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55 results for “spatial and temporal dynamics”
Sea otters in a California estuary: Detecting temporal and spatial dynamics with volunteer monitoring
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Data from: Spatial-temporal dynamics of Neotropical velvet ant (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) communities along a forest-savanna gradient
Understanding how and why biological communities are organized over space and time is a major challenge and can aid biodiversity conservation in times of global changes. Herein, spatial-temporal variation in the structure of velvet ant communities was examined along a forest-savanna gradient in the Brazilian Cerrado to assess the roles of environmental filters and interspecific interactions upon community assembly. Velvet ants were sampled using 25 arrays of Y-shaped pitfall traps with drift fences for one year along an environmental gradient from cerrado sensu stricto (open canopy, warmer, drier) to cerradão (closed canopy, cooler, moister). Dataloggers installed on each trap recorded microclimate parameters throughout the study period. The effects of spatial distances, microclimate parameters and shared ancestry on species abundances and turnover were assessed with canonical correspondence analysis, generalized dissimilarity modelling and variance components analysis. Velvet ant diversity and abundance were higher in the cerrado sensu stricto and early in the wet season. There was pronounced compositional turnover along the environmental gradient, and temporal variation in richness and abundance was stronger than spatial variation. The dry season blooming of woody plant species fosters host abundance and, subsequently, velvet ant captures. Species were taxonomically clustered along the gradient with Sphaeropthalmina (especially Traumatomutilla spp.) and Pseudomethocina more associated, respectively, with cerrado sensu stricto and cerradão. This suggests a predominant role of environmental filters on community assemble, with physiological tolerances and host preferences being shared among members of the same lineages. Induced environmental changes in Cerrado can impact communities of wasps and their hosts with unpredictable consequences upon ecosystem functioning and services.
Physical controls on the spatial and temporal biogenic gas dynamics in two subtropical wetland ecosystems in Florida
<p>The spatial and temporal distribution of biogenic gas accumulation and release within peatland soils and their controls (i.e. both physical and environmental) remain highly uncertain. While several recent studies show the importance of the pore structure when defining gas dynamics, and particularly when modeling rapid gas releases (i.e. ebullition), it is unclear how different ecosystems (and particularly for subtropical systems) may show differences on such dependence. The study presented here investigates the spatial and temporal variability in biogenic gas accumulation and release in two 38-liter peat monoliths from two different wetland ecosystems in central Florida (pine flatwoods and emergent wetlands) at the laboratory scale. An array of non-invasive hydrogeophysical methods (using ground-penetrating radar, GPR) was combined with gas traps, time-lapse cameras, and direct measurements (i.e. porosity and bulk density) to explore gas content variability (i.e. build-up and release) within the peat matrix over a period of five months. The results show that specific physical soil properties for different types of wetland ecosystems play a critical role at controlling the dynamics of gas accumulation and release from peat soils. Furthermore, these differences are consistent with results on soils from other studies within similar ecosystems. This work has implications for better understanding how different types of ecosystem in subtropical systems may contribute differently to the production, accumulation, and release of greenhouse gases.</p>
Figure 4 in Spatial and temporal dynamics of exuberant colour polymorphism in the southern cricket frog
Figure 4. Green (a) and brown (b) dorsal colour morphs of the southern cricket frogs (Acris gryllus). c) Frequency of dorsal colour morphs at two study locations in Georgia, USA (N = 61, Site A; N = 82, Site B). Site A had significantly more green morphs that site B. Both sites had proportionally more brown morphs than green morphs.
Figure 3. a in Spatial and temporal dynamics of exuberant colour polymorphism in the southern cricket frog
Figure 3. a) Principal components loadings from a logistical principal components analysis for each polymorphic trait measured in Acris gryllus using logistical principal components. Points are labelled with each trait, where DPBE = dark patch behind eye, LLUE = light line under eye, DPBF = dark patch behind forelimb, LLIH = light limb inside of hindlimb, 3BUH = presence of three blotches on upper hindlimb, 3BLH = presence of three blotches on lower hindlimb, BlShape = shape of blotch on hindlimbs. b) Principal component scores of principal components 1 and 2, which explained 64.8% of the variance in morph frequency among individuals. Points represent individuals, with colour corresponding to the collecting locality for that individual.
Figure 2. a in Spatial and temporal dynamics of exuberant colour polymorphism in the southern cricket frog
Figure 2. a) The southern cricket frog (Acris gryllus). Frequency of individuals with b) a light line under the eye, c) a light line inside of the hindlimb, d) a circular hindlimb blotch, e) dark patch behind the eye, f) dark patch behind the forelimb, g) three blotches on the upper hindlimb, and h) three blotches on the lower hindlimb across 90 museum specimens. All traits varied significantly among populations except for the light line inside of the hindlimb.
Figure 1 in Spatial and temporal dynamics of exuberant colour polymorphism in the southern cricket frog
Figure 1. Morphological traits that were scored from specimens in a natural history collection. a) upper hindlimb blotches, b) lower hindlimb blotches, c) dark patch behind eye, d) light line under eye, e) dark patch behind the forelimb. The light line inside of the hindlimb is not pictured.
Spatial–temporal dynamics of gesture–speech integration: a simultaneous EEG-fMRI study
<p>The semantic integration between gesture and speech (GSI) is mediated by the left posterior temporal sulcus/middle temporal gyrus (pSTS/MTG) and the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Evidence from electroencephalography (EEG) suggests that oscillations in the alpha and beta bands may support processes at different stages of GSI. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between electrophysiological oscillations and blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activity during GSI. In a simultaneous EEG-fMRI study, German participants (n = 19) were presented with videos of an actor either performing meaningful gestures in the context of a comprehensible German (GG) or incomprehensible Russian sentence (GR), or just speaking a German sentence (SG). EEG results revealed reduced alpha and beta power for the GG vs. SG conditions, while fMRI analyses showed BOLD increase in the left pSTS/MTG for GG > GR ∩ GG > SG. In time-window-based EEG-informed fMRI analyses, we further found a positive correlation between single-trial alpha power and BOLD signal in the left pSTS/MTG, the left IFG, and several sub-cortical regions. Moreover, the alpha-pSTS/MTG correlation was observed in an earlier time window in comparison to the alpha-IFG correlation, thus supporting a two-stage processing model of GSI. Our study shows that EEG-informed fMRI implies multiple roles of alpha oscillations during GSI, and that the method is a best candidate for multidimensional investigations on complex cognitive functions such as GSI.</p>
Data from: Spatial and temporal dynamics and value of nature-based recreation, estimated via social media
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Data from: Temporal, spatial and household dynamics of typhoid fever in Kasese district, Uganda
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Data from: Spatial-temporal dynamics of Neotropical velvet ant (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) communities along a forest-savanna gradient
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Data from: Biological pest control and yields depend on spatial and temporal crop cover dynamics
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Data from: A landscape triage approach: combining spatial and temporal dynamics to prioritize restoration and conservation
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Mismatches between birds' spatial and temporal dynamics reflect their delayed response to global changes
<p>Global changes alter the dynamics of biodiversity, and are forecasted to continue or worsen in the decades to come. Modelling approaches used to anticipate these impacts are mainly based on the equivalence between spatial and temporal response to environmental forcings, generally called space-for-time substitution. However, several processes are known to generate deviations between spatial and temporal responses, potentially undermining the prediction based on space-for-time substitution.</p> <p>We here used high-resolution data from the french breeding bird survey to quantify and map the deviation between spatial and temporal patterns of bird abundances resulting from the dynamics of 124 species monitored in 2133 sites between 2001 and 2012. Using independent empirical data, we then tested specific predictions linked to the determinants (anthropogenic activities) and processes (lagged responses to environmental changes) potentially generating these deviations. We found that deviations between spatial and temporal patterns of abundances were particularly structured in space for bird communities. Following our predictions, these space–time deviations were positively correlated with the human influence on ecosystems, and linked with colonization–extinction ratios and community completeness, two markers of ongoing delayed responses to environmental changes. Our results suggest that the deviations between spatial and temporal patterns are related to recent anthropogenic environmental changes and disequilibrium responses to these changes. Investigating deviations between spatial and temporal patterns of biodiversity might open promising perspectives for a formal quantification of disequilibrium state of biodiversity at large spatial scale.</p>
Data from: Dynamics of bird assemblages in response to temporally and spatially variable resources in arid Australia
<p>Bird assemblages in arid Australia are often characterised as being highly variable through time in response to boom and bust dynamics, although the importance of habitat in structuring assemblages at a local scale is also recognised. We use a novel approach to investigate the importance of rainfall variability in structuring bird assemblages in a resource-limited environment. Monthly bird surveys were conducted at ten plots for eight years at a botanical and zoological park in central Australia, including five irrigated plots within a fenced area and five natural plots outside. Irrigation – used to promote growth, flowering, and fruiting of plants – created an artificial resource-enhanced environment against which the response of birds to natural fluctuations in season and rainfall were compared. Species richness was generally maintained at a higher level in resource-enhanced plots during dry times but was higher in natural sites when rainfall was high, mainly due to increases in granivores and insectivores. Honeyeaters were consistently more abundant at irrigated sites. Rainfall was important in structuring bird assemblages at all plots; however, assemblages were more stable in irrigated plots and did not respond as dramatically to a period of very high rainfall. The comparative smoothing of fluctuations in the composition and abundance of birds in irrigated areas highlights the importance of primary productivity, normally tied to rainfall, in driving temporal change in arid-zone bird communities. There was also evidence that different plots in differing habitats supported distinct bird assemblages and that this spatial distinctiveness persisted irrespective of rainfall and determined, to some extent, the response to rainfall. Our study is one of few long-term studies of arid bird assemblages and highlights the importance of both long-term cycles of productivity driven by rain and season as well as site differences in the dynamics of arid zone bird communities. These insights are particularly valuable as climate change further exacerbates rainfall variability worldwide and initiatives to conserve avifauna in increasingly extreme environments may be required.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Zhao M, Tian Y, Dong N, Hu Y, Tian G, Lei Y (2022) Spatial and temporal dynamics of habitat quality in response to socioeconomic and landscape patterns in the context of urbanization: A case in Zhengzhou City, China. Nature Conservation 48: 185-212. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.48.85179
Notes on the data
Figure 4 from: Lessel T, Marx M, Eisenbeis G (2011) Effects of ecological flooding on the temporal and spatial dynamics of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and springtails (Collembola) in a polder habitat. ZooKeys 100: 421-446. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1538
Figure 4 - Mean number of individuals of hygrophilic (A/B) and xerophilic/mesophilic (C/D) carabid beetle species at the fallow (A/C) and ruderal area (B/D) during different moisture conditions. Abbreviations: ef = ecological flooding (higher Rhine water levels); spe = flood caused by a strong precipitation event; dc = drought conditions; ° outliers. Different letters represent statistically significant differences (Mann-Whitney U-test).
Figure 3 from: Lessel T, Marx M, Eisenbeis G (2011) Effects of ecological flooding on the temporal and spatial dynamics of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and springtails (Collembola) in a polder habitat. ZooKeys 100: 421-446. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1538
Figure 3 - Mean number of individuals per trap and day (± SE) and total carabid beetle species number at location 1 (fallow area) and location 6 (ruderal area) (n=3) during the vegetation period of 2008. Hygrophilic species (black bars) and xerophilic as well as mesophilic species (grey bars) are shown. Abbreviations: ef = ecological flooding; spe = strong precipitation event.
Figure 1 from: Lessel T, Marx M, Eisenbeis G (2011) Effects of ecological flooding on the temporal and spatial dynamics of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and springtails (Collembola) in a polder habitat. ZooKeys 100: 421-446. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1538
Figure 1 - Location of the polder "Ingelheim" in Germany and location of the different areas and pitfall trap localities (L1–L6) within this polder (A). Abbreviations: LA 0: ruderal area; HB 0: fallow area; LA 0 + HB 0: transition area between LA 0 and HB 0; HA 0: agricultural fields; L1–6: locations of the six pitfall trap groups (three pitfall traps per locality). The pictures show the main flood gate (left) and the ecological flood gate (right), and an ecological flooding in March 2007 (B) and the fast drying event in the ruderal area after ecological flooding in April 2007 (C).
Figure 6 from: Lessel T, Marx M, Eisenbeis G (2011) Effects of ecological flooding on the temporal and spatial dynamics of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and springtails (Collembola) in a polder habitat. ZooKeys 100: 421-446. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1538
Figure 6 - PCA of springtail communities in the fallow area (location 1) and the ruderal area (location 6) during ecological flooding, the flood caused by a strong precipitation event and drought conditions. Only species with more than 1% dominance value in at least one area are included. Abbreviations of the species: I.pal=Isotomurus palustris; I.vir=Isotoma viridis; L.cya=Lepidocyrtus cyaneus; O.vil=Orchesella villosa; P.aqu=Podura aquatica; S.aqu=Sminthurides aquaticus. Percentage variation explained by the two PCA axes are included.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.