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67 results for “soil heterogeneity”
Data from: Herbivore species and patch heterogeneity modulate grazing-induced shifts in soil nematode trophic structure and energy flux
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Data from: Soil nutrient heterogeneity alters productivity and diversity of experimental plant communities under multiple global change factors
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Soil properties shape the heterogeneity of denitrification and N2O emissions across large-scale flooded paddy soils
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Data from: Spatial heterogeneity of plant-soil feedbacks increases per capita reproductive biomass of species at an establishment disadvantage
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Data from: Soil carbon response to woody plant encroachment: Importance of spatial heterogeneity and deep soil storage
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Spatial heterogeneity in soil pyrogenic carbon mediates tree growth and physiology following wildfire
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The effect of light availability and spatio-temporal heterogeneity on the soil seed bank diversity in temperate forests
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Nitrogen enrichment drives accelerative effect of soil heterogeneity on the flowering phenology of a dominant grass
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Alpine climate and soils heterogeneity data and simulation results
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Soil microbial community shifts explain habitat heterogeneity in two Haloxylon species from a nutrient perspective
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Spatial heterogeneity and environmental predictors of permafrost region soil organic carbon stocks
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Soil nitrate and ammonium: Soil Heterogeneity and Plant Diversity in an Oak Savanna
This experiment was established in field D in August of 1991. There are 30, 2m x 2m plots. These plots are in prairie openings in unmanipulated natural vegetation. They were placed in a haphazard manner, being about 20m apart within an opening. Each plot was divided into 16, 0.5m x 0.5m subplots. Percent cover estimates of vegetation are done in September for each of the sixteen subplots in each of the 30 plots.
Percent light penetration: Soil Heterogeneity and Plant Diversity in an Oak Savanna
This experiment was established in field D in August of 1991. There are 30, 2m x 2m plots. These plots are in prairie openings in unmanipulated natural vegetation. They were placed in a haphazard manner, being about 20m apart within an opening. Each plot was divided into 16, 0.5m x 0.5m subplots. Percent cover estimates of vegetation are done in September for each of the sixteen subplots in each of the 30 plots.
Seedling density: Soil Heterogeneity and Plant Diversity in an Oak Savanna
This experiment was established in field D in August of 1991. There are 30, 2m x 2m plots. These plots are in prairie openings in unmanipulated natural vegetation. They were placed in a haphazard manner, being about 20m apart within an opening. Each plot was divided into 16, 0.5m x 0.5m subplots. Percent cover estimates of vegetation are done in September for each of the sixteen subplots in each of the 30 plots.
Plant species percent cover data: Soil Heterogeneity and Plant Diversity in an Oak Savanna
This experiment was established in field D in August of 1991. There are 30, 2m x 2m plots. These plots are in prairie openings in unmanipulated natural vegetation. They were placed in a haphazard manner, being about 20m apart within an opening. Each plot was divided into 16, 0.5m x 0.5m subplots. Percent cover estimates of vegetation are done in September for each of the sixteen subplots in each of the 30 plots.
Reproductive output--number of flowering heads: Soil Heterogeneity With Disturbance
This study is one of six experiments (E086, E103, E104, E105, E106, E107, E108) that test the influence of many factors on the diversity and abundance of prairie plant communities. Each "community" is a 2.25 meter square plot seeded with the same amount of seeds from 59 different species of plants. The first experiment is a nitrogen-fire-water factorial. The second experiment is a nitrogen-pH factorial. The third experiment is a nitrogen gradient and the fourth experiment is a nitrogen gradient with a diversity of seeds added each year. This fifth experiment is a disturbance gradient and this experiment (E107) has three levels of soil heterogeneity (variance from the mean) for both nitrogen and pH.
Data from: Multiple scales of spatial heterogeneity control soil respiration responses to precipitation across a dryland rainfall gradient
<p><i>Aims –</i> Soil respiration (R<sub>s</sub>) is a major pathway for releasing fixed carbon back to the atmosphere. However, controls over R<sub>s</sub> are poorly understood in arid and hyper-arid systems where microbial activity is frequently constrained by moisture. We addressed key uncertainties in R<sub>s</sub>: 1) How do short-term rainfall pulses affect R<sub>s</sub> at sites that differ in long-term precipitation inputs?, 2) how do R<sub>s</sub> responses to short and long-term rainfall differ across soil surfaces?, and 3) how are R<sub>s</sub> responses affected by local-scale attributes?</p> <p><i>Methods – </i>We measured R<sub>s</sub> responses to rainfall pulses over a 48 h period. Working across a climate gradient, we compared R<sub>s </sub>responses on two contrasting soil surfaces which both had two vegetation/soil morphology patch types that differed in organic matter inputs and accumulation.</p> <p><i>Results – </i>Rates of R<sub>s </sub>were low, but highly responsive to rainfall pulses. Stimulation of R<sub>s </sub>by rainfall was generally greater in areas with higher annual rainfall. However, patterns for R<sub>s </sub>responses to rainfall differed greatly on the two soil surfaces and among patch types.</p> <p><i>Conclusions – </i>The strong role of patch type and soil surface in controlling R<sub>s</sub> points to the need to carefully consider small-scale spatial and temporal variation when interpreting dryland biogeochemical fluxes.</p>
Data from: Spatial soil heterogeneity has a greater effect on symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities and plant growth than genetic modification with Bacillus thuringiensis toxin genes
Maize, genetically modified with the insect toxin genes of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), is widely cultivated, yet its impacts on soil organisms are poorly understood. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic associations with plant roots and may be uniquely sensitive to genetic changes within a plant host. In this field study, the effects of nine different lines of Bt maize and their corresponding non-Bt parental isolines were evaluated on AMF colonization and community diversity in plant roots. Plants were harvested 60 days after sowing, and data were collected on plant growth and per cent AMF colonization of roots. AMF community composition in roots was assessed using 454 pyrosequencing of the 28S rRNA genes, and spatial variation in mycorrhizal communities within replicated experimental field plots was examined. Growth responses, per cent AMF colonization of roots and AMF community diversity in roots did not differ between Bt and non-Bt maize, but root and shoot biomass and per cent colonization by arbuscules varied by maize cultivar. Plot identity had the most significant effect on plant growth, AMF colonization and AMF community composition in roots, indicating spatial heterogeneity in the field. Mycorrhizal fungal communities in maize roots were autocorrelated within approximately 1 m, but at greater distances, AMF community composition of roots differed between plants. Our findings indicate that spatial variation and heterogeneity in the field has a greater effect on the structure of AMF communities than host plant cultivar or modification by Bt toxin genes.
Data from: Biomass responses to elevated CO2, soil heterogeneity and diversity: an experimental assessment with grassland assemblages
While it is well-established that the spatial distribution of soil nutrients (soil heterogeneity) influences the competitive ability and survival of individual plants, as well as the productivity of plant communities, there is a paucity of data on how soil heterogeneity and global change drivers interact to affect plant performance and ecosystem functioning. To evaluate the effects of elevated CO2, soil heterogeneity and diversity (species richness and composition) on productivity, patterns of biomass allocation and root foraging precision, we conducted an experiment with grassland assemblages formed by monocultures, two- and three-species mixtures of Lolium perenne, Plantago lanceolata and Holcus lanatus. The experiment lasted for 90 days, and was conducted on microcosms built out of PVC pipe (length 38 cm, internal diameter 10 cm). When nutrients were heterogeneously supplied (in discrete patches), assemblages exhibited precise root foraging patterns, and had higher total, above- and belowground biomass. Greater aboveground biomass was observed under elevated CO2. Species composition affected the below:aboveground biomass ratio and interacted with nutrient heterogeneity to determine belowground and total biomass. Species richness had no significant effects, and did not interact with either CO2 or nutrient heterogeneity. Under elevated CO2 conditions, the two- and three-species mixtures showed a clear trend towards underyielding. Our results show that differences among composition levels were dependent on soil heterogeneity, highlighting its potential role in modulating diversity–productivity relationships.
Data from: Spatial heterogeneity in soil nutrient supply modulates nutrient and biomass responses to multiple global change drivers in model grassland communities
Changes in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide ([CO2]), nutrient availability and biotic diversity are three major drivers of the ongoing global change impacting terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. While it is well established that soil nutrient heterogeneity exerts a strong influence on the development of plant individuals and communities, it is virtually unknown how nutrient heterogeneity and global change drivers interact to affect plant performance and ecosystem functioning. We conducted a microcosm experiment to evaluate the effect of simultaneous changes in [CO2], nutrient heterogeneity (NH), nutrient availability (NA) and species evenness on the biomass and nutrient uptake patterns of assemblages formed by Lolium perenne, Plantago lanceolata and Holcus lanatus. When the nutrients were heterogeneously supplied,assemblages exhibited precise root foraging patterns, and had higher above- and belowground biomass (average increases of 32% and 29% for above- and belowground biomass, respectively). Nutrient heterogeneity also modulated the effects of NA on biomass production, complementarity in nitrogen uptake and below: aboveground ratio, as well as those of [CO2] on the nutrient use efficiency at the assemblage level. Our results show that nutrient heterogeneity has the potential to influence the response of plant assemblages to simultaneous changes in [CO2], nutrient availability and biotic diversity, and suggest that it is an important environmental factor to interpret and assess plant assemblage responses to global change.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.