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101 results for “signal detection”
Figure 4 in Natural noise affects conspecific signal detection and territorial defense behaviors in songbirds
Figure 4 Spotted towhee predictors from the AICc top model for PC1approach (a), PC2fly (b), and PC3song (c). (a) Towhees approach more slowly and maintain a greater distance from the speaker as sound level increases. Shading represents 95% CI and rug plot denotes sound level of individual trials. California spotted towhees fly more frequently on control trials (b) and display a weaker song response during treatment-off trials (c) than on all other trials, within and among populations (see [a] for color legend). (b–c) Violins denote kernel density probabilities differentiated by trial type (x axis) and population (color), with means (±1 SE) connected by dotted line; boxplots denote median and quartiles, and whiskers show 1.5 times the interquartile range; points represent individual trials; and asterisks denote significant contrasts corresponding to 95% CIs (see Supplementary Appendix Table A3 for values). Data displayed as untransformed components.
Figure 2 in Natural noise affects conspecific signal detection and territorial defense behaviors in songbirds
Figure 2 Site design schematic of Idaho and California study areas. Tripods represent loudspeaker setups. aAny trial with chorusing cicadas was counted as cicada treatment, regardless of the trial type (treatment-on, treatment-off, control). bControl sites had the same layout as treatment sites, but with mock loudspeaker setups. cWe excluded cicada trials from analysis for spotted towhees due to low sample size.
Figure 3 in Natural noise affects conspecific signal detection and territorial defense behaviors in songbirds
Figure 3 Lazuli bunting predictors from the AICc top model for PC1fly (a) and PC3approach (b) response variables. (a) Buntings fly more as sound level increases in the presence of cicada noise (dashed line) and fly less as sound level increases in the absence of cicada noise (solid line). Rug plot indicates sound level for individual trials differentiated by presence/absence of cicadas (see [b] for color legend). (b) As sound level increases, buntings approach the conspecific speaker more slowly and maintain a greater distance from it. (a & b) Shaded bands denote 95% CIs. Data displayed as untransformed components.
Figure 1 in Natural noise affects conspecific signal detection and territorial defense behaviors in songbirds
Figure 1 Spectrograms (a) of spotted towhee song (left) and lazuli bunting song (right) in quiet control conditions. (b) Power spectra of the three treatments are overlayed with bunting and towhee song power spectra. Power spectra are normalized to a relative peak amplitude of 70 dB (re 1 dimensionless sample units). Treatment noise and song spectra overlap substantially, suggesting high masking potential.
Experimental data analyzed in: Signal detection models as contextual bandits
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Detecting phylogenetic signal and adaptation in papionin cranial shape by decomposing variation at different spatial scales
<p>Phylogenetic reconstruction based on morphometric data is hampered by homoplasies. For example, many similarities in cranial form between primate taxa more strongly reflect ecological similarities rather than phylogenetic relatedness. However, the way in which the different cranial bones constitute cranial form is, if at all, of less functional relevance and thus largely hidden from selection. We propose that these "constructional details" are better indicators of phylogenetic history than any large-scale shape feature or raw form variable. Within a geometric morphometric context, we show how to analyze the relative extent of bones independently of differences in overall shape. We also show how to decompose total shape variation into small-scale and large-scale shape variation. We apply both methods to the midsagittal cranial morphology of papionin monkeys, which are well known for the discrepancy between morphological similarities and phylogenetic relationships. We study phylogenetic signal and functional adaptation using a molecular phylogeny and contextual data on feeding ecology and locomotor behavior. As expected, total cranial shape, bone outline shape, and large-scale shape features were only weakly associated with phylogenetic distance. But the relative bone contributions and small-scale shape features were both highly correlated with phylogenetic distances. By contrast, the association with ecological and behavioral variables was strongest for the outline shape and large-scale shape features. Studies of morphological adaptation and phylogenetic history thus profit from a decomposition of shape variation into different spatial scales.</p>
Data from: Detecting signals of chronic shedding to explain pathogen persistence: Leptospira interrogans in California sea lions
Identifying mechanisms driving pathogen persistence is a vital component of wildlife disease ecology and control. Asymptomatic, chronically infected individuals are an oft-cited potential reservoir of infection but demonstrations of the importance of chronic shedding to pathogen persistence at the population level remain scarce. Studying chronic shedding using commonly collected disease data is hampered by numerous challenges, including short-term surveillance that focuses on single epidemics and acutely ill individuals, the subtle dynamical influence of chronic shedding relative to more obvious epidemic drivers, and poor ability to differentiate between the effects of population prevalence of chronic shedding versus intensity and duration of chronic shedding in individuals. We use chronic shedding of Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) as a case study to illustrate how these challenges can be addressed. Using leptospirosis-induced strands as a measure of disease incidence, we fit models with and without chronic shedding, and with different seasonal drivers, to determine the timescale over which chronic shedding is detectable and the interactions between chronic shedding and seasonal drivers needed to explain persistence and outbreak patterns. Chronic shedding can enable persistence of L. interrogans within the sea lion population. However, the importance of chronic shedding was only apparent when surveillance data included at least two outbreaks and the intervening inter-epidemic trough during which fadeout of transmission was most likely. Seasonal transmission, as opposed to seasonal recruitment of susceptibles, was the dominant driver of seasonality in this system, and both seasonal factors had limited impact on long-term pathogen persistence. We show that the temporal extent of surveillance data can have a dramatic impact on inferences about population processes, where the failure to identify both short- and long-term ecological drivers can have cascading impacts on understanding higher-order ecological phenomena, such as pathogen persistence.
The signal detection problem of aposematic prey revisited: integrating prior social and personal experience
<p>Data collected during three separate experiments using the "novel world" (Alatalo & Mappes, Nature 1996) approach to test how social information changes predator discrimination of novel aposematic prey from a cryptic palatable alternative. Experiments were conducted with great tits (<em>Parus major</em>), captured from the wild and released afterwards, at the University of Jyväskylä Research Station, Konnevesi, Finland (62.6° N, 26.3° E) during three winters (2013-2014, 2016-2017, 2017-2018). Social information was provided by video playback of a demonstrator (adult male) showing an aversive behavioural response to a novel prey signal before observers (juveniles, adults, males, females) searched for prey signals against a background in either an aviary or in a "miniature novel world" in an experimental holding box.</p>
Data from "Spontaneous alpha power lateralization predicts detection performance in an un-cued signal detection task", PlosOne2016
<p>32-channel(+6) data (Biosemi Active two, 10-20, 2048Hz) unfiltered from the 2016 Plos ONE paper "Spontaneous alpha power lateralization predicts detection performance in an un-cued signal detection task"</p>
Natural noise affects conspecific signal detection and territorial defense behaviors in songbirds
<p>Recent research suggests that anthropogenic noise can substantially alter animal behavior. Although there are many sources of natural background noise, the relative influence of these sounds on behavior has received much less attention. Using landscape-scale playbacks of rushing rivers and crashing ocean surf, we investigated how habitat appropriate natural noise alters territorial defense behaviors in lazuli buntings (<i>Passerina amoena</i>) occupying riparian areas and spotted towhees (<i>Pipilo maculatus</i>) in riparian and coastal areas when exposed to simulated intruder song. We also incorporated naturally occurring cicada noise as an acoustic source influencing lazuli bunting behavior. Both songbird species possess songs that share substantial spectral overlap with low-frequency, water-generated noise, and lazuli bunting song shares an additional high-frequency overlap with cicada calls. Thus, there is potential for background acoustic conditions to mask conspecific signals. We found that detection and discrimination of conspecific playback occurred more slowly for both species as background sound level increased. Lazuli buntings also exhibited complex flight behavior in noise, suggesting they respond differently depending on the amplitude and type (with versus without cicada calls) of background noise. Our results suggest natural noise can impair territorial defense behaviors in songbirds, highlighting natural soundscapes as an under-appreciated axis of the environment.</p>
Does scent attractiveness reveal women's ovulatory timing? Evidence from signal detection analyses and endocrine predictors of odor attractiveness
<p>Odor cues associated with shifts in ovarian hormones indicate ovulatory timing in females of many nonhuman species. Although prior evidence supports women's body odors smelling more attractive on days when conception is possible, that research has left ambiguous how diagnostic of ovulatory timing odor cues are, as well as whether shifts in odor attractiveness are correlated with shifts in ovarian hormones. Here, 46 women each provided 6 overnight scent and corresponding day saliva samples spaced 5 days apart, and completed luteinizing hormone tests to determine ovulatory timing. Scent samples collected near ovulation were rated more attractive, on average, relative to samples from the same women collected on other days. Importantly, however, signal detection analyses showed that rater discrimination of fertile window timing from odor attractiveness ratings was very poor. Within-women shifts in salivary estradiol and progesterone were not significantly associated with within-women shifts in odor attractiveness. Between-women, mean estradiol was positively associated with mean odor attractiveness. Our findings suggest that raters cannot reliably detect women's ovulatory timing from their scent attractiveness. The between-women effect of estradiol raises the possibility that women's scents provide information about overall cycle fecundity, though further research is necessary to rigorously investigate this possibility.</p>
Data from: Signal detection shapes ornament allometry in functionally convergent Caribbean Anolis and Southeast Asian Draco lizards
<p>Visual ornaments have long been assumed to evolve hyper-allometry as an outcome of sexual selection. Yet growing evidence suggests many sexually-selected morphologies can exhibit other scaling patterns with body size, including hypo-allometry. The large conspicuous throat fan, or dewlap, of arboreal Caribbean Anolis lizards was one ornament previously thought to conform to the classical expectation of hyper-allometry. We re-evaluated this classic example alongside a second arboreal group of lizards that has also independently evolved a functionally equivalent dewlap, the Southeast Asian Draco lizards. Across multiple closely-related species in both genera, the Anolis and Draco dewlaps were either isometric or had hypo-allometric scaling patterns. In the case of the Anolis dewlap, variation in dewlap allometry was predicted by the distance of conspecifics and the light environment in which the dewlap was typically viewed. Signal efficacy therefore appears to have driven the evolution of hypo-allometry in what was originally thought to be a sexually-selected ornament with hyper-allometry. Our findings suggest that other elaborate morphological structures used in social communication might similarly exhibit isometric or hypo-allometric scaling patterns because of environmental constraints on signal detection.</p>
Optimizing the detection of biological signals through a semi-automated feature selection tool
<p>This repository contains the .xml files generated by the MZmine (Schmid et al., 2023) software version 2.53 during the preprocessing of the raw data (.raw) according to the recommendations of the 2007 Metabolomics Standards Initiative (Summer et al., 2007).</p> <p> </p> <p>Schmid R et al. Integrative analysis of multimodal mass spectrometry data in MZmine 3. Nat Biotechnol. 2023 Apr;41(4):447-449.</p> <p>Sumner et al. Proposed minimum reporting standards for chemical analysis Chemical Analysis Working Group (CAWG) Metabolomics Standards Initiative (MSI). Metabolomics. 2007 Sep;3(3):211-221. </p>
Binaural detection thresholds and audio quality of speech and music signals in complex acoustic environments
<p>Every-day acoustical environments are often complex, typically comprising one attended target sound in the presence of interfering sounds (e.g., disturbing conversations) and reverberation. Here we assessed binaural detection thresholds and (supra-threshold) binaural audio quality ratings of four distortions types: spectral ripples, non-linear saturation, intensity and spatial modifications applied to speech, guitar, and noise targets in such complex acoustic environments (CAEs). The target and (up to) two masker sounds were either co-located as if contained in a common audio stream, or were spatially separated as if originating from different sound sources. The amount of reverberation was systematically varied. Masker and reverberation had a significant effect on the distortion-detection thresholds of speech signals. Quality ratings were affected by reverberation, whereas the effect of maskers depended on the distortion. The results suggest that detection thresholds and quality ratings for distorted speech in anechoic conditions are also valid for rooms with mild reverberation, but not for moderate reverberation. Furthermore, for spectral ripples, a significant relationship between the listeners’ individual detection thresholds and quality ratings was found. The current results provide baseline data for detection thresholds and audio quality ratings of different distortions of a target sound in CAEs, supporting the future development of binaural auditory models.</p>
Reproducibility Report for the paper "Vibration signal-assisted endpoint detection for long-stretch, ultraprecision polishing processes"
<p>This reproducibility report includes the datasets and computer code used for reproducing the results in the paper, Jin, Bukkapatnam, Hayes, and Ding, 2023, “Vibration signal-assisted endpoint detection for long-stretch, ultraprecision polishing processes,” <em>ASME Transactions, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering</em>, Vol.145, pp. 061007.</p>
Signal detection theory applied to giant pandas: Do pandas go out of their way to make sure their scent marks are found?
<p><span>Inter-animal communication allows signals released by an animal to be perceived by others. Scent-marking is the primary mode of such communication in giant pandas </span><span>(<em>Ailuropoda melanoleuca</em>)</span><span>. Signal detection theory propounds that animals choose the substrate and location of their scent marks so that the signals released are transmitted more widely and last longer. We believe that pandas trade off scent-marking because they are an energetically marginal species and it is costly to generate and mark chemical signals. Existing studies only indicate where pandas mark more frequently, but their selection preferences remain unknown. This study investigates whether the marking behavior of pandas is consistent with signal detection theory. Feces count, reflecting habitat use intensity, was combined with mark count to determine the selection preference for marking. The results showed that pandas preferred to mark ridges with animal trails and that most marked tree species were locally dominant. In addition, marked plots and species were selected for lower energy consumption and a higher chance of being detected. Over 90% of the marks used were the longest-surviving anogenital gland secretion marks, and over 80% of the marks were oriented toward animal trails. Our research demonstrates that pandas go out of their way to make sure their marks are found. This study not only sheds light on the mechanisms of scent-marking by pandas but also guides us toward more precise conservation of the panda habitat.</span></p>
Data sets for "On the detection of a solar radio burst event that occurred on 28 August 2022 and its effect on GNSS signals as observed by ionospheric scintillation monitors distributed over the American sector" by Wright et al.
<p>Copy of data described in 'On the detection of a solar radio burst event that occurred on 28 August 2022 and its effect on GNSS signals as observed by ionospheric scintillation monitors distributed over the American sector' by Wright et. al and to appear in the Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate (JSWSC), 2023.</p><p> </p>
The signal detection problem of aposematic prey revisited: integrating prior social and personal experience
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Does scent attractiveness reveal women’s ovulatory timing? Evidence from signal detection analyses and endocrine predictors of odor attractiveness
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Signal detection shapes ornament allometry in functionally convergent Caribbean Anolis and Southeast Asian Draco lizards
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.