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56 results for “song pattern”
Data from: Geographic patterns of song variation in four species of Malurus fairy-wrens
Geographic variation in song is widespread among birds, particularly in species that learn vocalizations. The relationship between geographic distance and song variation is likely related to the degree of isolation between populations. To assess this effect of geographic isolation on song divergence, we examined patterns of geographic song variation in four species of Australian fairy-wrens (Malurus), two with suspected histories of geographic isolation and two without. Song variation in all four species was consistent with patterns of isolation by distance, and allopatric subspecies in two species were more divergent in song than predicted by distance alone. Each species' pattern was unique, and some interspecific variation could not be explained by geographic distance. These results indicate that patterns of geographic variation can be influenced by more than geographic distance and historical isolation alone. We suggest that morphological constraints, environmental influences, and sexual selection may all contribute to the variation observed for each species.
Data from: Geographic patterns of song variation in four species of Malurus fairy-wrens
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FIGURE 4. Montana medvedevi, taxonomically important characters. A in New data on the bush-cricket Montana medvedevi (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), critically endangered in Europe (EU 28), and a comparison of its song with all known song patterns within the genus
FIGURE 4. Montana medvedevi, taxonomically important characters. A—lateral view of male pronotum and tegmina, B—lateral view of female pronotum and tegmina, C—male tegmina, D—female subgenital plate, E—ovipositor, F—male 10th tergum and cerci, G—male subgenital plate (scale 1 mm).
FIGURE 1 in New data on the bush-cricket Montana medvedevi (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), critically endangered in Europe (EU 28), and a comparison of its song with all known song patterns within the genus
FIGURE 1. Montana medvedevi, habitus (A—female, B—male), Mala Vrbica, Serbia, 8.vii.2016, photo: L. Horvat.
FIGURE 7 in New data on the bush-cricket Montana medvedevi (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), critically endangered in Europe (EU 28), and a comparison of its song with all known song patterns within the genus
FIGURE 7. Oscillograms of calling songs of Montana species. A—medvedevi, B—striata (left Romania, right Russia), C1—decticiformis (Shatpe 27°C+sun), C2—decticiformis (Zharmysh 20°C), D—taurica, E1—montana (Austria), E2—montana (Ukraine, 25°C), F—daghestanica, G—armeniaca, H—eversmanni (see text), I—tianshanica, J1—tomini (25°C), J2—tomini (16°C), K—helleri. See Table 2 and text for details.
FIGURE 8 in New data on the bush-cricket Montana medvedevi (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), critically endangered in Europe (EU 28), and a comparison of its song with all known song patterns within the genus
FIGURE 8. Oscillograms of calling songs of Montana species. A—barretii, B—carpetana, C—macedonica, D—stricta. See Table 2 and text for details.
FIGURE 6 in New data on the bush-cricket Montana medvedevi (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), critically endangered in Europe (EU 28), and a comparison of its song with all known song patterns within the genus
FIGURE 6. Scanning electron microscopic images of stridulatory files. A—Montana medvedevi, B—Montana montana, C—Montana tomini (scale 100 µm).
FIGURE 3 in New data on the bush-cricket Montana medvedevi (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), critically endangered in Europe (EU 28), and a comparison of its song with all known song patterns within the genus
FIGURE 3. Habitat of Montana medvedevi. A—View of grassland in Mala Vrbica, B—Habitat of the species, photo: S. Ivković.
Differential geographic patterns in song components of male Albert's lyrebirds
<p>Geographic variation in bird song has received much attention in evolutionary studies, yet few consider components within songs that may be subject to different constraints and follow different evolutionary trajectories. Here we quantify patterns of geographic variation in the socially-transmitted 'whistle' song of Albert's lyrebirds (<i>Menura alberti</i>), an oscine passerine renowned for its remarkable vocal abilities. Albert's lyrebirds are confined to narrow stretches of suitable habitat, allowing us to map likely paths of cultural transmission using a species distribution model and least cost paths. We use quantitative methods to break the songs into three components present in all study populations: the introductory elements, the song body, and the final element. We compare geographic separation between populations with variation in these components as well as the full song. All populations were distinguishable by song, and songs varied according to the geographic distance between populations. However, within songs, only the introductory elements and song body could be used to distinguish among populations. The song body and final element changed with distance, but the introductory elements varied independently of geographic separation. These differing geographic patterns of within-song variation are unexpected, given that the whistle song components are always produced in the same sequence and may be perceived as a temporally-discrete unit. Knowledge of such spatial patterns of within-song variation enables further work to determine possible selective pressures and constraints acting on each song component, and provides spatially-explicit targets for preserving cultural diversity. As such, our study highlights the importance for science and conservation management of investigating spatial patterns within seemingly discrete behavioural traits at multiple levels of organisation.</p>
FIGURE 14 in Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes
FIGURE 14. Example of three syntopic Hetrodini species (Rau Forest, from left: Spalacomimus talpa, Enyaliopsis ephippiatus, Eugasteroides loricatus) and Spalacomimus stettinensis (second from right), occurring nearby (all 1 Nov 2021).
FIGURE 12 in Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes
FIGURE 12. Examples of chromosome number and heterochromatin C-banding of mitotic male (A–C, G–K) and mitotic female complements (D), as well as diplotene/diakinesis (C, E, I on the right), and metaphase I (F) for the following Hetrodini taxa: A Cosmoderus femoralis, 2n = 24 + X0 (CH8626), B Enyaliopsis bloyeti, 2n = 28 + X0 (HE114), C Enyaliopsis carolinus, 2n =24 + neo-XY (CH8625), D Enyaliopsis ephippiatus, 2n = 26 + XX (female CH7849), E Enyaliopsis jennae, 2n = 26 + neo-XY (HE87), F Enyaliopsis spec. 2 Mpwapwa, 2n = 26 + X0 (CH8353), G Gymnoproctus rammei, 2n = 26 + X0 (CH8763), H Gymnoproctus spec., 2n = 26 + X0 (CH7953), I Spalacomimus magnus, 2n = 16 + X0 (CH7945), J Spalacomimus verruciferus, 2n = 22 + neo-XY (CH7897), K Spalacomimus spec. near verruciferus, 2n = 22 + neo-XY (CH7899). Bi-armed chromosomes (meta/submeta/subacrocentric) are marked with numbers (A, C, D, F–I); in the neo-XY system, sex chromosomes form association in diplotene (C) and metaphase I (I); arrowheads indicate interstitial C-bands in 1 (A, E, J, K) and 2 (I) pairs; asterisks (*) marked distal C-bands in 3, 4, 5 (C), 3, 4 (D), 2-heteromorphic (G, H) pair; X = neo-X and Y = neo-Y sex chromosomes. Scale bar = 10 µm.
FIGURE 9 in Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes
FIGURE 9. Titillator and genitalic sclerites in Hetrodini, Enyaliopsina. First row A Cosmoderus femoralis (CH8627), B Enyaliopsis bloyeti (Kazimzumbwi), C Enyaliopsis carolinus (Minziro), D Enyaliopsis ephippiatus (Rau Forest); second row E Enyaliopsis spec. 1 near ephippiatus (Mwala), F Enyaliopsis jennae (Uluguru), G Enyaliopsis spec. 2 (Mpwapwa), H Enyaliopsis spec. 3 (East Chenene); third row I Gymnoproctus rammei (Puge Simbo), J Gymnoproctus spec. (East Chenene).
FIGURE 10 in Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes
FIGURE 10. Oscillograms of the calling songs in the genera Eugaster, Eugasteroides and Spalacomimus (figures of S. liberianus based on figures and data from literature; see text). A Eugaster guyoni, B Eugaster spinulosa, C Eugasteroides loricatus, D Spalacomimus liberianus, E Spalacomimus magnus, F Spalacomimus stettinensis, G Spalacomimus talpa, H Spalacomimus verruciferus, I Spalacomimus spec. near verruciferus.
FIGURE 8 in Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes
FIGURE 8. Oscillograms of the calling songs in the genera Cosmoderus and Enyaliopsis (figures of E. iaculator based on figures and data from literature; see text). A Cosmoderus femoratus, B Enyaliopsis bloyeti. C Enyaliopsis carolinus, D Enyaliopsis ephippiatus, song type A, E Enyaliopsis spec. 1 (near ephippiatus), song type B, F Enyaliopsis iaculator, G Enyaliopsis jennae, H Enyaliopsis spec. 2 Mpwapwa. Left column overview (5-s-section), right column detail (250-ms-section).
FIGURE 11 in Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes
FIGURE 11. Titillators in the genus Spalacomimus. A S. magnus (Gulwe), B S. stettinensis (Lambo Estate), C S. stettinensis (neotype), D S. talpa (Lembeni), E S. verruciferus (Lake Chala), F S. spec. near verruciferus (Lossogonoi).
FIGURE 7 in Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes
FIGURE 7. Oscillograms of the calling songs in the genera Acanthoplus, Gymnoproctus, Acanthoproctus and Hetrodes (figures of Acanthoplus, Acanthoproctus and Hetrodes based on figures and data from literature; see text). A Acanthoplus discoidalis, B–C Acanthoplus longipes, D Gymnoproctus rammei, E Gymnoproctus sculpturatus, F Gymnoproctus spec., G Acanthoproctus cervinus, H Acanthoproctus diadematus, I Hetrodes pupus. Left column overview (5-s-section), right column detail (250-mssection).
FIGURE 5 in Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes
FIGURE 5. Oscillograms of song types in Hetrodini. Song consisting A of long trills (Cosmoderus femoralis CH8627), B of broken trills (including transitions to long echemes; B1 Spalacomimus talpa, B2 Enyaliopsis jennae, B3 Enyaliopsis ephippiatus) or C of regularly repeated echemes (C1 Spalacomimus spec. near verruciferus, C2 Eugaster guyoni). 1-min-sections.
FIGURE 3 in Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes
FIGURE 3. Left male tegmina of Acanthoplus discoidalis (CH8946), Acanthoproctus cervinus (CH8947), Hetrodes pupus (CHelb8948), Enyaliopsis bloyeti (CH8853), E. carolinus (CH8625), E. ephippiatus (CH7737), E. jennae (damaged; CH8267), Gymnoproctus rammei (CH8763), Eugasteroides loricatus (CH7352), Spalacomimus stettinenesis, S. talpa (CH7354), S. verruciferus (CH7188). Scale 5 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes
FIGURE 4. Stridulatory files on the underside of the left tegmen (wing articulation at the right) of A Acanthoplus discoidalis (CH8946), B Cosmoderus femoralis (CH8627), C Eugasteroides loricatus (CH7352), D Spalacomimus talpa (CH7354). Scale 1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes
FIGURE 2. Left and right male tegmina of A Cosmoderus femoralis (CH8627), B Enyaliopsis bloyeti (CH8853), C Eugaster guyoni (CH0656), D Spalacomimus spec. near verruciferus (CH7898). Scale 5 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.