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43 results for “soil amendments”
Data from: Mitigating acid sulfate soil development in sediment addition projects through application of sediment amendments
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Data from: Using soil amendments and plant functional traits to select native tropical dry forest species for the restoration of degraded Vertisols
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Impact of cellulose-rich organic soil amendments on growth dynamics and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani
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Soil amendment with biochar and manure alters wood stake decomposition and fungal community composition
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Effect of soil carbon amendments in reversing the legacy effect of plant invasion
<p>1. Invasive plant species are key drivers of global environmental changes leading to the disruption of ecosystems they invade. Many invasive species engage in novel niche construction through plant-soil feedbacks facilitated by the input of secondary compounds, which help their further spread and survival. These compounds can persist in soil even after the removal of the invader thus creating a legacy effect that inhibits the return of native flora and fauna. Thus, formulating active intervention strategies that can reverse niche construction is critical for the restoration of these invaded ecosystems.</p> <p>2. We hypothesized that the management practices that can reverse the soil carbon and nutrient cycling in invaded ecosystems can facilitate the rapid restoration of the invaded sites. We predicted that adding soil C amendments such as activated carbon and biochar can alter the microbial functional activity and nutrient cycling leading to the restoration of invaded habitats. We tested this hypothesis in an old-field in Massachusetts that has been invaded by Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum) for >20 years.</p> <p>3. After two years of treatment application, the activated carbon and biochar amended plots had 80% more biomass of the prairie species than the control plots. The C amendments also altered soil nutrient cycling and fungal biomass and enzyme activity compared to the control plots. The nitrate content of C amended plots was 5 times higher than the non-amended control plots indicating an increased nitrogen mineralization in C amended plots potentially due to the sorption of phenolic compounds by activated carbon and biochar that makes them unavailable. This was further supported by the increased phenol oxidase activity which might have been less inhibited by tannins and led to increased organic matter decomposition.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and conclusions: Our results thus reveal the potential of soil C amendments in reversing niche construction and legacy effects of polyphenol-rich invasive species and indicate that biochar could be a more economically feasible alternative to activated carbon in restoring invaded ecosystems. Our results also emphasize that understanding the mechanism through which invasive species engage in niche construction is vital in formulating suitable knowledge-based restoration practices for invaded ecosystems.</p>
Data from: Phosphorus release from unamended and gypsum-or biochar-amended soils under simulated spring snowmelt and summer flooding conditions
<p>Prolonged flooding changes the oxidation–reduction status of soils, often enhancing phosphorus (P) release to overlying floodwater. We studied P release from unamended, gypsum-amended and biochar- amended soils under simulated snowmelt flooding (previously frozen, cold flooding at +4°C) and summer flooding (unfrozen, warm flooding at +22°C), using two soils, Fyala clay (FYL-Cl) and Neuenberg sandy loam (NBG-SL) from Manitoba, Canada. Amended and unamended soils were packed into vessels and flooded under cold and warm temperatures in the laboratory. Pore water and floodwater samples were taken weekly for 6 weeks after flooding (WAF) and thereafter biweekly for 10 WAF, and analyzed for dissolved reactive P (DRP), pH and cation concentrations. NBG-SL showed a significantly higher DRP concentration in pore water and floodwater despite its low Olsen P content. Redox potential (Eh) decreased slowly under cold compared to warm flooding; hence redox-induced P release was substantially lower under cold flooding. Gypsum amendment significantly decreased the floodwater DRP concentrations in NBG-SL by 38% and 35% under cold and warm flooding, respectively, but had no significant effect in FYL-Cl, which had low DRP concentrations (<1.2 mg L-1) throughout flooding period. Biochar amendment significantly increased floodwater DRP concentrations by 27 to 68% in FYL-Cl under cold and warm flooding, respectively, but had no significant effect in NBG-SL. The results indicate substantially less P release under cold, than under warm flooding. Gypsum was effective in reducing floodwater DRP concentrations only at high DRP concentrations; thus the effectiveness was greater under warm, than under cold flooding conditions.</p>
Data from: Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) growth response to nitrogen in a sandy soil amended with acidified manure and municipal sludge after "Quick Wash" treatment
<p>The Quick Wash (QW) treatment extracts phosphorus (P) from manure and municipal sludge (MS), producing an organic acidified by-product with adequate nitrogen (N):P ratio to meet crop N requirements. Yet, data on crop response to N using QW by-products are lacking. We evaluated the response of annual ryegrass (<span class="html-italic">Lolium multiflorum</span> Lam.) and potential N leaching in sandy soil to N applications using raw wastes, their corresponding QW by-products, and ammonium sulfate (AMS) fertilizer. Treatments included a control (no amendment added), raw and acid-washed chicken litter, dairy and swine manure, MS, and AMS at 100, 200, and 400 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>.</p>
Data for: Methodological choices in size and density fractionation of soil carbon reserves – A case study on wood fiber sludge amended soils
<p>A myriad of methods is currently being applied in soil carbon research encompassing major variation in the basic principles and minor variation in details. The most proper method is dependent on the research question and soil type, wherefore a consensus will likely never be reached, and it is difficult to label any method inappropriate. Both the fundamental and the subtle choices in methodology affect the results, wherefore increasing the method-related understanding of soil, agricultural and environmental scientists is of utmost importance. In scientific literature, methods are often not thoroughly presented, let alone reasoned. With this data, we discuss methodological choices in soil carbon fractionation. In addition, our case study follows the effects of pulp mill sludge amendments on soil carbon in a Luvic Stagnosol and Dystric Arenosol. Organic materials are being applied to soil to increase productivity and soil carbon storage. Our results show the difficulties of accumulating carbon in the stable, mineral associated pool, when the carbon content is initially relatively high, and the sorption capacity of the mineral phase already largely occupied. </p>
Steering microbiomes by organic amendments towards climate-smart agricultural soils
<p>We steered the soil microbiome via applications of organic residues (mix of cover crop residues, sewage sludge + compost, and digestate + compost) to enhance multiple ecosystem services in line with climate-smart agriculture. Our result highlights the potential to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from agricultural soils by the application of specific organic amendments (especially digestate + compost). Unexpectedly, also the addition of mineral fertilizer in our mesocosms led to similar combined GHG emissions than one of the specific organic amendments. However, the application of organic amendments has the potential to increase soil C, which is not the case when using mineral fertilizer. While GHG emissions from cover crop residues were significantly higher compared to mineral fertilizer and the other organic amendments, crop growth was promoted. Furthermore, all organic amendments induced a shift in the diversity and abundances of key microbial groups. We show that organic amendments have the potential to not only lower GHG emissions by modifying the microbial community abundance and composition, but also favour crop growth-promoting microorganisms. This modulation of the microbial community by organic amendments bears the potential to turn soils into more climate-smart soils in comparison to the more conventional use of mineral fertilizers.</p>
Data from: Impacts of organic matter amendments on urban soil carbon and soil quality: A meta-analysis
<p>Organic matter amendment application is an important avenue of beneficial waste diversion and is used to improve soil quality in agricultural and urban settings. In urban regions, amendments are used to support local food production, maintain vegetation for landscaping and recreational use, and reclaim disturbed soils. Urban regions generate large quantities of wasted organic resources for potential application aiding in creating a circular nutrient economy. There is a growing interest in understanding the effects of amendments such as compost, biosolids, and biochar on soil properties in agricultural settings. Gaps remain, however, in assessing their effects in urban land uses. We conducted a literature review to assess the effects of compost, biochar, and biosolids on soil carbon and soil quality of urban soils managed for gardening, landscaping, recreation, and reclamation. Application of organic matter amendments led to an average increase of 3.6 units of soil organic matter% (SOM%). Compost and biochar improved SOM% the most, by 3.1 and 6.5 units of SOM%, respectively. Biosolids resulted in the smallest increase in SOM% but had greater nutrient benefits than other amendments. Parameters related to chemical and physical soil quality improved with the application of amendments. Gaps in the literature remain, such as assessing urban gardens, soil to depths greater than 30 cm, and the persistence of SOM in amended soils. This meta-analysis proposes that organic matter amendments are a powerful means to improve soil quality in urban regions, provide vital cobenefits to surrounding communities, and increase soil carbon storage.</p>
Steering microbiomes by organic amendments towards climate-smart agricultural soils
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Data from: Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) growth response to nitrogen in a sandy soil amended with acidified manure and municipal sludge after “Quick Wash” treatment
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Data from: Phosphorus release from unamended and gypsum-or biochar-amended soils under simulated spring snowmelt and summer flooding conditions
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Effect of soil carbon amendments in reversing the legacy effect of plant invasion
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Data from: Impacts of organic matter amendments on urban soil carbon and soil quality: A meta-analysis
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Hydrology, geochemistry, and microbiology data from meter-scale infiltration experiments exploring the impact of a woodchip soil amendment on nitrate removal during infiltration
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Effects of biochar soil amendments on soil properties and plant recruitment in coastal climate change adaptation projects
<p>Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced through the pyrolysis of organic waste from the agricultural and forestry industries. Because black carbon is chemically stable, its application to agricultural fields is being touted as a method to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions as it has been shown to improve the fertility of the soil and crop yields as well as increase carbon sequestration. This data publication archives data from a set of paired restoration projects that incorporated biochar soil amendments to test the ability of biochar to provide positive ecosystem or carbon sequestration benefits.</p>
Evaluating Heavy Metal Mobility in Contaminated Soils Amended with Biochar: A Kinetic Perspective
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Effects of biochar soil amendments on soil properties and plant recruitment in coastal climate change adaptation projects
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Assessment of transcriptional reprogramming of lettuce roots in response to chitin soil amendment
GEO Series GSE224725. Lactuca sativa var. capitata. 10 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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OpenNeuro
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