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63 results for “soil profile”
Soil profile pits, carbon and vegetation data of an old Anogeissus grove in Mole National Park, Ghana
<p>Formation of forest islands in West Africa has been linked to anthropogenic soil improvement resulting in luxuriant tree growth in otherwise open savanna landscapes. However, there is limited understanding of how such unique ecosystems modulate soil carbon (C) dynamics and nutrient cycling. In this study, we report soil nutrient characteristics and two distinct soil organic carbon pools of Anogeissus grove (forest island) associated with abandoned village sites of the Mole National Park in the Guinea savanna or tropical continental climatic zone of Ghana, taking opportunity of a previously published study in Biotropica in 1978. We compared present-day differences in soil characteristics between the previously studied forest grove and adjoining open savanna in the Park and evaluated vegetation dynamics since first measurement in 1974. Overall, we see changes related to self-thinning and expansion of the grove on a decadal timescale. Soil organic matter and available phosphorus contents were greater in the grove and increased by 19.6 and 18.7%, respectively over time, showing persistence after four decades. Mineral associated organic carbon (MAOC) differed significantly (p<0.05) between the vegetation types, being 3.44% in the grove and 2.34% in the savanna. The grove was ca. 25% greater in particulate organic carbon (POC) content than the savanna. In both vegetation types, >55% of carbon was stabilized in the mineral fraction. Our study demonstrates long-term human impacts on soil and vegetation and offers a clear nature-based solution for climate change mitigation through sustainable land management by indigenous people towards achievement of the '4p1000' initiative.</p>
Vertical profiles of leaf photosynthesis and leaf traits, and soil nutrients in two tropical rainforests in French Guiana before and after a three-year nitrogen and phosphorus addition experiment
<p>We provide a comprehensive dataset of vertical profiles of photosynthetic capacity and important leaf traits, including leaf N and P concentrations, from two three-year, large-scale fertilisation experiments conducted in two tropical rainforests in French Guiana. These data present a unique source of information to further improve model representations of the roles of N, P, and other leaf nutrients, in photosynthesis in tropical forests. To further facilitate the use of our data in syntheses and model studies, we provide an elaborate list of ancillary data, including important soil properties and nutrients, along with the leaf data. As environmental drivers are key to improve our understanding of carbon (C)-nutrient cycle interactions, this comprehensive dataset will aid to further enhance our understanding of how nutrient availability interacts with C uptake in tropical forests.</p>
A photo of the typical view of organic, permaculture and conventional horticultural farms and a photo of a typical soil profile in a core sampler for each
<p>The pdf file contains an introduction slide (Slide 1) with the list of the introduced farms.</p> <p>There are 15 slides following the introductory file.</p> <p>Each slide has a photo of a horticultural farm, its code and a photo of one of its typical soil profiles.</p> <p>The photo of the profile was made of a soil core sampler that is 100 cm long.</p> <p>In some of the farms, there were multiple profiles revealed and photos were made, here we just show one of these.</p> <p>The majority of the soils are Luvisols but we have some 2 Fluvisols, 2 Chernozems and 2 Fluvisols.</p> <p>More information can be found in a published article: Szilágyi, A.; Plachi, E.; Nagy, P.; Simon, B.; Centeri, C. Assessing Earthworm Populations in Some Hungarian Horticultural Farms: Comparison of Conventional, Organic and Permaculture Farming. <em>Biol. Life Sci. Forum</em> <strong>2021</strong>, <em>2</em>, 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/BDEE2021-09416</p> <p>The purpose of the recent pdf is to provide information for an upcoming article in the journal of Diversity.</p> <p>All soil laboratory analyses have already been published for this purpose:</p> <p>https://zenodo.org/record/5717449#.YeoUYv7MJPY</p>
Soil carbon maintained by perennial grasslands but lost in field crop systems over 30 years in a temperate Mollisol according to longitudinal, compaction-corrected, full-soil profile analysis
<p>To mitigate climate change, some seek to store carbon from the atmosphere in agricultural soils. However, our understanding of how agriculture affects soil organic carbon (SOC) is muddied by studies 1) lacking longitudinal data, 2) ignoring bulk density changes, or 3) sampling only surface soils. To better understand SOC trends, here we measured changes over 30 years in density-corrected, full-soil-depth (90 cm) SOC stocks under 6 cropping systems and a restored prairie in a Mollisol of southern Wisconsin, USA. Cash-grain systems and alfalfa-based systems lost SOC. Prairie and rotationally-grazed pasture maintained SOC. Average SOC losses for cash-grain and alfalfa-based systems were -0.82 (±0.12) and -0.64 (±0.17) Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that incomplete methodologies overestimated SOC improvements. Our findings using more comprehensive methods demonstrate the inadequacy of row-crop systems and the need for well-managed grasslands to protect SOC in productive agricultural soils of the Upper Midwest USA.</p>
Soil profile pits, carbon and vegetation data of an old Anogeissus grove in Mole National Park, Ghana
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Soil inoculation alters leaf metabolic profiles in genetically identical plants
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Predicting soil interpedal macroporosity and hydraulic conductivity dynamics: A model for integrating laser-scanned profile imagery with soil moisture sensor data
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Soil ammonium: Schizachyrium scoparium Nutrient Uptake Profiles
The objective of this experiment is to determine the distances over which Schizachyrium scoparium can reduce available soil N. This experiment is being conducted in field B, outside the fenced area of the microplots. Each experimental unit consists of a circular plot of 3 meters diameter, at the center of which there is a Schizachyrium scoparium plant. Two treatments are being tested: 1 (=A). All the vegetation around the central S. scoparium was killed with roundup at a rate of 2.04 g/m2 (1g of Isopropylamine salt of N (phosphonomethyl ) Glycine ). Spraying was repeated at the same rate as needed (Yearly folder). A plastic barrier, 80 cm high, was placed around each Schizachyrium scoparium plant to protect it from any drift that might occur. The area sprayed is the circle with 2 m radius around the central plant. 2 (=B). The vegetation around S. scoparium is left intact. Each treatment is replicated 5 times. The two treatments were randomly assigned to the 10 plots of the experiment. The plot layout is: Plot # Treatment 1 2 2 1 3 2 4 2 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 2 9 2 10 1 Soil samples were taken several times and the amount of ammonium and nitrate were determined at the lab. Soil samples were also taken once for mineralization rate, microbial biomass and total carbon determination. When plants reached maturity, they were harvested and dried for dry matter determination, then ground for tissue nitrogen determination. For an additional list of treatments see the treatment layouts in file trmte38.
Soil nitrate: Schizachyrium scoparium Nutrient Uptake Profiles
The objective of this experiment is to determine the distances over which Schizachyrium scoparium can reduce available soil N. This experiment is being conducted in field B, outside the fenced area of the microplots. Each experimental unit consists of a circular plot of 3 meters diameter, at the center of which there is a Schizachyrium scoparium plant. Two treatments are being tested: 1 (=A). All the vegetation around the central S. scoparium was killed with roundup at a rate of 2.04 g/m2 (1g of Isopropylamine salt of N (phosphonomethyl ) Glycine ). Spraying was repeated at the same rate as needed (Yearly folder). A plastic barrier, 80 cm high, was placed around each Schizachyrium scoparium plant to protect it from any drift that might occur. The area sprayed is the circle with 2 m radius around the central plant. 2 (=B). The vegetation around S. scoparium is left intact. Each treatment is replicated 5 times. The two treatments were randomly assigned to the 10 plots of the experiment. The plot layout is: Plot # Treatment 1 2 2 1 3 2 4 2 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 2 9 2 10 1 Soil samples were taken several times and the amount of ammonium and nitrate were determined at the lab. Soil samples were also taken once for mineralization rate, microbial biomass and total carbon determination. When plants reached maturity, they were harvested and dried for dry matter determination, then ground for tissue nitrogen determination. For an additional list of treatments see the treatment layouts in file trmte38.
Data from: The bacterial community structure and functional profile in the heavy metal contaminated paddy soils,surrounding a nonferrous smelter in South Korea
The pollution of agricultural soils by the heavy metals affects the productivity of the land and has an impact on the quality of the surrounding ecosystems. The present study investigated the bacterial community structure in the heavy metal contaminated sites along a smelter and a distantly located paddy field to elucidate the factors that are related to the alterations of the bacterial communities under the conditions of heavy metal pollution. Among the study sites, the bacterial communities in the soil did not show any significant differences in their richness and diversity. The soil bacterial communities at the three study sites were distinct from one another at each site, possessing a distinct set of bacterial phylotypes. Among the study sites, significant changes were observed in the abundances of the bacterial phyla and genera. The variations in the bacterial community structure were mostly related to the general soil properties at the phylum level, while at the finer taxonomic levels, the concentrations of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) were the significant factors, affecting the community structure. The relative abundances of the genera Desulfatibacillum and Desulfovirga were negatively correlated to the concentrations of As, Pb, and cadmium (Cd) in the soil, while the genus Bacillus was positively correlated to the concentrations of As and Cd. According to the results of the prediction of bacterial community functions, the soil bacterial communities of the heavy metal polluted sites were characterized by the more abundant enzymes, involved in DNA replication and repair, translation, transcription, and the nucleotide metabolism pathways, while the amino acid and lipid metabolism, as well as the biodegradation potential of xenobiotics, were reduced. Our results showed that the adaptation of the bacterial communities to the heavy metal contamination was predominantly attributed to the replacement process, while the changes in community richness were linked to the variations in the soil pH values.
Fig. 2 in Microhabitat Preference of Great Plains Giant Tiger Beetle Larvae,Amblycheila cylindriformisSay (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae), is Influenced by Soil Slope Profile
Fig. 2. Three third-stage larval burrows of the Great Plains giant tiger beetle, Wallace Co., Kansas.
Fig. 4 in Microhabitat Preference of Great Plains Giant Tiger Beetle Larvae,Amblycheila cylindriformisSay (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae), is Influenced by Soil Slope Profile
Fig. 4. Frequency distribution of Great Plains giant tiger beetle larval burrows (n = 132) among a range of degrees of slope across a soil profile inclination, Wallace Co., Kansas, 1987.
Fig. 3 in Microhabitat Preference of Great Plains Giant Tiger Beetle Larvae,Amblycheila cylindriformisSay (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae), is Influenced by Soil Slope Profile
Fig. 3. Habitat of the Great Plains giant tiger beetle in the western short grasslands, Wallace Co., Kansas, 2009. Height of the exposed soil profile in the foreground is approximately 3 m.
Deliverable 6.4 Report on microbial CUE across a soil profile gradient
<p>This deliverable describes experimental data obtained from the Annex 2. EnergyLink Proposal - Addendum submitted on 8th of December 2022. The tasks in WP3, WP4 and WP5 were extended to include sub-soil samples. Specifically, annex 2 focused on exploring whether aboveground diversification affected the microbiome and microbial carbon cycling in top- and subsoil differently. Therefore, in this task, the Clever Cover Cropping experiment (the Netherlands) was sampled at 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm.</p>
Natural 15N abundance of bulk soil N, ammonium, and nitrate in soil profiles
<p><span><span>Assessment of nitrogen (N) saturation of forests is critical to evaluate how ecosystems will respond to current and future global changes such as N deposition. However, quantifying N saturation remains a challenge. We developed a conceptual model of N saturation stages in forest ecosystems based on i) a hypothetical relative rate of ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification, ii) concentrations of ammonium and nitrate in the soil, and iii) <sup>15</sup>N enrichment pattern of bulk soil N, ammonium, and nitrate in the soil profile. We tested the hypotheses using the data from the five forests located at five sites across eastern Asia, including one boreal forest an dtwo temperate forests in northeastern China, one temperate forest in Japan, and one subtropical forest in south China. The fraction of nitrate in total inorganic N (TIN) indicated that the sites represent an N saturation gradient with one boreal forest being least saturated, three temperate forests moderately saturated, and the tropical forest most saturated. The δ<sup>15</sup>N of bulk soil N increased from topsoil to subsoil more sharply at N-limited sites than at the N-rich sites along the N deposition gradient. We also found distinct <sup>15</sup>N enrichment patterns of bulk soil N, ammonium, and nitrate in the soil profile across the study sites. At the least saturated forest, nitrate was more <sup>15</sup>N-depleted than ammonium only in the organic soil horizon indicating limited nitrification while the <sup>15</sup>N depletion of nitrate than ammonium was observed in the deeper mineral soil in the moderatley and most saturated forests. Furthermore, ammonium was more <sup>15</sup>N-depleted than bulk soil N in the least and moderately saturated forests but more <sup>15</sup>N-enriched than bulk soil N in the most saturated forest. Our study suggests that soil profile patterns of δ<sup>15</sup>N of bulk soil N, ammonium, and nitrate provide information about the relative rates of mineralization, nitrification, and denitrification, thus can be an additional measure of N saturation of forest ecosystem across broad environmental gradients.</span></span></p>
FIGURE 1 in Interrelation of Proctodrilus species (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) with lessivage and layering in European soil profiles
FIGURE 1. Ecological species separation in the genus Proctodrilus: Soil profiles with two or three co-occurring species, each in a different layer. For further details see text. Bottom right: Generalized scheme of preferred occurrence of Proctodrilus species in the soil profile: close to layer boundaries and in the layer with finer particle size.
Natural 15N abundance of bulk soil N, ammonium, and nitrate in soil profiles
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Data from: The bacterial community structure and functional profile in the heavy metal contaminated paddy soils,surrounding a nonferrous smelter in South Korea
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Trace gas movement in the soil profile at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2010 to 2012)
Dataset Abstract The distribution of trace gasses in the soil profile was investigated using tracer and monitoring techniques. This data is part of Iurii Shcherbak thesis work. original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/128
US soil profile EW code
<p>README file, Matlab code, datasets for modelling ERW across the US </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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