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98 results for “selective pressure”
Data from: Frequency-dependent and correlational selection pressures have conflicting consequences for assortative mating in a color-polymorphic lizard, Uta stansburiana
Genetically determined polymorphisms incorporating multiple traits can persist in nature under chronic, fluctuating and sometimes conflicting selection pressures. Balancing selection among morphs preserves equilibrium frequencies, while correlational selection maintains favorable trait combinations within each morph. Under negative frequency-dependent selection, females should mate (often disassortatively) with rare male morphotypes to produce conditionally fit offspring. Conversely, under correlational selection, females should mate assortatively to preserve coadapted gene complexes and avoid ontogenetic conflict. Using controlled breeding designs, we evaluated consequences of assortative mating patterns in color-polymorphic side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana), to identify conflict between these sources of selection. Females who mated disassortatively, and to conditionally high quality males in the context of frequency-dependent selection, experienced highest fertility rates. In contrast, assortatively-mated females experienced higher fetal viability rates. The trade-off between fertility and egg viability resulted in no overall fitness benefit to either assortative or disassortative mating patterns. These results suggest that ongoing conflict between correlational and frequency dependent selection in polymorphic populations may generate a trade-off between rare-morph advantage and phenotypic integration, and between assortative and disassortative mating decisions. More generally, interactions among multiple sources of diversity-promoting selection can alter adaptations and dynamics predicted to arise under any of these regimes alone.
Data from: Reduction of the pectoral spine and girdle in domesticated Channel Catfish is likely caused by changes in selection pressure
Locked pectoral spines of the Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus more than double the fish's width and complicate ingestion by gape-limited predators. The spine mates with the pectoral girdle, a robust structure that anchors the spine. This study demonstrates that both spine and girdle exhibit negative allometric growth and that pectoral spines and girdles are lighter in domesticated than in wild Channel Catfish. This finding could be explained by changes in selection pressure for spine growth during domestication or by an epigenetic effect in which exposure to predators in wild fish stimulates pectoral growth. We tested the epigenetic hypothesis by exposing domesticated Channel Catfish fingerlings to Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides predators for 13 weeks. Spines and girdles grow isometrically in the fingerlings, and regression analysis indicates no difference in proportional pectoral growth between control and predator-exposed fish. Therefore a change in selection pressure likely accounts for smaller pectoral growth in domesticated Channel Catfish. Decreasing spine growth in older fish suggests anti-predator functions are most important in smaller fish. Additionally, growth of the appendicular and axial skeleton is controlled differentially, and mechanical properties of the spine and not just its length are an important component of this defensive adaptation.
Data from: Macroevolutionary patterning in glucocorticoids suggests different selective pressures shape baseline and stress-induced levels
Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones are important phenotypic mediators across vertebrates, but their circulating concentrations can vary markedly. Here we investigate macroevolutionary patterning in GC levels across tetrapods by testing seven specific hypotheses about GC variation, and evaluating whether the supported hypotheses reveal consistent patterns in GC evolution. If selection generally favors the "supportive" role of GCs in responding effectively to challenges, then baseline and/or stress-induced GCs may be higher in challenging contexts. Alternatively, if selection generally favors "protection" from GC-induced costs, GCs may be lower in environments where challenges are more common or severe. The predictors of baseline GCs were all consistent with supportive effects: levels were higher in smaller organisms, and in those inhabiting more energetically demanding environments. During breeding, baseline GCs were also higher in populations and species with fewer lifetime opportunities to reproduce. The predictors of stress-induced GCs were instead more consistent with the protection hypothesis: during breeding, levels were lower in organisms with fewer lifetime reproductive opportunities. Overall, these patterns indicate a surprising degree of consistency in how some selective pressures shape GCs across broad taxonomic scales; at the same time, in challenging environments selection appears to operate on baseline and stress-induced GCs in distinct ways.
Data from: Temporal genetic stability in natural populations of the waterflea Daphnia magna in response to strong selection pressure
Studies monitoring changes in genetic diversity and composition through time allow a unique understanding of evolutionary dynamics and persistence of natural populations. However, such studies are often limited to species with short generation times that can be propagated in the laboratory or few exceptional cases in the wild. Species that produce dormant stages provide powerful models for the reconstruction of evolutionary dynamics in the natural environment. A remaining open question is to what extent dormant egg banks are an unbiased representation of populations and hence of the species' evolutionary potential, especially in presence of strong environmental selection. We address this key question using the water flea Daphnia magna, which produces dormant stages that accumulate in biological archives over time. We assess temporal genetic stability in three biological archives, previously used in resurrection ecology studies showing adaptive evolutionary responses to rapid environmental change. We show that neutral genetic diversity does not decline with the age of the population and it is maintained in presence of strong selection. In addition, by comparing temporal genetic stability in hatched and unhatched populations from the same biological archive, we show that dormant egg banks can be consulted to obtain a reliable measure of genetic diversity over time, at least in the multi-decadal time frame studied here. The stability of neutral genetic diversity through time is likely mediated by the buffering effect of the resting egg bank.
Under pressure: Evidence for selection on color-related genes in poison frogs of the genus Ranitomeya
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Supplementary data for: Identification of genes, cell types, and phenotypes under selective pressure across primate evolution
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Calculation of CPSD curves based on time-varying suspension pressure for selected soils
<p>This is a dataset for publication <em>Equation for determining cumulative particle size distribution using the pressure of a sedimenting suspension</em></p>
Millennial-Scale Microbiome Analysis Reveals Ancient Antimicrobial Resistance Conserved Despite Modern Selection Pressures
<p>This dataset contains metadata and profiled antibiotic resistance genes from ancient metagenome permafrost.</p>
Fig. 4 in Turtle and tortoise mitogenomes under contrasting positive selection pressure
Fig. 4 Graphical representation denoting the distribution of PSS in Testudinoidean lineages across the OXPHOS system. All the 12 mitochondrial PCGs encoding the OXPHOS system were projected onto homologous protein structures and are represented in different colours. Grey structures represent the entire OXPHOS complex and no solved crystallized structures were available for the ATP8 gene. The NAD3 gene (lemon green) represents sites under positive selection across all Testudinoidean lineages as detected by random sites analysis. The rest of the genes, NAD1 (hot pink), NAD2 (yellow),
Fig. 2 in Turtle and tortoise mitogenomes under contrasting positive selection pressure
Fig. 2 Gene-wise estimates of dN/dS for the concatenated data set of 12 PCGs using M8a-M8 nested random site models. The y-axis denotes BEB posterior mean estimate of dN/dS for each site, with
Dataset for: Tameness selection pressure affects gut virome diversity in mice
<p>This dataset comprises a non-redundant set of wild hetrogenouse stock mice virome (WHS-MV) cataleogue of 6,078 vOTUs. All 80 raw shotgun metagenomic sequencing datasets (150 bp reads) used to generate WHS-MV catalogues are available in the NCBI under BioProject PRJDB15857 with BioSample accession numbers from SAMD00614304 to SAMD00614383 and SRA accession numbers from DRR480456 to DRR480535. Raw shotgun metagenomic sequencing datasets of four samples (250 bp reads) are available under BioProject PRJDB18588, with BioSample accession numbers SAMD00805331 to SAMD00805334 and SRA accession numbers DRR585793 to DRR585796.</p>
Contrasting selection pressure on body and weapon size in a polygynous megaherbivore
<p>Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is a common morphological trait in ungulates, with polygyny considered the leading driver of larger male body mass and weapon size. However, not all polygynous species exhibit SSD, while molecular evidence has revealed a more complex relationship between paternity and mating system than originally predicted. SSD is, therefore, likely to be shaped by a range of social, ecological and physiological factors. We present the first definitive analysis of SSD in the common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius ) using a unique morphological dataset collected from 2994 aged individuals. The results confirm that hippos exhibit SSD, but the mean body mass differed by only 5% between the sexes, which is rather limited compared with many other polygynous ungulates. However, jaw and canine mass are significantly greater in males than females (44% and 81% heavier, respectively), highlighting the considerable selection pressure for acquiring larger weapons. A predominantly aquatic lifestyle coupled with the physiological limitations of their foregut fermenting morphology likely restricts body size differences between the sexes. Indeed, hippos appear to be a rare example among ungulates whereby sexual selection favours increased weapon size over body mass, underlining the important role that species-specific ecology and physiology have in shaping SSD.</p>
A Prospective Study on the Efficacy of Direct Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (DSLT) in Achieving >20% Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Reduction Without Medications at 6 Months in Naive, Untreated Glaucoma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07076303. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Effect of Selective and Nonselective Cyclooxygenase Enzyme Inhibition on Arterial Blood Pressure and Cerebral Blood Flow With Exposure to Intermittent Hypoxia in Humans
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01280006. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Potential Pulmonary Benefit of Low Pressure Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Selected Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04670952. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Lowering Effect of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty Versus Prostaglandin Analogues in Angle Closure Glaucoma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01004900. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Sexual shape dimorphism and selection pressure on males in fossil ostracodes
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Data from: Energetic benefits and adaptations in mammalian limbs: scale effects and selective pressures
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Data from: When Bergmann's rule fails: evidences of environmental selection pressures shaping phenotypic diversification in a widespread seabird
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Data from: Shared selective pressure and local genomic landscape lead to repeatable patterns of genomic divergence in sunflowers
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.