancy release and the potential to form persistent soil seed banks is important for judging the necessity and urgency of conservation efforts for temperate dune species.</p>
Seed dormancy and germination traits of 27 species inhabiting the degraded karst mountain from central Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: Seed mass and moisture content correlates with germination capacity
<p>Seed dormancy and germination play an important roles in regulating germination timing and plant fitness in harsh environment, especially for fragile karst region. Broadening the knowledge regarding seed ecology of native plant species can improve local restoration management due to the increased biodiversity and success of seedling establishment, yet few studies have addressed this. We examined the dormancy types and germination responses to temperature regimes as well as light conditions of totally 27 that were dominant or common species inhabiting a degraded karst mountain from central Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and assessed the relationships between seed traits and germination index using a partial least squares regression (PLSR). Approximately 48% of the investigated species exhibited physiological dormancy, 37% exhibited nondormancy, 7% exhibited morphophysiological dormancy, 4% exhibited morphological dormancy and 4% exhibited physical dormancy. Germination behaviors occurred in 16 of 27 species. The seed germination of 13 species strongly responded to seasonal temperature regimes, whereas 12 species were substantially affected by light conditions. About 94% species germinated to the maximum percent in warm temperature regimes (20/13 and 25/18 °C), while the remaining was in cool temperature regime (10/4 °C). The PLSR analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between seed mass and T50 m (time to 50% final germination), and a negative correlation between seed moisture content and percent germination, showing that small seeds, particularly those with a low moisture content, were more likely to have a greater germination capacity (including relative less germination time and higher germination percent) than large seeds in harsh karst environments. In general, these results strengthen the understanding of seed dormancy classification of dormant species and germination requirements of nondormant ones that representative of pioneer species of early stage of positive succession in seriously degraded sites and provide suggestion for species selection in local seed-based vegetation restoration.</p>
Seed dormancy varies widely among Arabidopsis thaliana populations both between and within Fennoscandia and Italy
<p>The timing of germination is a key life-history trait in plants, which is strongly affected by the strength of seed dormancy. Continental-wide genetic variation in seed dormancy has been related to differences in climate and the timing of conditions suitable for seedling establishment. However, for predictions of adaptive potential and consequences of climatic change, information is needed regarding the extent to which seed dormancy varies within climatic regions and the factors driving such variation. We quantified dormancy of seeds produced by 17 Italian and 28 Fennoscandian populations of <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> when grown in the greenhouse and at two field sites in Italy and Sweden. To identify possible drivers of among-population variation in seed dormancy, we examined the relationship between seed dormancy and climate at the site of population origin, and between seed dormancy and flowering time. Seed dormancy was on average stronger in the Italian compared to the Fennoscandian populations, but also varied widely within both regions. Estimates of seed dormancy in the three maternal environments were positively correlated. Among Fennoscandian populations, seed dormancy tended to increase with increasing summer temperature and decreasing precipitation at the site of population origin. In the smaller sample of Italian populations, no significant association was detected between mean seed dormancy and climate at the site of origin. The correlation between population mean seed dormancy and flowering time was weak and not statistically significant within regions. The correlation between seed dormancy and climatic factors in Fennoscandia suggests that at least some of the among-population variation is adaptive and that climate change will affect selection on this trait. The weak correlation between population mean seed dormancy and flowering time indicates that the two traits can evolve independently.</p>
Seed dormancy varies widely among Arabidopsis thaliana populations both between and within Fennoscandia and Italy
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Data from: Ex situ cultivation entails high risk of seed dormancy loss on short-lived wild plant species
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Data from: Genetic basis of adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana: local adaptation at the seed dormancy QTL DOG1
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Effects of temperature on seed dormancy and germination of the coastal dune plant Viola grayi: Germination phenology and responses to winter warming
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Seed dormancy and germination traits of 27 species inhabiting the degraded karst mountain from central Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: Seed mass and moisture content correlates with germination capacity
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Data from: Pre-dispersal seed predators and fungi differ in their effect on Luehea seemannii capsule development, seed germination and dormancy across two Panamanian forests
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Data from: Seed dormancy explains plant response to mass mortality events
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SNP alleles for pooled DNA samples of Vicia villosa targeting QTL for pod dehiscence and seed dormancy
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Seed size and capitulum position drive germination and dormancy responses to projected warming for the threatened dune endemic Cirsium pitcheri (Asteraceae)
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Canalization of seasonal phenology in the presence of developmental variation: seed dormancy cycling in an annual weed
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Effects of primary seed dormancy on life-time fitness of Arabidopsis thaliana in the field
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong>Background and Aims</strong><em> </em>Seed dormancy determines the environmental niche of plants in seasonal environments, and has consequences for plant performance that potentially go far beyond the seed and seedling stages. In this study, we examined the cascading effects of seed dormancy on the expression of subsequent life-history traits and fitness in the annual herb <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>.<em> </em></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong>Methods </strong>We planted seeds of >200 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from a cross between two locally adapted populations (Italy and Sweden), and both parental genotypes at the native site of the Swedish population in three consecutive years. We quantified the relationship between primary seed dormancy and the expression of subsequent life-history traits and fitness in the RIL population with path analysis. To examine effects of differences in dormancy on relative fitness of the two parental genotypes, we planted dormant seeds during the seed dispersal period and non-dormant seeds during the germination period of the local population.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong>Key Results </strong>In the RIL population,<strong> </strong>strong primary dormancy was associated with high seedling survival, but with low adult survival and fecundity, and the path analysis indicated that this could be explained by effects on germination timing, rosette size, and flowering start. The relationship between primary seed dormancy and germination proportion varied among years, and this was associated with differences in seasonal changes in soil moisture. The planting of dormant and nondormant seeds indicated that the lower primary dormancy of the local Swedish genotype contributed to its higher germination proportion in two years, and to its higher fecundity in one year. </p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong>Conclusions </strong>Our results show that seed dormancy affects trait expression and fitness components across the life cycle, and suggest that among-year variation in the incidence of drought during the germination period should be considered when predicting the consequences of climatic change for population growth and evolution.</p>
A quantitative analysis of primary dormancy and dormancy changes during burial in seeds of Brassica napus
<p>For plants inhabiting unpredictable environments, scheduling germination can be challenging. Various responses to environmental conditions have been evolved by plants; these responses combine with variation in local climate to construct germination niche. Germination process may be regulated by a number of factors, among them, the type of seed dormancy and dormancy cycling play an important role in promoting survival after dispersal. In the present study, seeds of <i>Brassica napus</i> were tested for primary conditional dormancy (CD). Dormancy changes were quantified through seed population thermal germination parameters to test whether different genotypes of <i>B. napus</i> seeds (<span>944, 966, Alestrom, Danube, Okanto and Rohan</span>) are non-dormant (ND) at the maturity or if they present primary dormancy (D or CD). In a burial experiment, <i>B. napus</i> seeds dormancy cycling in the natural soil seedbank was investigated. Germination of all genotypes decreased at 5 and >20 <sup>o</sup>C, showing narrower breadth of thermal niche for germination. Dormancy-breaking Treatments lead to the widening of thermal range permissive for germination. The lower limit (<i>T<sub>l(50)</sub></i>) and higher limit (<i>T<sub>h(50)</sub></i>) temperatures for germination decreased and increased, respectively, for non-dormant (after-ripened seeds treated with GA<sub>3</sub>) seeds compared with fresh seeds in all genotypes. In fresh seeds, the <i>T<sub>l(50) </sub></i>and <i>T<sub>h(50)</sub></i> for various genotypes ranged from 3.61 to 6.5<sup>o</sup>C and 25.0 to 29.0<sup>o</sup>C, respectively and ranged from 0.2 to 1.8<sup>o</sup>C and 35 to 41.0<sup>o</sup>C in non-dormant seeds. Thus, fresh seeds of <i>B. napus</i> are dormant at dispersal and adopt delayed germination strategies to avoid summer drought. In the burial experiment, the results indicated that<i> B. napus</i> must have D/ND cycle in which fresh seeds first become dormant and then the cycle begins (CD → D ↔ CD ↔ ND), thus adopting both risk-prone and risk- adverse strategies to spread the likelihood of survival over time.</p>
Data from: Maternal environment affects the genetic basis of seed dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Effects of primary seed dormancy on life-time fitness of Arabidopsis thaliana in the field
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