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78 results for “site fidelity”
Dataset for: Breeding populations of Marbled Godwits and Willets have high annual survival and strong site fidelity to managed wetlands
<p><span>The Prairie Pothole Region of central Canada supports a diverse community of breeding waterbirds but many species have declining populations and the demographic mechanisms driving the declines remain unknown. We conducted a 7-year field study during 1995–2001 to investigate the demographic performance of Marbled Godwits (<em>Limosa</em> <em>fedoa</em>) and Willets (<em>Tringa</em> <em>semipalmata</em>) breeding in managed wetlands near Brooks, Alberta. Mark-recapture analyses based on Cormack-Jolly-Seber models revealed that the annual rates of apparent survival for Marbled Godwits (phi-hat = 0.934 </span><span>±</span><span> 0.015SE) and Willets (phi-hat = 0.849 </span><span>±</span><span> 0.018SE) are among the highest rates of survivorship reported for any breeding or nonbreeding population of large-bodied shorebirds. Our estimates of life expectancy for males were comparable to longevity records in godwits (E-hat = 17.3 years </span><span>±</span><span> 5.8SE vs. 25-29+ years) and Willets (E- hat = 7.7 </span><span>±</span><span> 1.5SE vs. 10+ years). The two species both showed strong breeding site fidelity but differed in rates of mate fidelity. Pairs that reunited and males that switched mates usually nested <300 m from their previous nests whereas females that switched mates usually moved longer distances >1.1 to 1.5 km. Returning pairs usually reunited in godwits (85%) but not in Willets (28%), possibly because of species differences in adult survival or patterns of migration. Baseline estimates of annual survival for banded-only birds will be useful for evaluating the potential effects of new tracking tags or the environmental changes that have occurred during the past 20 years. Conservation strategies for large-bodied shorebirds should be focused on reduction of exposure to anthropogenic mortality because low rates of natural mortality suggest that losses to collisions at breeding sites or harvest at nonbreeding areas are likely to cause additive mortality.</span></p>
Web decoration is important in mediating foraging site fidelity as well as prey availability and predation risk in an orb-web spider
<p>Animals may consider both biotic and abiotic factors in foraging site choice. Among the biotic factors, food availability and predation risk are two widely reported important factors in determining foraging site fidelity. Their earlier investments, such as those retreat-building species' efforts in retreats construction, however, have been largely ignored. The orb-web spider <em>Cyclosa monticola</em> constructs a long column of masquerading detritus decoration in its web for predator avoidance purpose. This detritus decoration also functions as a retreat. However, the role of the detritus decoration for its foraging site fidelity is unknown. By manipulating three factors, presence of detritus decoration, prey availability, and predation risk to the spider webs in the field, we show that the self-constructed detritus decoration is as important as prey availability and predation risk in mediating web site fidelity. In addition, the web area also has a significant impact to the foraging site fidelity of the spider, those with larger webs were more likely to leave after being manipulated. However, other factors such as spider body size, decoration length, and rain all have no significant impact. Our study may strengthen the current understanding of the movement and foraging of animals, especially those building retreats.</p>
Consistent apparent adult survival and nest-site fidelity of Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada over a 40-year period
<p>Reliable estimates of adult survival for many shorebird species are lacking. We used Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) methods to provide an estimate of apparent, or local, survival (φ) of a population of Whimbrels, <em>Numenius phaeopus</em>, breeding in the subarctic Churchill, Manitoba region. We used data collected in two time periods: 1973–1976 and 2010–2014. We also quantified nest-site fidelity in 2010–2014 to provide context to our apparent survival estimates because mark-recapture analyses cannot distinguish between mortality and permanent emigration. The most parsimonious CJS model did not include effects of sex or time on apparent adult survival in either period (φ = 0.76 ± 0.13 SE; φ = 0.75 ± 0.04 SE, 1973 – 1976 and 2010 – 2014, respectively). Additionally, observations of marked Whimbrels between 2010 and 2019 (n = 124) showed that 61 of the 105 marked individuals (58.1%) were resighted. These estimates of return rates are, as expected, much lower than estimates of apparent survival. The median year-to-year distance between nests (n = 139) from 2010 to 2014 was 198 ± 88 m SE and did not differ significantly (<em>p</em> = 0.84) between females (<em>x</em> ̅ = 721.9 ± 119.8 m SE) and males (<em>x</em> ̅ = 720.3 ± 83.1 m SE). If our apparent survival estimate is indicative of true survivorship, then adult mortality during the nonbreeding season has remained constant over the last five decades, implying that the recent decline in Whimbrel populations may stem largely from reduced fecundity, including egg or juvenile survival, rather than primarily from reduced adult survival.</p>
Data and analysis code for Norton and DuVal - Causes and consequences of nest site fidelity in a tropical lekking bird: win-stay-lose-shift tactics are unrelated to subsequent success, but site-faithful females nest earlier
<p>Nest site selection influences the survival of care-giving parents and their offspring, but search costs and site availability may limit site choices. Returning to previous nest sites may reduce costs and allow parents to better avoid local predators or access familiar resources. We investigated nest site fidelity in the Lance-tailed Manakin (Chiroxiphia lanceolata), in which long-lived females raise offspring without male assistance, and found that site choices are responsive to past success but do not predict future outcomes. We compared georeferenced nest locations for the same females detected in consecutive years (245 comparisons for 138 females) and females nesting repeatedly within a year (137 comparisons for 97 females). Females were faithful to nesting sites in 13.9% of comparisons across years and 10.2% within years, and were more likely to nest again in the same site if their offspring fledged. When switching sites, females moved farther if their previous nest failed. Nest-site fidelity was unrelated to mate fidelity or female age. We then assessed whether site choice related to subsequent female survival, nest timing, or nest survival. Contrary to the hypothesis that win-stay-lose-shift tactics improve subsequent nesting outcomes, we found females were no more likely to fledge chicks or survive to a later year after they reused nest-sites. However, across years, site-faithful females nested earlier on average than females that switched sites. Early nests were more likely to fledge chicks, and early-nesting females were more likely to renest when their first nesting effort was complete. Win-stay-lose-shift tactics may allow females to avoid areas where predation is likely, but new nest sites are not safer. Females that reuse nest sites benefit from early nest initiation, which both correlates with immediate success and creates potential for longer-term benefits of fidelity through increased opportunities to renest throughout the breeding season.</p>
Data from: Loss of flockmates weakens winter site fidelity in golden-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia atricapilla)
<p>Animal social interactions have an intrinsic spatial basis—individuals must be close in space to interact, whether directly (e.g., co-occurrence, allo-grooming) or indirectly (e.g., interact with latrines or with parasites at communal nests). This presents a dilemma when determining causality: do individuals interact socially because they happen to share space, or do they share space because they are socially linked? We present a method that uses demographic turnover events as a natural experiment to investigate the links between social associations and space use in the context of inter-annual winter site fidelity in a migratory bird. We previously found that golden-crowned sparrows (<em>Zonotrichia atricapilla</em>) show consistent flocking relationships across years, and that familiarity between individuals influences the dynamics of social competition over resources. Using long-term data on winter social and spatial behavior across 10 years, we show that (i) sparrows exhibit inter-annual fidelity to winter home ranges on the scale of tens of meters and (ii) the precision of inter-annual spatial fidelity increases with age, but (iii) this fidelity is weakened when sparrows lose social partners from the previous year. Furthermore, the effect of social partner loss on spatial fidelity was higher for older birds, suggesting that social fidelity may play an increasingly important role on spatial behavior across the lifetime of this migratory bird. Our study provides evidence that social relationships can influence spatial fidelity, and shows the potential of long-term studies for disentangling the relationship between social and spatial behavior.</p>
Personality predicts foraging site fidelity and trip repeatability in a marine predator
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Home-site fidelity and homing behavior of the big-headed turtle Platysternon megacephalum
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Data from: Drivers of site fidelity in ungulates
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Dataset for: Breeding populations of Marbled Godwits and Willets have high annual survival and strong site fidelity to managed wetlands
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Data and analysis code for Norton and DuVal - Causes and consequences of nest site fidelity in a tropical lekking bird: win-stay-lose-shift tactics are unrelated to subsequent success, but site-faithful females nest earlier
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Data from: Extreme site fidelity as an optimal strategy in an unpredictable and homogeneous environment
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Web decoration is important in mediating foraging site fidelity as well as prey availability and predation risk in an orb-web spider
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Data from: Site fidelity increases reproductive success by increasing foraging efficiency in a marine predator
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Data from: Loss of flockmates weakens winter site fidelity in golden-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia atricapilla)
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Consistent apparent adult survival and nest-site fidelity of Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada over a 40-year period
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Site fidelity and behavioral plasticity regulate an ungulate’s response to extreme disturbance
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High site fidelity does not equate to population structure for common goldeneye and Barrow's goldeneye in North America.
<p>Delineation of population structure provides valuable information for conservation and management of species, as levels of demographic and genetic connectivity not only affect population dynamics but also have important implications for adaptability and resiliency of populations and species. Here, we measure population genetic structure and connectivity across the respective ranges of two sister species of Goldeneye, Barrow's Goldeneye (<i>Bucephala islandica</i>) and Common Goldeneye (<i>B. clangula</i>). We use two different marker types: 7 nuclear microsatellite loci assayed across 229 samples and 3,678 double digest Restriction-site Associated DNA Sequencing (ddRAD-seq) loci assayed across 61 samples. First, both datasets failed to uncover genetic structure within Common or Barrow's Goldeneye, including between North American and European samples of Common Goldeneye. These results are in contrast with previous mitochondrial DNA, band recovery, and telemetry data which suggests that goldeneyes are structured across their range. We posit that the discordance between autosomal genetic markers and other data types suggests that males, possibly subadult males, may be maintaining genetic connectivity across each species' respective ranges. Next, although inter-specific brood parasitism was expected to cause some level of gene flow, we only identified a single F1 hybrid with no further evidence of contemporary or historical gene flow. Despite ddRAD-seq demographic analyses which recovered an optimum evolutionary model of split with migration (i.e., secondary contact), estimates of gene flow were <<1 migrant per generation in both directions. Together, we conclude that either strong ecological barriers or assortative mating are likely playing a role in preventing further backcrossing. Finally, demographic analyses estimated a relatively deep divergence time between Barrow's Goldeneye and Common Goldeneye of ~1.6 million years before present and that the genomes of both species have been under similar evolutionary constraints.</p>
Data from: Two decades of genetic profiling yields first evidence of natal philopatry and long-term fidelity to parturition sites in sharks
Sharks are a globally threatened group of marine fishes that often breed in their natal region of origin. There has even been speculation that female sharks return to their exact birthplace to breed ("natal philopatry"), which would have important conservation implications. Genetic profiling of lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) from 20 consecutive cohorts (1993-2012) at Bimini, Bahamas showed that certain females faithfully gave birth at this site for nearly two decades. At least six females born in the 1993-1997 cohorts returned to give birth 14-17 years later, providing the first direct evidence of natal philopatry in the chondrichthyans. Long-term fidelity to specific nursery sites coupled with natal philopatry highlights the merits of emerging spatial and local conservation efforts for these threatened predators.
Fidelity to foraging sites after long migrations
1. Patterns of animal movement associated with foraging lie at the heart of many ecological studies and often animals face decisions of staying in an environment they know, versus relocating to new sites. 2. The lack of knowledge of new foraging sites means there is risk associated with a decision to relocate (e.g. poor foraging) as well as a potential benefit (e.g. improved foraging). 3. Using a unique long-term satellite tracking dataset for several sea turtle species, combined with capture-mark-recapture (CMR) data extending over 50 years, we show how, across species, individuals generally maintain tight fidelity to specific foraging sites after extended (up to almost 10,000 km) migration to and from distant breeding sites as well as across many decades. 4. Migrating individuals often travelled through suitable foraging areas en route to their "home" site and so extended their journeys to maintain foraging site fidelity. 5. We explore the likely mechanistic underpinnings of this trait, which is also seen in some migrating birds, and suggest that individuals will forgo areas of suitable forage encountered en route during migration when they have poor knowledge of the long-term suitability of those sites, making relocation to those sites risky. 05-Nov-2019
Breeding site fidelity is lower in polygamous shorebirds and male-biased in monogamous species
<p>Sex-bias in breeding dispersal is considered the norm in many taxa, and the magnitude and direction of such sex-bias is expected to correlate with the social mating system. We used local return rates in shorebirds as an index of breeding site fidelity, and hence as an estimate of the propensity for breeding dispersal, and tested whether variation in site fidelity and in sex-bias in site fidelity relates to the mating system. Among 111 populations of 49 species, annual return rates to a breeding site varied between 0–100%. After controlling for body size (linked to survival) and other confounding factors, monogamous species showed higher breeding site fidelity compared to polyandrous and polygynous species. Overall, there was a strong male bias in return rates, but the sex-bias in return rate was independent of the mating system and did not covary with the extent of sexual size dimorphism. Our results bolster earlier findings that the sex-biased dispersal is weakly linked to the mating system in birds. Instead, our results show that return rates are strongly correlated with the mating system in shorebirds regardless of sex. This suggests that breeding site fidelity may be linked to mate fidelity, which is only important in the monogamous, biparentally incubating species, or that the same drivers influence both the mating system and site fidelity. The strong connection between site fidelity and the mating system suggests that variation in site fidelity may have played a role in the coevolution of the mating system, parental care, and migration strategies.</p>
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