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44 results for “skull reconstructions”
low Cerro Gordo; StL 2, Cerro Gordo sandstone; StL 3, between Cerro Gordo and Chunchullo; StL 4, Chunchullo sandstone; StL 5, bed set between Chunchullo and Tatacoa; StL 6, Tatacoa sandstone; StL 7, bed set below Cerbatana conglomerate; StL 8, Cerbatana conglomerate; StL 9, Monkey beds; StL 10, bed set above Monkey beds; StL 12, bed set above Fish bed; StL 14, bed set below La Venta red beds; StL 15, La Venta red beds; StL 16, bed set between La Venta red beds and El Cardón red beds; StL 17, El Cardón red beds; StL 18, San Francisco sandstone; StL 19, Polonia red beds; D, reconstruction of the head of Neodolodus colombianus based on the 3D model of the almost complete skull of the specimen VPPLT 1696. Abbreviations: Fm, Formation; St m, Stratigraphic meter. Reconstruction of N. colombianus made by Tatsuya Shimura. in New remains of Neotropical bunodont litopterns and the systematics of Megadolodinae (Mammalia: Litopterna)
low Cerro Gordo; StL 2, Cerro Gordo sandstone; StL 3, between Cerro Gordo and Chunchullo; StL 4, Chunchullo sandstone; StL 5, bed set between Chunchullo and Tatacoa; StL 6, Tatacoa sandstone; StL 7, bed set below Cerbatana conglomerate; StL 8, Cerbatana conglomerate; StL 9, Monkey beds; StL 10, bed set above Monkey beds; StL 12, bed set above Fish bed; StL 14, bed set below La Venta red beds; StL 15, La Venta red beds; StL 16, bed set between La Venta red beds and El Cardón red beds; StL 17, El Cardón red beds; StL 18, San Francisco sandstone; StL 19, Polonia red beds; D, reconstruction of the head of Neodolodus colombianus based on the 3D model of the almost complete skull of the specimen VPPLT 1696. Abbreviations: Fm, Formation; St m, Stratigraphic meter. Reconstruction of N. colombianus made by Tatsuya Shimura.
figure above by Tracy Lee Ford, view of right side of reconstructed skull, reversed in The origin and evolution of the Tyrannosaurids, Part 1
figure above by Tracy Lee Ford, view of right side of reconstructed skull, reversed
figure above by Tracy Lee Ford, view of left side of reconstructed skull; scale bar = 10 cm in The origin and evolution of the Tyrannosaurids, Part 1
figure above by Tracy Lee Ford, view of left side of reconstructed skull; scale bar = 10 cm
Data from: The evolution of skull and body shape in Triturus newts reconstructed from 3D morphometric data and phylogeny
To explore the relationship between morphological change and species diversification, we reconstructed the evolutionary changes in skull size, skull shape, and body elongation in a monophyletic group of eight species that make up salamander genus Triturus. Their well-studied phylogenetic relationships and the marked difference in ecological preferences among five species groups makes this genus an excellent model system for the study of morphological evolution. The study involved three-dimensional imagery of the skull and the number of trunk vertebrae, in material that represents the morphological, spatial, and molecular diversity of the genus. Morphological change largely followed the pattern of descent. The reconstruction of ancestral skull shape indicated that morphological change was mostly confined to two episodes, corresponding to the ancestral lineage that all crested newts have in common and the Triturus dobrogicus lineage. When corrected for common descent, evolution of skull shape was correlated to change in skull size. Also, skull size and shape, as well as body shape, as inferred from the number of trunk vertebrae, were correlated, indicating a marked impact of species' ecological preferences on morphological evolution, accompanied by a series of niche shifts, with the most pronounced one in the T. dobrogicus lineage. The presence of phylogenetic signal and correlated evolutionary changes in skull and body shape suggested complex interplay of niche shifts, natural selection, and constraints by a common developmental system
Data from: The skull and endocranium of a Lower Jurassic ichthyosaur based on digital reconstructions
Even after 200 years of study, some details of the cranial anatomy of ichthyosaurs, one of the most successful groups of marine vertebrates in the Mesozoic, are still unclear. New information on the braincase, palate and occiput are provided from three-dimensional scans of an exceptionally preserved ichthyosaur ('Hauffiopteryx' typicus) skull from the Toarcian (183–174 Ma, Lower Jurassic) of Strawberry Bank, England. This ichthyosaur has unusual, hollow, tubular hyoid bars. The occipital and braincase region is fully reconstructed, creating the first digital cranial endocast of an ichthyosaur. Enlarged optic lobes and an enlarged cerebellum suggest neuroanatomical adaptations that allowed it to be a highly mobile, visual predator. The olfactory region also appears to be enlarged, suggesting that olfaction was more important for ichthyosaurs than has been assumed. Phylogenetic analysis suggests this ichthyosaur is closely related to, but distinct from, Hauffiopteryx, and positioned within Thunnosauria, a more derived position than previously recovered. These results further our knowledge of ichthyosaur cranial anatomy in three dimensions and provide a platform in which to study the anatomical adaptations that allowed ichthyosaurs to dominate the marine realm during the Mesozoic
text-fig. 6. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Cretaceous OTUs in left lateral view, a, abelisaurid Camotaurus sastrei, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Gorro Frigio Formation, Argentina; based on Bonaparte et al. (1990) and MACN CH 894. b, composite skull of a generalized baryonychid; mainly based on Suchomimus tenerensis (MNN GDF 501, 503-506) and Irritator challenged (SMNS 58022), with some elements reconstructed after Baryonyx walkeri (BMNH R 9951). c, carcharodontosaurid Carcharodontosaurus sahariens, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian), Kem Kem beds, Morocco; based on Sereno et al. (1996) and SGM-Din 1, unpreserved elements shaded. D, dromaeosaurid Velociraptor mongoliensis, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; based on Barsbold (1983), Barsbold and Osmólska (1999), and AMNH 6515. e, ornithomimosaur Dromiceiomimus brevitertius, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada; redrawn from Russell (1972). F, oviraptorosaur Oviraptor philoceratops, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; redrawn from Barsbold et al. (1990). G, therizinosauroid Erlikosaurus andrewsi, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian- Turonian), Baynshiren Svita, Mongolia; based on Clark et al. (1994). H, tyrannosaurid Gorgosaurus libratus, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Judith River Formation, Alberta, Canada, redrawn from Molnar et al. (1990). Abbreviations as in Text-figures 4 and 5, and: acc. op., accessory opening of unknown function in the premaxilla of Oviraptor (Barsbold et al. 1990); amf, anterior maxillary foramen; pn, pneumatic openings. Scale bars represent 50 mm (d-g) and 100 mm (a-c, h). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 6. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Cretaceous OTUs in left lateral view, a, abelisaurid Camotaurus sastrei, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Gorro Frigio Formation, Argentina; based on Bonaparte et al. (1990) and MACN CH 894. b, composite skull of a generalized baryonychid; mainly based on Suchomimus tenerensis (MNN GDF 501, 503-506) and Irritator challenged (SMNS 58022), with some elements reconstructed after Baryonyx walkeri (BMNH R 9951). c, carcharodontosaurid Carcharodontosaurus sahariens, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian), Kem Kem beds, Morocco; based on Sereno et al. (1996) and SGM-Din 1, unpreserved elements shaded. D, dromaeosaurid Velociraptor mongoliensis, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; based on Barsbold (1983), Barsbold and Osmólska (1999), and AMNH 6515. e, ornithomimosaur Dromiceiomimus brevitertius, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada; redrawn from Russell (1972). F, oviraptorosaur Oviraptor philoceratops, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; redrawn from Barsbold et al. (1990). G, therizinosauroid Erlikosaurus andrewsi, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian- Turonian), Baynshiren Svita, Mongolia; based on Clark et al. (1994). H, tyrannosaurid Gorgosaurus libratus, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Judith River Formation, Alberta, Canada, redrawn from Molnar et al. (1990). Abbreviations as in Text-figures 4 and 5, and: acc. op., accessory opening of unknown function in the premaxilla of Oviraptor (Barsbold et al. 1990); amf, anterior maxillary foramen; pn, pneumatic openings. Scale bars represent 50 mm (d-g) and 100 mm (a-c, h).
text-fig. 5. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Jurassic OTUs in left lateral view, a, Dilophosaurus wetherilli, Early Jurassic (Sinemurian-Pliensbachian), Kayenta Formation, Arizona, USA; based on UCMP V 4214 and V 6468. B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis, Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian), Forest Sandstone, Zimbabwe; composite reconstruction based on many isolated skull elements from the National Museum of Natural History in Harare (see Appendix), c, Magnosaurus oxoniensis, Middle Jurassic (Callovian), Oxford Clay, England; based on OUM J 13558, unpreserved elements shaded. D, Monolophosaurus jiangi, Middle Jurassic, Wucaiwan Formation, China; redrawn from Zhao and Currie (1993b). E, Allosaurus fragilis, Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA; based on MOR 693. f, basal bird Archaeopteryx sp., Late Jurassic (Tithonian), lithographic limestones of Solnhofen, Germany; based on Wellnhofer (1974), Elzanowski and Wellnhofer (1996), and the Berlin, Eichstätt, and Munich specimens. G, Ceratosaurus sp., Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA; based on USNM 4735 and UMNH VP 5278. H, Ornitholestes hermanni, Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA, based on AMNH 619. Abbreviations as in Text-figure 4, and: If, lacrimal fenestra; mf, maxillary fenestra; nf, nasal foramen; pmf, promaxillary fenestra. Scale bars represent 10 mm (b, f, h), 50 mm (c) and 100 mm (a, d, e, g). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 5. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Jurassic OTUs in left lateral view, a, Dilophosaurus wetherilli, Early Jurassic (Sinemurian-Pliensbachian), Kayenta Formation, Arizona, USA; based on UCMP V 4214 and V 6468. B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis, Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian), Forest Sandstone, Zimbabwe; composite reconstruction based on many isolated skull elements from the National Museum of Natural History in Harare (see Appendix), c, Magnosaurus oxoniensis, Middle Jurassic (Callovian), Oxford Clay, England; based on OUM J 13558, unpreserved elements shaded. D, Monolophosaurus jiangi, Middle Jurassic, Wucaiwan Formation, China; redrawn from Zhao and Currie (1993b). E, Allosaurus fragilis, Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA; based on MOR 693. f, basal bird Archaeopteryx sp., Late Jurassic (Tithonian), lithographic limestones of Solnhofen, Germany; based on Wellnhofer (1974), Elzanowski and Wellnhofer (1996), and the Berlin, Eichstätt, and Munich specimens. G, Ceratosaurus sp., Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA; based on USNM 4735 and UMNH VP 5278. H, Ornitholestes hermanni, Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA, based on AMNH 619. Abbreviations as in Text-figure 4, and: If, lacrimal fenestra; mf, maxillary fenestra; nf, nasal foramen; pmf, promaxillary fenestra. Scale bars represent 10 mm (b, f, h), 50 mm (c) and 100 mm (a, d, e, g).
text-fig. 4. Skull reconstructions of representatives of riassic OTUs in left lateral view, a, Euparkeria capensis, Early Triassic (Scythian-Anisian), Beaufort Group, South Africa; redrawn from Ewer (1965). B, basal ornithischian Lesothosaurus diagnostics, Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian), Elliot Formation, Lesotho; redrawn from Sereno (1991b). c, prosauropod sauropodomorph Plateosaurus sp., Late riassic (Norian), Knollenmergel, Germany; based on MB R. 1937. D, Eoraptor lunensis, Late Triassic (Camian), Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina; based on PVSJ 512. E, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis, Late Triassic (Camian), Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina; redrawn from Sereno and Novas (1993). F, Coelophysis bauri, Late riassic (Norian), Chinle Formation, south-western USA; modified from Paul (1993). G, Lilienstemus lilienstemi, Late riassic (Norian), Knollenmergel, Germany; based on MB R. 2175, unpreserved elements shaded. H, Shuvosaurus inexpectatus, Late riassic (Norian), Dockum Group, Texas, USA; based on TU P 9280. Abbreviations: a, angular; aof, antorbital fenestra; d, dentary; emf, external mandibular fenestra; en, external nares; eo, exoccipital; f, frontal; itf, infratemporal fenestra; j, jugal; 1, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; o, orbit; oc, occipital condyle; op, opisthotic; pa, parietal; pd, predentary; pm, premaxilla; pm-mf, premaxillary-maxillary fenestra; po, postorbital; pof, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qf, quadrate foramen; qj, quadratojugal; sa, surangular; saf, surangular foramen; snf, subnarial foramen; sob, supraorbital; soc, supraoccipital; sp, splenial; sq, squamosal; stf, supratemporal fenestra. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a-b) and 50 mm (c-H). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 4. Skull reconstructions of representatives of riassic OTUs in left lateral view, a, Euparkeria capensis, Early Triassic (Scythian-Anisian), Beaufort Group, South Africa; redrawn from Ewer (1965). B, basal ornithischian Lesothosaurus diagnostics, Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian), Elliot Formation, Lesotho; redrawn from Sereno (1991b). c, prosauropod sauropodomorph Plateosaurus sp., Late riassic (Norian), Knollenmergel, Germany; based on MB R. 1937. D, Eoraptor lunensis, Late Triassic (Camian), Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina; based on PVSJ 512. E, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis, Late Triassic (Camian), Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina; redrawn from Sereno and Novas (1993). F, Coelophysis bauri, Late riassic (Norian), Chinle Formation, south-western USA; modified from Paul (1993). G, Lilienstemus lilienstemi, Late riassic (Norian), Knollenmergel, Germany; based on MB R. 2175, unpreserved elements shaded. H, Shuvosaurus inexpectatus, Late riassic (Norian), Dockum Group, Texas, USA; based on TU P 9280. Abbreviations: a, angular; aof, antorbital fenestra; d, dentary; emf, external mandibular fenestra; en, external nares; eo, exoccipital; f, frontal; itf, infratemporal fenestra; j, jugal; 1, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; o, orbit; oc, occipital condyle; op, opisthotic; pa, parietal; pd, predentary; pm, premaxilla; pm-mf, premaxillary-maxillary fenestra; po, postorbital; pof, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qf, quadrate foramen; qj, quadratojugal; sa, surangular; saf, surangular foramen; snf, subnarial foramen; sob, supraorbital; soc, supraoccipital; sp, splenial; sq, squamosal; stf, supratemporal fenestra. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a-b) and 50 mm (c-H).
text-fig. 14. Theropod skull reconstructions in lateral view showing different character states of characters 42,44, 51, and 70. For sources of reconstructions and identifications of the elements, see Text-figures 4-6. a, Eoraptor lunensis. B, Ceratosaurus sp. c, generalized baryonychid. Dashed lines indicate levels of quadrate-squamosal articulation (wide dash) and mandibular joint (narrow dash); strong line indicates posterior end of tooth row. Scale bars represent 50 mm (a) and 100 mm (b-c). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 14. Theropod skull reconstructions in lateral view showing different character states of characters 42,44, 51, and 70. For sources of reconstructions and identifications of the elements, see Text-figures 4-6. a, Eoraptor lunensis. B, Ceratosaurus sp. c, generalized baryonychid. Dashed lines indicate levels of quadrate-squamosal articulation (wide dash) and mandibular joint (narrow dash); strong line indicates posterior end of tooth row. Scale bars represent 50 mm (a) and 100 mm (b-c).
text-fig. 7. Outgroup (a) and theropod (b-g) skull reconstructions in lateral view showing different character states of several cranial characters. For sources of reconstructions and identifications of the bones see Text-figures 4-6. a, Euparkeria capensis. B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis. c, Ceratosaurus sp. D, Allosaurus fragilis. E, Gorgosaurus libratus. F, Velociraptor mongoliensis. Character state indications in this and all following illustrations are as follows: numbers refer to characters discussed in the text; the first number indicates the number of the character, the second the character state. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a-b), 50 mm (f-g) and 100 mm (c-e). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 7. Outgroup (a) and theropod (b-g) skull reconstructions in lateral view showing different character states of several cranial characters. For sources of reconstructions and identifications of the bones see Text-figures 4-6. a, Euparkeria capensis. B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis. c, Ceratosaurus sp. D, Allosaurus fragilis. E, Gorgosaurus libratus. F, Velociraptor mongoliensis. Character state indications in this and all following illustrations are as follows: numbers refer to characters discussed in the text; the first number indicates the number of the character, the second the character state. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a-b), 50 mm (f-g) and 100 mm (c-e).
Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin in endoscopic endonasal skull base reconstruction: study protocol for a multicenter prospective, parallel-group, single-blinded randomized controlled non-inferiority trial.
<p>Instruction video on how to prepare Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin for endoscopic endonasal skull base reconstruction reinforcement. </p>
Saldhana Bay (reconstructed 1/2 skull)
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Skull Base Reconstruction After Endonasal Cranio-endoscopic Resection Using Autologus Grafts
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03448614. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 10.
Role of Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membranes in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Reconstruction
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03910374. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Data from: The skull and endocranium of a Lower Jurassic ichthyosaur based on digital reconstructions
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: The evolution of skull and body shape in Triturus newts reconstructed from 3D morphometric data and phylogeny
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: The good, the bad, and the ugly: the influence of skull reconstructions and intraspecific variability in studies of cranial morphometrics in theropods and basal saurischians
Several studies investigating macroevolutionary skull shape variation in fossil reptiles were published recently, often using skull reconstructions taken from the scientific literature. However, this approach could be potentially problematic, because skull reconstructions might differ notably due to incompleteness and/or deformation of the material. Furthermore, the influence of intraspecific variation has usually not been explored in these studies. Both points could influence the results of morphometric analyses by affecting the relative position of species to each other within the morphospace. The aim of the current study is to investigate the variation in morphometric data between skull reconstructions based on the same specimen, and to compare the results to shape variation occurring in skull reconstructions based on different specimens of the same species (intraspecific variation) and skulls of closely related species (intraspecific variation). Based on the current results, shape variation of different skull reconstructions based on the same specimen seems to have generally little influence on the results of a geometric morphometric analysis, although it cannot be excluded that some erroneous reconstructions of poorly preserved specimens might cause problems occasionally. In contrast, for different specimens of the same species the variation is generally higher than between different reconstructions based on the same specimen. For closely related species, at least with similar ecological preferences in respect to the dietary spectrum, the degree of interspecific variation can overlap with that of intraspecific variation, most probably due to similar biomechanical constraints.
figure above by Tracy Lee Ford, view ofright side of reconstructed skull, reversed in The origin and evolution of the Tyrannosaurids, Part 1
figure above by Tracy Lee Ford, view ofright side of reconstructed skull, reversed
figure above by Tracy Lee Ford, view of left side of reconstructed skull; scale bar = 10 cm in The origin and evolution of the Tyrannosaurids, Part 1
figure above by Tracy Lee Ford, view of left side of reconstructed skull; scale bar = 10 cm
Gul Dent Rbr Text-fig. 6. Amblypterus latus AGASSIZ, 1833. Reconstruction of the skull in lateral view, x 2.1, original. Original. Cl – cleithrum; Dent – dentalosplenial; Dhy – dermohyal; Dpt – dermopterotic; Dsph – dermosphenotic; Extl – extrascapular lateral; Fr – frontal; Gul – gular lateral; Infp – infraorbital posterior; Infs – infraorbital superior; Ju – jugal; La – lacrimal; Mx – maxilla; Na – nasal; Op – operculum; Pa – parietal; Pmx – premaxillar; Pop – preoperculum; Pp – postparietal; Pt – posttemporal; Ptr – postrostral; Rbr – branchiostegal rays; Sbo – suborbital; Scl – supracleithrum; Soant – supraorbital anterior; Sop – suboperculum; Spi – spiracular; sr – sclerotical ring. in New Data On The Osteology Of The Actinopterygian Fish Amblypterus And The Relationship Between Amblypterus And Paramblypterus
Gul Dent Rbr Text-fig. 6. Amblypterus latus AGASSIZ, 1833. Reconstruction of the skull in lateral view, x 2.1, original. Original. Cl – cleithrum; Dent – dentalosplenial; Dhy – dermohyal; Dpt – dermopterotic; Dsph – dermosphenotic; Extl – extrascapular lateral; Fr – frontal; Gul – gular lateral; Infp – infraorbital posterior; Infs – infraorbital superior; Ju – jugal; La – lacrimal; Mx – maxilla; Na – nasal; Op – operculum; Pa – parietal; Pmx – premaxillar; Pop – preoperculum; Pp – postparietal; Pt – posttemporal; Ptr – postrostral; Rbr – branchiostegal rays; Sbo – suborbital; Scl – supracleithrum; Soant – supraorbital anterior; Sop – suboperculum; Spi – spiracular; sr – sclerotical ring.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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