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116 results for “social brain”
The "social brain" is highly sensitive to the mere presence of social information: An automated meta-analysis and an independent study
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>How the human brain process social information is an increasingly researched topic in psychology and neuroscience, advancing our understanding of basic human cognition and psychopathologies. Neuroimaging studies typically seek to isolate one specific aspect of social cognition when trying to map its neural substrates. It is unclear if brain activation elicited by different social cognitive processes and task instructions are also spontaneously elicited by general social information. In this study, we investigated whether these brain regions are evoked by the mere presence of social information using an automated meta-analysis and confirmatory data from an independent study of simple appraisal of social vs. non-social images. Results of 1,000 published fMRI studies containing the keyword of “social” were subject to an automated meta-analysis (neurosynth.org). To confirm that significant brain regions in the meta-analysis were driven by a social effect, these brain regions were used as regions of interest (ROIs) to extract and compare BOLD fMRI signals of social vs. non-social conditions in the independent study. The NeuroSynth results indicated that the dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, bilateral amygdala, bilateral occipito-temporal junction, right fusiform gyrus, bilateral temporal pole, and right inferior frontal gyrus are commonly engaged in studies with a prominent social element. The social – non-social contrast in the independent study showed a strong resemblance of the NeuroSynth map. ROI analyses revealed that a social effect was credible in 8 out of the 11 NeuroSynth regions in the independent dataset. The findings support that the “social brain” is highly sensitive to the mere presence of social information. </p>
Supplementary data for: Transcriptomics of mosaic brain differentiation underlying complex division of labor in a social insect
<p>Concerted developmental programming may constrain changes in component structures of the brain, thus limiting the ability of selection acting on individual brain compartments to form an adaptive mosaic independent of total brain size or body size. Measuring patterns of gene expression underpinning brain scaling in conjunction with anatomical brain atlases can aid in identifying influences of concerted and/or mosaic evolution. Species exhibiting exceptional size and behavioral polyphenisms provide excellent systems to test predictions of brain evolution models by quantifying brain gene expression. We examined patterns of brain gene expression in a remarkably polymorphic and behaviorally complex social insect, the leafcutter ant <em>Atta</em> <em>cephalotes</em>. Approximately ~50% of differential gene expression observed among three morphologically, behaviorally, and neuroanatomically differentiated worker size groups was attributable to body size, but we also found strong evidence of differential brain gene expression unexplained by worker morphological variation. Transcriptomic analysis identified patterns of gene expression not linearly correlated with worker size but rather, in some cases, mirroring neuropil scaling. Additionally, we observed enriched gene ontology terms associated with nucleic acid regulation, metabolism, neurotransmission, and sensory perception, further supporting a relationship between brain gene expression and worker social role. These findings demonstrate that differential brain gene expression among polymorphic workers is linked to behavioral and neuroanatomical differentiation underpinning complex agrarian division of labor in <em>A</em>. <em>cephalotes</em>.</p>
Supplementary data for: Transcriptomics of mosaic brain differentiation underlying complex division of labor in a social insect
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Data from: Social complexity affects cognitive abilities but not brain structure in a Poecilid fish
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Data from: Brain functional networks associated with social bonding in monogamous voles
<p>Previous studies have related pair bonding in Microtus ochrogaster, the prairie vole, with plastic changes in several brain regions. However, the interactions between these socially-relevant regions have yet to be described. In this study, we used resting state magnetic resonance imaging to explore bonding behaviors and functional connectivity of brain regions previously associated with pair bonding. Thirty-two male and female prairie voles were scanned at baseline, 24h and 2 weeks after the onset of cohabitation. By using network based statistics, we identified that the functional connectivity of a cortico-striatal network predicted the onset of affiliative behavior, while another predicted the amount of social interaction during a partner preference test. Furthermore, a network with significant changes in time was revealed, also showing associations with the level of partner preference. Overall, our findings revealed the association between network-level functional connectivity changes and social bonding.</p>
Dataset of ""Statistical atlases and automatic labelling strategies to accelerate the analysis of social insect brain evolution"
<p>Dataset of <em>Statistical atlases and automatic labelling strategies to accelerate the analysis of social insect brain evolution</em> by Sara Arganda, Ignacio Arganda-Carreras, Darcy G. Gordon, Andrew P. Hoadley, Alfonso Pérez-Escudero, Martin Giurfa and James F. A. Traniello.</p> <p>In this dataset, we are presenting:</p> <ul> <li>10 confocal brain images from <em>Pheidole spadonia </em>minors (in the original confocal TIFF format and in the open NRRD format), with manually segmented labels of 8 subregions (Optic Lobes, OL; Antennal Lobes, AL; Mushroom Body Medial Calyx, MB-MC; Mushroom Body Lateral Calyx, MB-LC; Mushroom Body Peduncle, MB-P; Central Complex, CX; Subesophageal zone, SEZ; and Rest of Central Brain, ROCB – in NRRD format) from one expert annotator.</li> <li>12 confocal brain images from <em>P. spadonia</em>, <em>P. rhea</em>, <em>P. tepicana</em> and <em>P. obtusospinosa</em> minors, with manually segmented labels of the same 8 subregions (OL; AL; MB-MC; MB-LC; MB-P; CX; SEZ; and ROCB) from one expert annotator.</li> <li>5 confocal brain images from <em>Pheidole spadonia </em>minors (“test brains”), with five sets of manually segmented labels of the same 8 subregions (OL; AL; MB-MC; MB-LC; MB-P; CX; SEZ; and ROCB) from three expert annotators (one set from annotator 1, one set from annotator 2 and three sets from annotator 3, to evaluate inter and intra person differences).</li> <li>1 group-wise template generated from the 10 confocal brain images from <em>Pheidole spadonia </em>minors, with three sets of manually segmented labels of the same 8 subregions (OL; AL; MB-MC; MB-LC; MB-P; CX; SEZ; and ROCB).</li> <li>5 group-wise templates generated from the 9 confocal brain images from <em>Pheidole spadonia </em>minors, with consensus labels of the same 8 subregions (OL; AL; MB-MC; MB-LC; MB-P; CX; SEZ; and ROCB).</li> <li>1 group-wise template generated from 12 confocal brain images from <em>P. spadonia</em>, <em>P. rhea</em>, <em>P. tepicana</em> and <em>P. obtusospinosa</em> minors, with consensus labels of the same 8 subregions (OL; AL; MB-MC; MB-LC; MB-P; CX; SEZ; and ROCB).</li> <li>7 sets of automatic labels for the 5 “test brains”: 3 sets of “Direct Labels”, 3 sets of “Consensus Labels”, 1 set of “Multispecies Template Labels”.</li> </ul> <p>Brain of minor workers were dissected from the ant head capsule in ice cold HEPES-buffered saline and were fixed and immunohistochemically stained using SYNORF1 (a monoclonal <em>Drosophila</em> synapsin I antibody obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, catalog 3C11) and secondarily stained using Alexa Fluor 488 for visualization of neuropil (slightly modified from Ott, 2008). Later, brains were mounted in methyl salicylate and imaged on an Olympus Fluoview BX50 laser scanning confocal microscope with a ×20 objective at a resolution of ~0.7 × 0.7 × 5µm/voxel. All brain tissue manipulation, staining and recording was performed by Darcy G. Gordon. Brain images were obtained in TIFF format by the confocal microscope and then opened and saved as Amira Mesh (.am) stack images in Amira (version 6.0). Manual segmentation of each brain was done using Amira (version 6.0 or 2019.2). Labels were traced on eight compartments in only one brain hemisphere, except for the CX, SEZ and ROCB, which lack a clear subdivision between hemispheres. Brain grey image stacks and labels were transformed to NRRD format for template construction using the Fiji plugin SaveAsGzipNrrd<a href="#_ftn1">[1]</a>. Volume and volume similarity of labels were calculated using the Fiji toolbox MorphoLibJ<a href="#_ftn2">[2]</a>.</p> <p><strong>Acknowledgements: </strong>We thank Ming Huang (from Dr. Diana Wheeler’s laboratory) who kindly provided access to colonies from four species of the hyperdiverse ant genus <em>Pheidole</em> (<em>P. spadonia</em>, <em>P. rhea</em>, <em>P. tepicana </em>and <em>P. obtusospinosa</em>). This research was supported by National Science Foundation grants IOS 1354291 and IOS 1953393 to JT, a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship BrainiAnts-660976 and Ayudas destinadas a la atracción de talento investigador a la Comunidad de Madrid en centros de I+D. This work is supported in part by the University of the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/basque-country">Basque Country</a> UPV/EHU grant GIU19/027.</p> <p> </p> <p><a href="#_ftnref1">[1]</a> https://github.com/iarganda/tefor</p> <p><a href="#_ftnref2">[2]</a> https://imagej.net/plugins/morpholibj</p>
Resource limitation, intragroup aggression, and brain neuropeptide expression in a social wasp
<p>1. Nourishment can have profound effects on social behavior, including aggressive interactions between individuals. However, how nutritional resource availability and limitation affects intraspecific aggression remains somewhat contested. The prevailing theoretical and empirical understanding is that when nutritional resources are limited, inter-individual competition and aggression will increase. However, findings from several social animals suggest that limited nutrition can lead to increased cooperation, including by a reduction in inter-individual aggression.</p> <p>2. We suggest that in social insect colonies, where nourishment is often important in determining differences between the reproductive and non-reproductive worker behavioral castes, the link between an individual's nourishment and their future reproductive potential may be a key missing element of models that predict how nutritional resource availability affects inter-individual aggression.</p> <p>3. We investigated how nourishment influenced intra-colony aggression and its molecular correlates in colonies of the social paper wasp <i>Polistes fuscatus</i>, which workers that maintain flexible reproductive potential as adults. We subjected colonies to either a high or low feeding treatment, and examined subsequent effects on behavior, physiology, and brain gene expression.</p> <p>4. We found that nutritional restriction reduced aggressive interactions, suggesting increased social cohesion when resources are limiting. Thus, individual worker paper wasps appear to have the capacity to adjust their behavior (e.g., reduced aggression) in response to nutritional stress, investing nutritional resources in the colony when resources are limiting, and in the self when resources are abundant.</p> <p>5. Differential brain gene expression results implicate two well-known neuropeptides associated with aggression and/or nutrient signaling across taxa, <i>Tachykinin </i>and <i>Neuropeptide-F</i>, as possible mediators of nutritionally-dependent intra-colony aggression. This adds to a growing understanding that deeply conserved genes associated with core, conserved behaviors such as feeding and aggression in solitary insects can play a role in the regulation of social plasticity in more highly social species.</p>
Constitutive depletion of brain serotonin differentially affects rats' social and cognitive abilities
<p><strong>Background</strong> Central serotonin is an essential neuromodulator for mental disorders. It appears a promising transdiagnostic marker of distinct psychiatric disorders and a common modulator of some of their key behavioral symptoms. We aimed to identify the behavioral markers of serotonergic function in rats and compare them to human deficits.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong> We applied a comprehensive profiling approach in adult male <em>Tph2<sup>−/−</sup></em> rats constitutively lacking central serotonin. Under classical and ethological testing conditions, we tested each individual’s cognitive, social and non-social abilities and characterized the group organization (i.e. social network, hierarchy). Using unsupervised machine learning, we identified the functions most dependent on central serotonin.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong> In classical procedures, <em>Tph2<sup>−/−</sup></em> rats presented an unexpected normal cognitive profile. Under the complex and experimenter-free conditions of their home-cage, the same <em>Tph2<sup>−/−</sup></em> rats presented drastic changes in their daily life. Brain serotonin depletion induced compulsive aggression and sexual behavior, hyperactive and hypervigilant stereotyped behavior, reduced self-care and body weight, and exacerbated corticosterone levels. Group-housed <em>Tph2<sup>−/−</sup></em> rats showed strong social disorganization with disrupted social networks and hierarchical structure, which may arise from communication deficits and cognitive blunting.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong> Serotonin depletion induced a profile reminiscent of the symptomatology of impulse control and anxiety disorders. Serotonin was necessary for behavioral adaptation to dynamic social environments. In classical testing conditions, our animal model challenged the concept of an essential role of serotonin in decision-making, flexibility, and impulsivity, although developmental compensations may have occurred. These contrasting findings highlight the need to generalize the evaluation of animal models’ multidimensional functions within the complexity of the social living environment.</p>
Both diet and sociality affect primate brain-size evolution
<p>Increased brain size in humans and other primates is hypothesized to confer cognitive benefits but brings costs associated with growing and maintaining energetically expensive neural tissue. Previous studies have argued that changes in either diet or levels of sociality led to shifts in brain size, but results were equivocal. Here we test these hypotheses using phylogenetic comparative methods designed to jointly account for and estimate the effects of adaptation and phylogeny. Using the largest current sample of primate brain and body sizes with observation error, complemented by newly compiled diet and sociality data, we show that both diet and sociality have influenced the evolution of brain size. Shifting from simple to more complex levels of sociality resulted in relatively larger brains, while shifting to a more folivorous diet led to relatively smaller brains. While our results support the role of sociality, they modify a range of ecological hypotheses centered on the importance of frugivory and instead indicate that digestive costs associated with increased folivory may have resulted in relatively smaller brains.</p>
Community-Based Social Connection Intervention Program to Improve Cardiovascular and Brain Health
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07319663. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Integrated Brain, Body and Social Intervention for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01542528. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 21.
Data from: Brain functional networks associated with social bonding in monogamous voles
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Both diet and sociality affect primate brain-size evolution
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Data for: Whole brain in situ mapping of neuronal activation in Drosophila during social behaviors and optogenetic stimulation
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Resource limitation, intragroup aggression, and brain neuropeptide expression in a social wasp
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Social fish have larger brains and greater relative telencephalon sizes: support for the social brain hypothesis from wild, intraspecific comparisons
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Data from: Social complexity influences brain investment and neural operation costs in ants
The metabolic expense of producing and operating neural tissue required for adaptive behaviour is considered a significant selective force in brain evolution. In primates, brain size correlates positively with group size, presumably owing to the greater cognitive demands of complex social relationships in large societies. Social complexity in eusocial insects is also associated with large groups, as well as collective intelligence and division of labour among sterile workers. However, superorganism phenotypes may lower cognitive demands on behaviourally specialized workers resulting in selection for decreased brain size and/or energetic costs of brain metabolism. To test this hypothesis, we compared brain investment patterns and cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity, a proxy for ATP usage, in two ant species contrasting in social organization. Socially complex Oecophylla smaragdina workers had larger brain size and relative investment in the mushroom bodies (MBs)—higher order sensory processing compartments—than the more socially basic Formica subsericea workers. Oecophylla smaragdina workers, however, had reduced COX activity in the MBs. Our results suggest that as in primates, ant group size is associated with large brain size. The elevated costs of investment in metabolically expensive brain tissue in the socially complex O. smaragdina, however, appear to be offset by decreased energetic costs.
Data from: A dedicated network for social interaction processing in the primate brain
Primate cognition requires interaction processing. Interactions can reveal otherwise hidden properties of intentional agents, such as thoughts and feelings, and of inanimate objects, such as mass and material. Where and how interaction analyses are implemented in the brain is unknown. Using whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging in macaque monkeys, we discovered a network centered in the medial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex that is exclusively engaged in social interaction analysis. Exclusivity of specialization was found for no other function anywhere in the brain. Two additional networks, a parieto-premotor and a temporal one, exhibited both social and physical interaction preference, which, in the temporal lobe, mapped onto a fine-grain pattern of object, body, and face selectivity. Extent and location of a dedicated system for social interaction analysis suggest that this function is an evolutionary forerunner of human mind-reading capabilities.
Dataset for the paper - "Synchronized LFP rhythmicity in the social brain reflects the context of social encounters"
<p>Dataset for the paper:</p><p>Synchronized LFP rhythmicity in the social brain reflects the context of social encounters</p><p>Alok Nath Mohapatra,*, David Peles, Shai Netser, Shlomo Wagner</p><p>*Corresponding author: Alok Nath Mohapatra, Email: thinkalok@gmail.com </p><p>Affiliation: Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, POB. 3338, Haifa 3103301, Israel.</p><p> </p>
Data from: Dynamics in brain activation and behaviour in acute and repeated social defensive behaviour
<p>In nature, confrontations between conspecifics are recurrent and related, in general, due to the lack of resources such as food and territory. Adequate defences against a conspecific aggressor are essential for the individual's survival and the group integrity. However, repeated social defeat is a significant stressor promoting several behavioural changes including social defence per se. What would be the neural basis of these behavioural changes? To build new hypotheses about this, we here investigate the effects of repeated social stress on the neural circuitry underlying motivated social defence behaviour in male mice. We observed that animals re-exposed to the aggressor three times spent more time in passive defence during the last exposure than in the first one. These animals also show less activation of the amygdalar and hypothalamic nuclei related to the processing of conspecific cues. In turn, we found no changes in the activation of the hypothalamic dorsal pre-mammillary nucleus (PMD) that is essential for passive defence. Therefore, our data suggest that the balance between the activity of circuits related to conspecific processing and the PMD determines the pattern of social defence behaviour. Changes in this balance may be the basis of the adaptations in social defence after repeated social defeat.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.