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56 results for “song pattern”
FIGURE 13 in Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes
FIGURE 13. Chromosome characters in the genera of Hetrodini: the diploid number (2n), followed by the fundamental number (FN) of chromosome arms (in brackets) and the sex determination system. At the left a specimen of Eugasteroides loricatus (photo by C. Hemp).
FIGURE 1 in Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes
FIGURE 1. General appearance of some Armoured Ground Bush-crickets. A Enyaliopsis spec. near ephippiatus (Mwala Hill), B Gymnoproctus rammei, female (Simbo Forest), C Spalacomimus magnus (Gulwe), D Spalacomimus spec. near verruciferus m (Lossogonoi). Photos by C. Hemp
Processes underlying complex patterns of song trait evolution in a Setophaga hybrid zone
During secondary contact between two species when hybrids are less fit than parents, mating signals are expected to diverge while aggressive signals are expected to converge. If a single signal trait is used in both mating and aggression, then the dynamics between these two forces could influence the evolutionary trajectory of that trait. We studied such a situation in an avian hybrid zone between two Setophaga species, where birdsong is used in both mate attraction and territory defense. We hypothesized that song modules of the two species will show separate and distinct geographic patterns due to the influence of selective pressures for effective territorial aggression and for effective mate attraction. We conducted geographic cline analyses and playback experiments across this hybrid zone. We found an unexpected geographical pattern of asymmetric introgression of song rhythm, which may be explained by results of the playback experiments that suggest that differences in song rhythm serve a greater role in mate attraction than in territory defense. In contrast, differences in syllable morphology show little evidence of importance in mate attraction or territorial defense. Song features converge in the hybrid zone, yet patterns of trait change suggest that the song production modules may vary in their modes of development and inheritance. Syringeal motor gesturing, which gives rise to syllable morphology, shows a non-clinal mosaic pattern, suggesting that this trait may be predominantly learned. In contrast, respiratory patterning, which forms song rhythm, shows a clinal geographic transition, suggesting that this trait could be more innate. The results indicate that opposing forces act independently on song via distinct modules of the song production mechanism, driving complex patterns of song trait evolution.
FIGURE 9 in Spectacular song pattern from the Sicilian Mountains: The new cicada species Cicadetta anapaistica sp. n. (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
FIGURE 9 Altitudes above sea level (above) and vegetation types (below) regarding all observations points of Cicadetta anapaistica sp. n.
FIGURE 8 in Spectacular song pattern from the Sicilian Mountains: The new cicada species Cicadetta anapaistica sp. n. (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
FIGURE 8. Distribution map of Mountain Cicadas in Southern Italy (5 x 5 km2 cells) with abundance during June and July 2009.
FIGURE 7 in Spectacular song pattern from the Sicilian Mountains: The new cicada species Cicadetta anapaistica sp. n. (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
FIGURE 7. Echeme duration (ED2) and inter-echeme duration (IED2) of phrase 2 in Cicadetta anapaistica sp. n. (black), C. cerdaniensis (white) and C. cantilatrix (grey): Scatterplot of all value pairs and linear regressions.
FIGURE 4 in Spectacular song pattern from the Sicilian Mountains: The new cicada species Cicadetta anapaistica sp. n. (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
FIGURE 4. Frequency domain of the typical song elements of each phrase: (A) Phrase 1, (B) phrase 2, (C) phrase 3.
FIGURE 6 in Spectacular song pattern from the Sicilian Mountains: The new cicada species Cicadetta anapaistica sp. n. (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
FIGURE 6. Comparison of the main calling song patterns in 20 s sequences: (A) Cicadetta anapaistica sp. n. (phrases 2–3–2, Nebrodi Mountains), (B) C. cerdaniensis (phrases 2–3–2, Lombardy, Italy) and (C) C. cantilatrix (phrase 2, Basel-Land, Switzerland).
FIGURE 3 in Spectacular song pattern from the Sicilian Mountains: The new cicada species Cicadetta anapaistica sp. n. (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
FIGURE 3. Power modulation between different echeme types in C. anapaistica sp. n. demonstrated in chronological order for mean values of 14 singers. Delta maximal echeme power (P) standardised to the average of EP3_3 for each calling male.
FIGURE 2 in Spectacular song pattern from the Sicilian Mountains: The new cicada species Cicadetta anapaistica sp. n. (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
FIGURE 2. (A) Composition of a typical calling song in C. anapaistica sp. n.: End of a former song and restart including phrases 1, 2 (types A and B) and 3 (85 sec, Madonie Mountains). (B)–(D) Detailed view of the typical song elements with the measured duration terms (2 sec): (B) Phrase 1, (C) phrase 2, (D) phrase 3. PH = phrase duration, ED = echeme duration, IED = inter-echeme duration, G = echeme/inter-echeme group duration.
FIGURE 1 in Spectacular song pattern from the Sicilian Mountains: The new cicada species Cicadetta anapaistica sp. n. (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
FIGURE 1. (A) Male holotype of C. anapaistica sp. n. (above) and female paratype 9 (below). (B) Male paratype 5 and (C) nymphal skin in natural surrounding in the Madonie Mountains. Detailed views of (D) meracanthus, (E) recessed shape of lateral pronotal collar (arrow) and (F) genitalia (all male paratype 7).
FIGURE 10 in Spectacular song pattern from the Sicilian Mountains: The new cicada species Cicadetta anapaistica sp. n. (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
FIGURE 10. Typical habitat and breeding place of Cicadetta anapaistica sp. n. along an artificial forest edge with beeches (Fagus sylvatica) in the Nebrodi Mountains (left), typical ecotone habitat in the Madonie Mountains (right).
FIGURE 5 in Spectacular song pattern from the Sicilian Mountains: The new cicada species Cicadetta anapaistica sp. n. (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
FIGURE 5. Song sections showing qualitative intraspecific variability (A–D) and aberrations (E–F) in C. anapaistica sp. n. from the end of phrase 2 to central part of phrase 3 (6 sec).
Data from: Geographic patterns of song variation reveal timing of song acquisition in a wild avian population
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Processes underlying complex patterns of song trait evolution in a Setophaga hybrid zone
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Differential geographic patterns in song components of male Albert’s lyrebirds
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Extraordinary variation in a simple song: No geographical patterns in initial phrase variation of the Yellowhammer, a passerine with pronounced dialects
<p>Geographical variation of birdsong is used to study various topics from cultural evolution to mechanisms responsible for reproductive barriers or song acquisition. In species with pronounced dialects, however, patterns of variation in nondialect parts of the song are usually overlooked. We focused on the individually variable initial phrase of the song of the Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella), a common Palearctic passerine which became a model species for dialect research. We used a quantitative method to compare the similarity of initial phrases from the repertoires of 237 males recorded at different spatial scales in a central European country covering all main dialect types. We hypothesized that patterns of initial phrase sharing and/or phrase similarity are affected by dialect boundaries and geographical proximity (i.e. that birds from the same dialect regions use more similar phrases or share them more often). Contrary to our expectations, initial phrase variation seems unrelated to dialects, as we did not find higher similarity either among recordings from the same dialect areas or among those from the same locality. Interestingly, despite the immense variability of phrase types detected (only 16% of 368 detected initial phrase types were shared between at least 2 males), a relatively high proportion of males (45%) was involved in sharing, and males using the same initial phrase were located anywhere from tens of meters to hundreds of kilometers apart. The patterns of variation suggest that precise copying during song learning as well as improvisation play important roles in forming individual repertoires in the Yellowhammer. Our data also confirm previous indications that the repertoires of Yellowhammer males (i.e. the composition of initial phrases) are individually unique and temporally stable. This makes the species a good candidate for individual acoustic monitoring, useful for detailed population or behavioral studies without the need for physical capture and marking of males.</p>
Female and male song exhibit both parallel and divergent patterns of cultural evolution: a long-term study of song structure and diversity in tropical wrens
<p>Animal culture changes over time through processes that include drift, immigration, selection, and innovation. Cultural change has been particularly well-studied for animal vocalizations, especially for the vocalizations of male animals in the temperate zone. Here we examine cultural change in the vocalizations of tropical Rufous-and-white Wrens (<i>Thryophilus rufalbus</i>), quantifying temporal variation in song structure, song type diversity, and population-level distribution of song types in both males and females. We use data from 10 microsatellite loci to quantify patterns of immigration and neutral genetic differentiation over time, to investigate whether cultural diversity changes with rates of immigration. Based on 11 years of data, we show that the spectro-temporal features of several widely-used persistent song types maintain a relatively high level of consistency for both males and females, whereas the distribution and frequency of particular song types change over time for both sexes. Males and females exhibit comparable levels of cultural diversity (i.e. the diversity of song types across the population), although females exhibit greater rates of cultural change over time. We found that female changes in cultural diversity increased when immigration is high, whereas male cultural diversity did not change with immigration. Our study is the first long-term study to explore cultural evolution for both male and female birds and suggests that cultural patterns exhibit notable differences between the sexes.</p>
FIGURE 5 in New data on the bush-cricket Montana medvedevi (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), critically endangered in Europe (EU 28), and a comparison of its song with all known song patterns within the genus
FIGURE 5. Scanning electron microscopic images of Montana medvedevi titillators.
FIGURE 2 in New data on the bush-cricket Montana medvedevi (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), critically endangered in Europe (EU 28), and a comparison of its song with all known song patterns within the genus
FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Montana medvedevi (green dots).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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OpenNeuro
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