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68 results for “shell evolution”
Fig. 2 in Phylogenetic reconstruction based on COI reshuffles the taxonomy of hyalosphenid shelled (testate) amoebae and reveals the convoluted evolution of shell plate shapes
Fig. 2. Light micrographs of barcoded Quadrulella variabilis sp. nov. cells: (a) cell Q-54; (b) cell Q-48; (c) cell Q-52; (d) cell Q-101; (e) cell Q-98; (f) cell Q-53. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Fig. 9 in Phylogenetic reconstruction based on COI reshuffles the taxonomy of hyalosphenid shelled (testate) amoebae and reveals the convoluted evolution of shell plate shapes
Fig. 9. Maximum likelihood bootstrap consensus tree of 34 Quadrulella COI sequences and 71 other hyalosphenid sequences based on a 684- nucleotide position alignment. The numbers along the branches represent respectively the bootstrap values obtained by maximum-likelihood analysis, posterior probability values obtain by Bayesian analysis and parsimony scores obtain by maximum parsimony analysis. Only values above 50/0.50/50 are shown. The tree is rooted with the Padaungiella–Alocodera group. The scale bar corresponds to the mean number of nucleotide substitutions per site on the respective branch.
Fig. 8 in Phylogenetic reconstruction based on COI reshuffles the taxonomy of hyalosphenid shelled (testate) amoebae and reveals the convoluted evolution of shell plate shapes
Fig. 8. Scanning electron micrographs illustrating morphological variations within the Quadrulella cf. symmetrica morphospecies. (a) Q. cf. symmetrica_BG from Bulgaria; (b) Q. cf. symmetrica_CA from Canada; (c) Q. cf. symmetrica_CH from Switzerland; (d) Q. variabilis with a long neck (ex: Q. longicollis) from Bulgaria. Scale bars = 20 µm. Image from Kosakyan et al. (2012) with permission from the editor.
Figure 1 in The balanced life: evolution of ventral shell weighting in gastropods
Figure 1. Examples of Recent gastropods with a ventral callus. All specimens are in the Vermeij collection. A, Monetarla caputserpentis Linnaeus, 1758 (Cypraeidae), reef off Nchesar, Babeldaob, Palau, collected 5 September 1975; cypraeiform callus. B, Cypraecassis testiculus Linnaeus, 1758 (Cassidae), grassbeds, Isla Galeta, Atlantic Panama, collected 12 April 1975; cassiform callus. C, Vasum rhinoceros Gmelin, 1791 (Vasidae), in grassbeds, Klkambala, Kenya, collected June 1972; modified cassiform callus. D, Gutturnium muriclnum Roding, 1798 (Cymatlidae), at depth of 4 m lying on its dorsal side, northeast coast of Urukthape1, Palau, collected 19 June 1984 by Roy K. Kropp; modified cassiform callus. E, Polinices mammilla Linnaeus, 1758 (Naticidae), Cocotiers beach, Nosy-Be, Madagascar, collected 29 June 1972; pseudoliviform callus. F, Phrontis luteostoma Broderip & Sowerby, 1829 (Nassariidae), Playa Venado, Pacific Panama, collected 28 August 1969; cassiform callus. G, Ministrombus variabilis Swainson, 1820 (Strombldae), depth of 12 m, Malakal, Palau, collected 9 July 1984 by Roy K. Kropp; modified cassiform callus. H, Nassarius pullus Linnaeus, 1758 (Nassariidae), grassbed, Taneti Island, Maluku, Indonesia, collected 12 July 1979; cassiform callus. I, Linnerita polita Linnaeus, 1758 (Neritidae), Tagachan Point, Guam, collected 26 May 1981; modified cassiform callus. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Supplementary material 1 from: Salvador RB, Breure ASH (2024) Pilsbrylia, a dextral-shelled door snail from South America (Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 100(1): 9-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.110105
Table listing all species used in the present analysis, including information on their locality of origin and GenBank accession numbers
Figure 1 in The balanced life: evolution of ventral shell weighting in gastropods
Figure 1. Examples of Recent gastropods with a ventral callus. All specimens are in the Vermeij collection. A, Monetarla caputserpentis Linnaeus, 1758 (Cypraeidae), reef off Nchesar, Babeldaob, Palau, collected 5 September 1975; cypraeiform callus. B, Cypraecassis testiculus Linnaeus, 1758 (Cassidae), grassbeds, Isla Galeta, Atlantic Panama, collected 12 April 1975; cassiform callus. C, Vasum rhinoceros Gmelin, 1791 (Vasidae), in grassbeds, Klkambala, Kenya, collected June 1972; modified cassiform callus. D, Gutturnium muriclnum Roding, 1798 (Cymatlidae), at depth of 4 m lying on its dorsal side, northeast coast of Urukthape1, Palau, collected 19 June 1984 by Roy K. Kropp; modified cassiform callus. E, Polinices mammilla Linnaeus, 1758 (Naticidae), Cocotiers beach, Nosy-Be, Madagascar, collected 29 June 1972; pseudoliviform callus. F, Phrontis luteostoma Broderip & Sowerby, 1829 (Nassariidae), Playa Venado, Pacific Panama, collected 28 August 1969; cassiform callus. G, Ministrombus variabilis Swainson, 1820 (Strombldae), depth of 12 m, Malakal, Palau, collected 9 July 1984 by Roy K. Kropp; modified cassiform callus. H, Nassarius pullus Linnaeus, 1758 (Nassariidae), grassbed, Taneti Island, Maluku, Indonesia, collected 12 July 1979; cassiform callus. I, Linnerita polita Linnaeus, 1758 (Neritidae), Tagachan Point, Guam, collected 26 May 1981; modified cassiform callus. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Data from: Correlation of shell phenotype and local environment suggests a role for natural selection in the evolution of Placostylus snails
The giant edible Placostylus snails of New Caledonia occur across a wide range of environmental conditions, from the dry southwest to the wetter central and northeastern regions. In large, slow-moving animals such as Placostylus, speciation could be assumed to be largely driven by allopatry and genetic drift as opposed to natural selection. We examined variation in shell morphology using geometric morphometrics and genetic structure within two species of Placostylus (P. fibratus, P. porphyrostomus), to determine the drivers of diversity in this group. Despite the current patchy distribution of snails on New Caledonia, both mtDNA and nuclear SNP data sets (>3000 loci) showed weak admixing between populations and species. Shell morphology was concordant with the genetic clusters we identified and had a strong relationship with local environment. The genetic data, in contrast to the morphological data, did not show concordance with climatic conditions, suggesting the snails are not limited in their ability to adapt to different environments. In sympatry, P. fibratus and P. porphyrostomus maintained genetic and morphological differences, suggesting a genetic basis of phenotypic variation. Convergence of shell shape was observed in two adjacent populations that are genetically isolated but experience similar habitat and climatic conditions. Conversely, some populations in contrasting environments were morphologically distinct although genetically indistinguishable. We infer that morphological divergence in the Placostylus snails of New Caledonia is mediated by adaptation to the local environment.
Convergent evolution of barnacles and molluscs sheds lights in origin and diversification of calcareous shell and sessile lifestyle
<p><span>The calcareous shell and sessile lifestyle are the representative phenotypes of many molluscs, which happen to be present in barnacles, a group of unique crustaceans. The origin of these phenotypes is unclear, but it may be embodied in the convergent genetics of such distant groups (interphylum). </span><span>Herein, we perform comprehensive comparative genomics analysis in barnacles and molluscs, and reveal a genome-wide strong convergent molecular evolution between them, including coexpansion of biomineralisation and organic matrix genes for shell formation, and origination of lineage-specific orphan genes for settlement. Notably, the expanded biomineralisation gene encoding alkaline phosphatase evolves a novel, highly conserved motif that may trigger the origin of barnacle shell formation. Unlike molluscs, barnacles adopt novel organic matrices and cement proteins for shell formation and settlement, respectively, and their calcareous shells have potentially originated from the cuticle system of crustaceans. Therefore, our study corroborates the idea that selection pressures driving convergent evolution may strongly act in organisms inhabiting similar environments regardless of phylogenetic distance. The convergence signatures shed light on the origin of the shell and sessile lifestyle of barnacles and molluscs. In addition, notable nonconvergence signatures are also present and may contribute to morphological and functional specificities.</span></p>
Figure 17 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 17. Anatomy of Radomaniola nachtigallae sp. nov. A–H, paratypes (UGSB 18857). A, ctenidium and osphradium. B, stomach. C, partial nervous system. D, pallial oviduct. E, bursa copulatrix and seminal receptacles. F, head of male and penis. G, penis. H, prostate gland.
Figure 21 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 21. Anatomy of Radomaniola szarowskae sp. nov. A–H, paratypes (UGSB 18566). A, ctenidium and osphradium. B, stomach. C, partial nervous system. D, pallial oviduct. E, bursa copulatrix and seminal receptacles. F, head of male and penis. G, penis. H, prostate gland.
Figure 13 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 13. Anatomy of Radomaniola dolens sp. nov. A–H, paratypes (UGSB 16932). A, ctenidium and osphradium. B, stomach. C, partial nervous system. D, pallial oviduct. E, bursa copulatrix and seminal receptacles. F, head of male and penis. G, penis. H, prostate gland.
Figure 16 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 16. Shells, operculum and radulae of Radomaniola nachtigallae sp. nov. A, B, holotype (MNCN 15.05/200165). C–J, paratypes (UGSB 18857). C, D, shells. E, F, operculum (E, inner side; F, outer side). G, protoconch. H, portion of radula ribbon. I, central radular teeth. J, outer marginal teeth.
Figure 24 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 24. Shells, operculum and radulae of Radomaniola wolffi sp. nov. A, B, holotype (MNCN 15.05/200171). C–J, paratypes (UGSB 19533). C, D, shells. E, F, operculum (E, inner side; F, outer side). G, protoconch. H, portion of radula ribbon. I, central radular teeth. J, outer marginal teeth.
Figure 19 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 19. Anatomy of Radomaniola pesici sp. nov. A–H, paratypes (UGSB 19048). A, ctenidium and osphradium. B, stomach. C, partial nervous system. D, pallial oviduct. E, bursa copulatrix and seminal receptacles. F, head of male and penis. G, penis. H, prostate gland.
Figure 11 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 11. Anatomy of Radomaniola curta maxima subsp. nov. A–H, paratypes (UGSB 19540). A, ctenidium and osphradium. B, stomach. C, partial nervous system. D, pallial oviduct. E, bursa copulatrix and seminal receptacles. F, head of male and penis. G, penis. H, prostate gland.
Figure 8 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 8. Shells, operculum and radulae of Radomaniola curta omblensis subsp. nov. A, B, holotype (MNCN 15.05/200155). C–J, paratypes (UGSB 18778). C, D, shells. E, F, operculum (E, inner side; F, outer side). G, protoconch. H, portion of radula ribbon. I, central radular teeth. J, outer marginal teeth.
Figure 6 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 6. Shells, operculum and radulae of Radomaniola curta montenegrensis subsp. nov. A, B, holotype (MNCN 15.05/200157). C, paratype (UGSB 19515). D, shell (UGSB 19043). E–J, paratypes (UGSB 19515). E, F, operculum (E, inner side; F, outer side). G, protoconch. H, portion of radula ribbon. I, central radular teeth. J, outer marginal teeth.
Figure 5 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 5. Anatomy of Radomaniola curta meridionalis subsp. nov. A–F, holotype (MNCN 15.05/200152). A, ctenidium and osphradium. B, stomach. C, partial nervous system. D, head of male and penis. E, penis. F, prostate gland.
Figure 4 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 4. Shells, operculum and radulae of Radomaniola curta meridionalis subsp. nov. A, B, holotype (MNCN 15.05/200152). C, D, shell (UGSB 14439). E–J, holotype (MNCN 15.05/200152). E, F, operculum (E, inner side; F, outer side). G, protoconch. H, portion of radula ribbon. I, central radular teeth. J, outer marginal teeth.
Figure 7 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 7. Anatomy of Radomaniola curta montenegrensis subsp. nov. A–E, H, I, L, paratypes (UGSB 19515). F, G, J, K, UGSB 19043. A, ctenidium and osphradium. B, stomach. C, partial nervous system. D, F, pallial oviduct. E, G, bursa copulatrix and seminal receptacles. H, J, head of male and penis. I, K, penis. L, prostate gland.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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