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172 results for “soil impacts”
Data to support the publication "The Impact of Soil-Improving Cropping Practices on Erosion Rates: A Stakeholder-Oriented Field Experiment Assessment" https://doi.org/10.3390/land10090964
<p>Underlying data of soil measurements and analysis by TUC team for the publication “The Impact of Soil-Improving Cropping Practices on Erosion Rates: A Stakeholder-Oriented Field Experiment Assessment” <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/land10090964">https://doi.org/10.3390/land10090964</a> from the SoilCare project study sites in Crete. </p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>The risk of erosion is particularly high in Mediterranean areas, especially in areas that are subject to a not so effective agricultural management–or with some omissions–, land abandonment or wildfires. Soils on Crete are under imminent threat of desertification, characterized by loss of vegetation, water erosion, and subsequently, loss of soil. Several large-scale studies have estimated average soil erosion on the island between 6 and 8 Mg/ha/year, but more localized investigations assess soil losses one order of magnitude higher. An experiment initiated in 2017, under the framework of the SoilCare H2020 EU project, aimed to evaluate the effect of different management practices on the soil erosion. The experiment was set up in control versus treatment experimental design including different sets of treatments, targeting the most important cultivations on Crete (olive orchards, vineyards, fruit orchards). The minimum-to-no tillage practice was adopted as an erosion mitigation practice for the olive orchard study site, while for the vineyard site, the cover crop practice was used. For the fruit orchard field, the crop-type change procedure (orange to avocado) was used. The experiment demonstrated that soil-improving cropping techniques have an important impact on soil erosion, and as a result, on soil water conservation that is of primary importance, especially for the Mediterranean dry regions. The demonstration of the findings is of practical use to most stakeholders, especially those that live and work with the local land.</p>
Data collected for: The contrasted impacts of grasshoppers on soil microbial activities in function of ecosystem productivity and herbivore diet
<p>Herbivory can have contrasted impacts on soil microbes and nutrient cycling, which has stimulated the development of conceptual frameworks exploring the links between below- and aboveground processes. The "productivity model" predicts that herbivores stimulate microbial activities and accelerate nutrient mineralization in productive ecosystems, while they have an opposite effect in less productive ecosystems. In parallel, the "diet model" predicts that herbivores feeding on conservative plants accelerate nutrient cycling while those feeding on exploitative plants decelerate nutrient cycling, due to changes in litter inputs. Since these two frameworks can lead to conflicting predictions in some cases, experimental evidence combining herbivore diet and productivity is required.</p> <p>During two consecutive years, we conducted an experiment controlling the presence of three grasshopper species consuming either grasses, forbs or both in twelve natural and managed alpine grasslands of contrasted productivities. In order to assess the effects of herbivory on soil microbes, we measured their enzymatic activities, their biomass and the soil potential nitrogen mineralization (PNM). Soil and vegetation characteristics were also determined in order to test if they modulated the effects of herbivory on microbes.</p> <p>Contrary to the predictions of the diet model, the effects of herbivory on microbial characteristics did not depend on the herbivores diet but relied on ecosystem productivity. The most productive sites were characterized by exploitative plant species which depleted N resources in the soil, and by microbes producing relatively few extracellular enzymes, leading to a lower PNM. Herbivory increased microbial biomass and decreased the production of extracellular enzymes in those sites, possibly through the stimulation of root exudates produced by exploitative species. The least productive sites were characterized by conservative plants, which led to the sequestration of soil C, and by microbes having a resource acquisition strategy (more extracellular enzymes, higher PNM). Herbivory decreased microbial biomass and increased the production of extracellular enzymes in those sites. This pattern can be explained by the loss of carbon associated with insect respiration, which increases the need for microbes to acquire resources and by a lower production of root exudates by conservative species. Therefore, the effects of two years of herbivory on soil microbes were at odds with the productivity model, which focuses instead on longer term effects corresponding to herbivory-induced changes in plant species composition. This highlights the multidimensional feature of the impacts of herbivory on ecosystem functioning, both in space and time.</p>
Combined_ST_SM_Changes_Impacts Soil moisture observations
<p>There are 956 observational soil moisture data files with detailed information about the files in ReadMe.txt.</p>
Unveiling the impact of soil methane sink on atmospheric methane concentrations in 2020
<p>In 2020, anthropogenic methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions decreased due to COVID-19 containment policies, but there was a substantial increase in the concentration of atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub>. Previous research suggested that this abnormal increase was linked to higher wetland CH<sub>4</sub> emissions and a decrease in the atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub> sink. However, the impact of changes in the soil CH<sub>4</sub> sink remained unknown. To address this, we utilized a process-based model to quantify the alterations in the soil CH<sub>4</sub> sink of terrestrial ecosystems between 2019 and 2020. By implementing the model with various datasets, we consistently observed an increase in the global soil CH<sub>4</sub> sink, reaching up to 0.35 ± 0.06 Tg in 2020 compared to 2019. This increase was primarily attributed to warmer soil temperatures in northern high latitudes. These findings emphasize the importance of considering the CH<sub>4</sub> sink in terrestrial ecosystems, as neglecting it can lead to an underestimation of both emission increases and reductions in atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub> sink capacity. Furthermore, they highlight the potential role of increased soil warmth in terrestrial ecosystems in slowing the growth of CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations in the atmosphere.</p>
Supporting data for "Granularity of model input data impacts estimates of carbon storage in soils"
<p>The exchange of carbon between the soil and the atmosphere is an important factor in climate change. Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage is sensitive to land management, soil properties, and climatic conditions, and these data serve as key inputs to computer models projecting SOC change. Farmland has been identified as a sink for atmospheric carbon, and we have previously estimated the potential for SOC sequestration in agricultural soils in Vermont, USA using the Rothamsted Carbon Model. However, fine spatial-scale (high granularity) input data are not always available, which can limit the skill of SOC projections. For example, climate projections are often only available at scales of 10s to 100s of km2. To overcome this, we use a climate projection dataset downscaled to <1 km2 (~18,000 cells). We compare SOC from runs forced by high granularity input data to runs forced by aggregated data averaged over the 11,690 km2 study region. We spin up and run the model individually for each cell in the fine-scale runs and for the region in the aggregated runs factorially over three agricultural land uses and four Global Climate Models. </p> <p>In this repository are the downscaled climate input data that drive the RothC model, as well as the model outputs for each GCM.</p>
Model configuration files and forcing data for Implementing deep soil and dynamic root uptake in Noah-MP (v4.5): impact on Amazon dry-season transpiration
<p>This repository includes the model configuration files, input data, and forcing data used for simulations in Bieri et al. (2025) - <em>Implementing deep soil and dynamic root uptake in Noah-MP (v4.5): impact on Amazon dry-season transpiration.</em></p> <ul> <li>forcing.tar.gz - Compressed folder containing HRLDAS Noah-MP model forcing NetCDF files <ul> <li>These forcing files were derived from the NASA Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS; Beaudoing et al. 2020)</li> <li>The compressed file contains 3-hourly forcing files for the entire simulation period (01 Jun 2000 to 31 Dec 2019)</li> </ul> </li> <li>wrfinput_d01 - NetCDF file used as HRLDAS input file in HRLDAS Noah-MP simulations <ul> <li>Generated from WRF WPS (https://github.com/wrf-model/WPS)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Namelist files <ul> <li>namelist.hrldas.ROOT - Model namelist settings used for ROOT experiment</li> <li>namelist.hrldas.SOIL - Model namelist settings used for SOIL experiment</li> <li>namelist.hrldas.GW - Model namelist settings used for GW experiment</li> <li>namelist.hrldas.CONTROL - Model namelist settings used for FD (CONTROL) experiment</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Figure 3 in Impact of dike age on biodiversity and functional composition of soil macrofaunal communities in poplar forests in a reclaimed coastal area
Figure 3. PCoA ordinal configuration of soil macrofaunal communities from different habitats by Euclidean distance similarity index. In the code of the samples, the prefix means the code of the habitat, and the suffix means the number of the sample.
Figure 2 in Impact of dike age on biodiversity and functional composition of soil macrofaunal communities in poplar forests in a reclaimed coastal area
Figure 2. One-way ANOVA of taxonomic richness and abundance (A) and Margalef 's richness index R and Shannon– Weaver diversity index H' (B) across different habitats (mean ± SE). Means with different scripts are significantly different by Dunnett's T3 test (A) and LSD test (B), α = 0.05.
Figure 4 in New insights on the impact of earthworm extract on the growth of beneficial soil fungi: species-specific alteration of the nematophagous fungal growth and limitation of an entomopathogenic fungus
Figure 4. Growth of Purpureocillium lilacinum after 20 days postexposer to two different earthworm based media: fresh earthworms (FE) (four concentration C1, C2, C3, and C4), and earthworms devoid of gut contents (EDG) (four concentration C1, C2, C3, and C4), C1 = 40 g/L, C2 = 20 g/L, C3 = 10 g/L, C4 = 5 g/L, and two rich media: potato dextrose agar (PDA), and brain heart infusion (BHI).
Figure 5 in New insights on the impact of earthworm extract on the growth of beneficial soil fungi: species-specific alteration of the nematophagous fungal growth and limitation of an entomopathogenic fungus
Figure 5. Evaluation of conidial germination of the fungus Beauveria bassiana exposed to two different earthworm extracts: fresh earthworms (FE) and earthworms without gut contents, EDG, and two conventional media: potato dextrose agar (PDA), and brain heart infusion agar (BHI). A. Percentage germination on conventional and earthworm-based media. B. Percent germination as a function of concentration and earthworm-based medium. Concentrations are equivalent to C1 = 40 g/L, C2 = 20 g/L, C3 = 10 g/L, and C4 = 5 g/L. Results of one-way ANOVA (A) or two-way ANOVA (B), and differences are significant according to Tukey's test (HSD) and groups "a", "b" and "c".
Figure 3 in New insights on the impact of earthworm extract on the growth of beneficial soil fungi: species-specific alteration of the nematophagous fungal growth and limitation of an entomopathogenic fungus
Figure 3. Evaluation of vegetative growth, conidial production and germination in the fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum exposed to two earthworm extracts: fresh earthworm (FE), earthworms devoid of intestinal contents (EDG) and two conventional media: potato dextrose agar (PDA), and brain heart infusion agar (BHI). A. Cumulative growth from 3 to 18 days according to conventional and earthworm-based media. B. Cumulative growth as a function of concentration and earthworm-based medium. C. Conidia production (×10⁵ conidia/mL) according to conventional and earthworm-based media. D. Conidia production (×10⁵ conidia/mL) according to concentration and earthworm-based medium. E. Percent germination on conventional and earthworm-based media. F. Percent germination as a function of concentration and earthworm-based medium. Concentrations are equivalent to C1 = 40 g/L, C2 = 20 g/L, C3 = 10 g/L, and C4 = 5 g/L. Results of one-way ANOVA (A, C, E) or two-way ANOVA (B, D, F), and differences are significant at Tukey's test (HSD) and groups "a", "b" and "c".
Figure 1 in New insights on the impact of earthworm extract on the growth of beneficial soil fungi: species-specific alteration of the nematophagous fungal growth and limitation of an entomopathogenic fungus
Figure 1. Evaluation of vegetative growth, conidial production and germination in the fungus Arthrobotris musiformis exposed to two earthworms' extracts: fresh earthworm (FE), earthworms devoid of intestinal contents (EDG) and two conventional media: potato dextrose agar (PDA), and brain heart infusion agar (BHI). A. Cumulative growth from 3 to 18 days according to conventional and earthworm-based media. B. Cumulative growth as a function of concentration and earthworm-based medium. C. Conidia production (×10⁵ conidia/mL) according to conventional and earthworm-based media. D. Conidia production (×10⁵ conidia/mL) according to concentration and earthworm-based medium. E. Percent germination on conventional and earthworm-based media. F. Percent germination as a function of concentration and earthworm-based medium. Concentrations are equivalent to C1 = 40 g/L, C2 = 20 g/L, C3 = 10 g/L, and C4 = 5 g/L. Results of one-way ANOVA (A, C, E) or two-way ANOVA (B, D, F), and differences are significant at Tukey's test (HSD) and groups "a", "b" and "c".
Figure 2 in Edaphic characteristics and environmental impact of rubber tree plantations on soil mite (Acari) communities
Figure 2 Abundance logarithmic transformation – logx (+1) of Gamasida (A) and Oribatida (B) major groups across the land use types. SF: secondary forests, R7: 7-year-old rubber plantations, R12: 12- year-old rubber plantations, R25: 25-year-old rubber plantations. N = 120; one-way ANOVA test,p
data sets for the article Short‑term impact of crop diversifcation on soil carbon fuxes and balance in rainfed and irrigated woody cropping systems under semiarid Mediterranean conditions
<p>Diversifcation practices such as intercropping in woody cropping systems have recently been proposed as a promising management strategy for addressing problems related to soil degradation, climate change mitigation and food security. In this study, we assess the impact of several diversifcation practices in diferent management regimes on the main carbon fuxes regulating the soil carbon balance under semiarid Mediterranean conditions.</p>
Data for: Heavy metal pollution impacts soil bacterial community structure and antimicrobial resistance at the Birmingham 35th Avenue Superfund Site
<p>The data in this archive are the results of a study on the impact of heavy metals (HMs) on the soil microbiota of an urban Superfund site in Alabama. HMs are known to modify bacterial communities both in the laboratory and in situ. Consequently, soils in HM-contaminated sites such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund sites are predicted to have altered ecosystem functioning, with potential ramifications for the health of organisms, including humans, that live nearby. Further, several studies have shown that heavy metal-resistant (HMR) bacteria often also display antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and therefore HM-contaminated soils could potentially act as reservoirs that could disseminate AMR genes into human-associated pathogenic bacteria. To explore this possibility, topsoil samples were collected from six public locations in the zip code 35207 (the home of the North Birmingham 35th Avenue Superfund Site) and in six public areas in the neighboring zip code, 35214. 35027 soils had significantly elevated levels of the HMs As, Mn, Pb, and Zn, and sequencing of the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed that elevated HM concentrations correlated with reduced microbial diversity and altered community structure. While there was no difference between zip codes in the proportion of total culturable HMR bacteria, bacterial isolates with HMR almost always also exhibited AMR. Metagenomes inferred using PICRUSt2 also predicted significantly higher mean relative frequencies in 35207 for several AMR genes related to both specific and broad-spectrum AMR phenotypes. Together, these results support the hypothesis that chronic HM pollution alters the soil bacterial community structure in ecologically meaningful ways and may also select for bacteria with increased potential to contribute to AMR in human disease.</p>
Impact of Schistosomiasis, Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis and Anaemia on preschool and school-age children's health condition: post treatment predictive mapping in Benin Republic.
<p>This dataset provides information about the epidemiology of schistosomiasis, soil transmitted helminthiasis and anemia alongside malnutrition among preschool and school age children in Ouake and Bembereke districts of donga and borgou departments in Benin republic.</p>
Data collected for: The contrasted impacts of grasshoppers on soil microbial activities in function of ecosystem productivity and herbivore diet
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Unveiling the impact of soil methane sink on atmospheric methane concentrations in 2020
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Impacts of an omnivorous ungulate on plant communities and soil organic carbon
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data for: Heavy metal pollution impacts soil bacterial community structure and antimicrobial resistance at the Birmingham 35th Avenue Superfund Site
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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