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43 results for “soil microbial biomass”
Data from: Biogeographic patterns of soil microbial biomass in alpine ecosystems depend on local rather than regional drivers
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Data from: Grazing enhances belowground carbon allocation, microbial biomass, and soil carbon in a subtropical grassland
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Abiotic and biotic drivers of tree trait effects on soil microbial biomass and soil carbon concentration
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Soil property, microbial abundance, and plant and invertebrate biomass data across a natural soil temperature gradient in Iceland from August 2018
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Tree diversity effects on soil microbial biomass and respiration are context-dependent across forest diversity experiments
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Impact of multiple soil microbial inoculants on biomass and biomass allocation of the legume crop field pea (Fabaceae: Pisum sativum L.)
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Data from: Soil microbial biomass increases along elevational gradients in the tropics and sub-tropics but not elsewhere
Abstract Aim: Our aim is to use elevational gradients to quantify the relationship between temperature and ecosystem functioning. Ecosystem functions such as decomposition, nutrient cycling and carbon storage are linked with the amount of microbial biomass in the soil. Previous studies have shown variable relationships between elevation and soil microbial biomass (SMB). Understanding the biological mechanisms linking SMB with elevational gradients will shed light on the environmental impacts of global warming. Location: Global. Time period: 2002-2018. Major taxa studied: Soil microbes. Method: We performed a global meta-analysis of the relationships between SMB and elevation. Data were collected from 59 studies of 73 elevational transects from around the world. Results: We found no consistent global relationship between SMB and elevation. SMB increased significantly with elevation in the tropics and sub-tropics, but not in other climate zones. However, we found consistent positive relationships between SMB, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations. Main conclusions: Our results suggest that global warming will impact tropical and sub-tropical ecosystems more severely than colder regions. Tropical ecosystems, already at risk from species extinctions, will likely experience declines in SMB as the climate warms, resulting in losses of fundamental ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling and carbon storage.
Data from: Plant diversity improves resistance of plant biomass and soil microbial communities to drought
<p>1. Biodiversity is known to affect ecosystem resistance and have implications for the maintenance of ecosystem functions and services under climate change. Compared to numbers of studies focusing on aboveground vegetation, the response of belowground communities to abiotic stresses along plant diversity gradients is often ignored and is considered an important knowledge gap in ecosystem ecology. Here we conducted an integrative research to evaluate the resistance of plant biomass, and soil microbial communities and associated functional profiles to drought under varying plant diversity.</p> <p>2. We carried out a three-year manipulation experiment by factorially controlling plant diversity gradient (1, 2, 4, and 8 species richness) and soil moisture treatment (drought and non-drought), and investigated the responses of plant biomass, soil bacterial and fungal diversity and community composition, soil glomalin, and five key soil enzymes.</p> <p>3. We found that plant diversity significantly improved the resistance of soil fungal communities and microbial functional profiles characterized by soil glomalin and five key enzymes, which was partly driven by the availability and accessibility of soil resources (e.g., soil moisture and organic matter) mediated by plant diversity. Further, our results indicated that the enhanced resistance of fungal communities was consistent with ecological insurance theory that diverse fungal communities at high plant diversity had a higher probability of containing taxa that adapt to drought.</p> <p>4. <em>Synthesis</em>. Our study provides novel empirical insights into the mechanism underlying the regulatory effect of plant diversity on resistance of aboveground vegetation and belowground biota to drought, with implications for understanding ecosystem response to climate change and improving biodiversity conservation practices.</p>
Soil microbial biomass C, N in biocrust: A meta-analysis
<p><span>The biological soil crust (biocrust) has many crucial ecological functions in dryland ecosystems. </span><span>Differentiation</span><span> of soil microbial biomass in different ecosystems' biocrust under various climatic and soil conditions remains unknown, restricting our knowledge of biocrust microbiomes regulating terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycling globally. We selected 255 paired observations from 45 global study sites for meta-analysis to quantify the effect of biocrust type, soil texture, and ecosystem type on soil microbial biomass in biocrust and identify the underlying impact factors. The results showed that</span> <span>biocrust had significantly higher soil microbial carbon and nitrogen contents (SMBC and SMBN, respectively) than bare (non-crust) soil (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Biocrust also significantly increased total nitrogen (TN) (143.68%), soil organic carbon (SOC) and TN ratio (C: N) (9.93%), and soil water content (SWC) (60.18%), and decreased pH (0.72%) (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Overall, the SMBC significantly differed between biocrust type, ecosystem type, and soil texture (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Compared with other biocrust types, lichen crust had the strongest positive effect on SMBC (822.48%). Grassland ecosystems had stronger positive effects on SMBC in biocrust than forest ecosystems, and sand and sandy loam soils had higher SMBC in biocrust than loam soils. Notably, altitude drives the positive effects of biocrust on SMBN and the negative effects of biocrust on SMBC and SMBC and SMBN ratio (SMBC: SMBN). Mean annual temperature (MAT) positively affected SMBC based on regression analysis. Further analysis revealed that SMBC and SMBN positively correlated with SOC, C: N, SWC, and urease activity and negatively correlated with pH. The random forest analysis confirmed that SOC, C: N, and altitude could be considered determinants of SMBC, SMBN, and SMBC: SMBN, respectively. Climatic factors and soil nutrients differently affected soil microbial biomass C, N and their ratio in biocrust. The high contribution of lichen crust to SMBC should be incorporated into regional and global models to predict the effects of climate change on soil carbon budgets in ecosystems worldwide.</span></p>
Soil microbial biomass C, N in biocrust: A meta-analysis
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Data from: Soil microbial biomass increases along elevational gradients in the tropics and sub-tropics but not elsewhere
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Data from: Plant diversity improves resistance of plant biomass and soil microbial communities to drought
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The vertical distribution of soil microbial biomass carbon: A global dataset
<p>Soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) is important in regulating soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics along soil profiles by mediating the decomposition and formation of SOC. The dataset is about the vertical distributions of SOC, SMBC, and soil microbial quotient (SMQ = SMBC/SOC) and their relations to environmental factors across five continents. Data are collected from literature, with a total of 289 soil profiles and 1040 observations in different soil layers compiled. The associated environment data were also collectd including climate, ecosystem types, and edaphic factors. More specifically, we develop this dataset by compiling data from 59 papers published in the Web of Sciene and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure from the year of 1970 to 2019. All the data included in this dataset meet two creteria: 1) there are at least three soil layers along a soil profile, and 2) soil MBC is measured using the fumigation extraction method. The data were obtained from tables and texts from literature directly, and the data in figures were extracted using GetData Graph digitizer software version 2.25. When climate and soil properties are not available from publications, we obtainted the data from the World Weather Information Service (https://worldweather.wmo.int/en/home.html) and SoilGrids at a spatial resolution of 250 meters (version 0.5.3, https://soilgrids.org).</p> <p>The units of all the variables are converted to the standard international units or commonly used ones and the values are converted correspondingly. For example, the value of soil organic matter (SOM) is converted to SOC using the equation (SOC = SOM × 0.58). Soil depth is calculated as the arithmetic mean value of the upper and lower boundaries for a given soil layer.</p> <p>This dataset can be used in predicting global SOC change along soil profiles using the multi-layer soil C models. It can also be used to analyse how soil microbial biomass changes with plant roots as well as the composition, structure, and functions of soil microbial communities along soil profiles at large spatial scales. This dataset offers opportunities to improve our prediction of SOC dynamics under global changes and to advance our understanding of the environmental controls.</p>
Data from: Soil microbial species loss affects plant biomass and survival of an introduced bacterial strain, but not inducible plant defences
- Background and Aims: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains can influence plant-insect interactions. However, little is known about the effect of changes in the soil bacterial community in general and especially the loss of rare soil microbes on these interactions. Here, the influence of rare soil microbe-reduction on induced systemic resistance (ISR) in a wild ecotype of Arabidopsis thaliana against the aphid Myzus persicae was investigated. - Methods: To create a gradient of microbial abundances, soil was inoculated with a serial dilution of a microbial community and responses of Arabidopsis plants that originated from the same site as the soil microbes were tested. Plant biomass, transcription of genes involved in plant defences, and insect performance were measured. In addition, the effects of the PGPR strain Pseudomonas fluorescens SS101 on plant and insect performance were tested under influence of the various soil dilution treatments. - Key Results: Plant biomass showed a hump-shaped relationship with soil microbial community dilution, independent of aphid or Pseudomonas treatments. Both aphid infestation and inoculation with Pseudomonas reduced plant biomass, and led to downregulation of PR1 (salicylic acid-responsive gene) and CYP79B3 (involved in synthesis of glucosinolates). Aphid performance and gene transcription were unaffected by soil dilution. - Conclusions: Neither the loss of rare microbial species, as caused by soil dilution, nor Pseudomonas, affect the resistance of A. thaliana against M. persicae. However, both Pseudomonas survival and plant biomass respond to rare species loss. Thus, loss of rare soil microbial species can have a significant impact on both above- and belowground organisms.
Data from: Soil microbial species loss affects plant biomass and survival of an introduced bacterial strain, but not inducible plant defences
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Soil microbial biomass and enzyme kinetics for the assessment of temporal diversification in agroecosystems
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A Compilation of Global Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Data
This data set provides the concentrations of soil microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus at biome and global scales. The data were compiled from a comprehensive survey of publications from the late 1970s to 2012 and include 3,422 data points from 315 papers. These data are from soil samples collected primarily at 0-15 cm depth with some from 0-30 cm. In addition, data were compiled for soil microbial biomass concentrations from soil profile samples to depths of 100 cm. Sampling site latitude and longitude were available for the majority of the samples that enabled assembling additional soil properties, site characteristics, vegetation distributions, biomes, and long-term climate data from several global sources of soil, land-cover, and climate data. These site attributes are included with the microbial biomass data. This data set contains two *.csv files of the soil microbial biomass C, N, P data. The first provides all compiled results emphasizing the full spatial extent of the data, while the second is a subset that provides only data from a series of profile samples emphasizing the vertical distribution of microbial biomass concentrations.There is a companion file, also in .csv format, of the references for the surveyed publications. A reference_number relates the data to the respective publication.The concentrations of soil microbial biomass, in combination with other soil databases, were used to estimate the global storage of soil microbial biomass C and N in 0-30 cm and 0-100 cm soil profiles. These storage estimates were combined with a spatial map of 12 major biomes (boreal forest, temperate coniferous forest, temperate broadleaf forest, tropical and subtropical forests, mixed forest, grassland, shrub, tundra, desert, natural wetland, cropland, and pasture) at 0.05-degree by 0.5-degree spatial resolution. The biome map and six estimates of C and N storage and C:N ration in soil microbial biomass are provided in a single netCDF format file.
LBA-ECO ND-07 Microbial Biomass in Cerrado Soils, Brasilia, Brazil
This data set reports the microbial biomass in soil samples collected from the Cerrado, a woodlands-savannah area, in Brasilia, Brazil. Microbial biomass was determined as the total concentration of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Soil samples (0-5 cm) were collected from June, 2000 to June, 2001 in two native areas of Cerrado that were subjected to a range of fire regimes. Two plots were protected from fire since 1973, another two plots were subjected to prescribed fires every two years since 1992, and a fifth plot was in a 20 year-old active pasture (Brachiaria brizantha). The analyses were conducted to determine the effects of fire regimes and changes in vegetation cover on the microbial communities of Cerrada soils. There is one comma-separated ASCII data file with this data set.
Annual Removal of Aboveground Plant Biomass Alters Soil Microbial Responses to Warming
GEO Series GSE86527. Fungi; Viruses; Bacteria; Archaea. 24 samples. Type: Genome variation profiling by array.
Data from: Contrasting effects of ammonium and nitrate additions on the biomass of soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in subtropical China
The nitrate to ammonium ratios in nitrogen (N) compounds in wet atmospheric deposits have increased over the recent past, which is a cause for some concern as the individual effects of nitrate and ammonium deposition on the biomass of different soil microbial communities and enzyme activities are still poorly defined. We established a field experiment and applied ammonium (NH4Cl) and nitrate (NaNO3) at monthly intervals over a period of 4 years. We collected soil samples from the ammonium and nitrate treatments and control plots in three different seasons, namely spring, summer, and fall, to evaluate the how the biomass of different soil microbial communities and enzyme activities responded to the ammonium (NH4Cl) and nitrate (NaNO3) applications. Our results showed that the total contents of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) decreased by 24 and 11 % in the ammonium and nitrate treatments, respectively. The inhibitory effects of ammonium on Gram-positive bacteria (G+) and bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) PLFA contents ranged from 14 to 40 % across the three seasons. We also observed that the absolute activities of C, N, and P hydrolyses and oxidases were inhibited by ammonium and nitrate, but that nitrate had stronger inhibitory effects on the activities of acid phosphatase (AP) than ammonium. The activities of N-acquisition specific enzymes (enzyme activities normalized by total PLFA contents) were about 21 and 43 % lower in the ammonium and nitrate treatments than in the control, respectively. However, the activities of P-acquisition specific enzymes were about 19 % higher in the ammonium treatment than in the control. Using redundancy analysis (RDA), we found that the measured C, N, and P hydrolysis and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were positively correlated with the soil pH and ammonium contents, but were negatively correlated with the nitrate contents. The PLFA biomarker contents were positively correlated with soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and total N contents, but were negatively correlated with the ammonium contents. The soil enzyme activities varied seasonally, and were highest in March and lowest in October. In contrast, the contents of the microbial PLFA biomarkers were higher in October than in March and June. Ammonium may inhibit the contents of PLFA biomarkers more strongly than nitrate because of acidification. This study has provided useful information about the effects of ammonium and nitrate on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities.
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