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FIGURE 7. Sampling localities for Desmognathus imitator and D in Towards rectifying limitations on species delineation in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus: Plethodontidae): An ecoregion-drainage sampling grid reveals additional cryptic clades
FIGURE 7. Sampling localities for Desmognathus imitator and D. aeneus, symbols match those in Fig. 5B and 5C respectively.
FIGURE 4 in Towards rectifying limitations on species delineation in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus: Plethodontidae): An ecoregion-drainage sampling grid reveals additional cryptic clades
FIGURE 4. Maximum-likelihood reconstruction, numbers above branches represent bootstrap support values (only bootstrap values below 100% are shown), clades are labeled as in Figure 3.
FIGURE 2 in Towards rectifying limitations on species delineation in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus: Plethodontidae): An ecoregion-drainage sampling grid reveals additional cryptic clades
FIGURE 2. Color-coded profile of the Level IV Ecoregions present in the Pee Dee and Santee River drainages; the number of dusky salamander species present in each level IV ecoregion X drainage sample unit (based on current distribution maps) is shown.
FIGURES 7–12 in Aphonopelma braunshausenii Tesmoingt, 1996 is a nomen dubium, with review of some historic morphological characters ineffective at species delineation (Araneae: Theraphosidae)
FIGURES 7–12. Labia of the above Aphonopelma specimens all showing near identical morphology in shape and cuspule density, 7 Aphonopelma platnicki holotype male BMNH 1894.2.18.1, 8 Aphonopelma clarki holotype female BMNH 1959.1.2 [= A. hentzi Girard, 1853 per Hamilton et al. 2016)], 9 Aphonopelma anax non-type male OUMNH 2009-001, 10 Aphonopelma pallidum holotype male BMNH 1898.12.24.34–37, 11 Aphonopelma bicoloratum non-type male OUMNH 2011-045, 12 Aphonopelma marxi non-type male OUMNH 2007-064. Scale lines = 1mm.
FIGURES 1–6 in Aphonopelma braunshausenii Tesmoingt, 1996 is a nomen dubium, with review of some historic morphological characters ineffective at species delineation (Araneae: Theraphosidae)
FIGURES 1–6. Ocular tubercles of some Aphonopelma species showing variation in size and distance between eyes, 1 Aphonopelma platnicki holotype male BMNH 1894.2.18.1, 2 Aphonopelma clarki holotype female BMNH 1959.1.2 [= A. hentzi Girard, 1853 per Hamilton et al. 2016)], 3 Aphonopelma anax non-type male OUMNH 2009-001, 4 Aphonopelma pallidum holotype male BMNH 1898.12.24.34–37, 5 Aphonopelma bicoloratum non-type male OUMNH 2011-045, 6 Aphonopelma marxi nontype male OUMNH 2007-064. Scale lines = 1mm.
Data from: The Parmotrema acid test: a look at species delineation in the P. perforatum group 40 y later
Parmotrema perforatum and its relatives form a morphologically distinctive group of species, most of which are common and endemic to eastern North America. Species delimitation in this ecologically important group was the subject of extensive inquiry before the advent of molecular systematics and computationally intensive niche modeling. As part of a large-scale lichen biodiversity inventory of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, we used ITS sequence data to examine the utility of characters (morphological, chemical, reproductive, ecological) in circumscribing four species in this group (P. hypoleucinum, P. hypotropum, P. perforatum, P. subrigidum). We found that P. hypoleucinum and P. subrigidum as currently circumscribed are monophyletic and the latter comprises two chemotypes differing in the presence or absence of norstictic acid in addition to alectoronic acid. The sequences of P. hypotropum and P. perforatum, which are chemically identical species and differ only in reproductive mode, were intermixed in a single, well-supported clade. The two chemotypes of P. subrigidum are partially allopatric and their sequences are > 99% identical. Nonetheless, niche modeling suggests they occupy significantly different ecological niches. These results provide a new perspective on much-debated questions on species circumscription in lichens and suggest new avenues for genetic, ecological and systematic research.
FIGURE 10. P in New species and records of Pyrgulopsis (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from the Snake River basin, southeastern Oregon: further delineation of a highly imperiled fauna
FIGURE 10. P. intermedia (Tryon). A–D. Shells. Scale = 1.0 mm. A. JFBM 20507. B. USNM 1107071. C. USNM 1107076. D. USNM 1075362.
FIGURE 2 in New species and records of Pyrgulopsis (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from the Snake River basin, southeastern Oregon: further delineation of a highly imperiled fauna
FIGURE 2. Maximum parsimony (MP) tree based on the COI dataset (TL = 322, CI = 0.64). Bootstrap support for nodes is provided when>70%. Bold-faced sequences are newly reported herein. Scale bar = one substitutional change per 100 nucleotide positions.
FIGURE 4. P in New species and records of Pyrgulopsis (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from the Snake River basin, southeastern Oregon: further delineation of a highly imperiled fauna
FIGURE 4. P. fresti sp. nov., USNM 1102161. A. Portion of radula ribbon. Scale bar = 20 µm. B. Central radular teeth. Scale bar = 10 µm. C. Lateral and inner marginal teeth. Scale bar = 10 µm. D. Inner marginal tooth. Scale bar = 10 µm. E. Outer marginal teeth. Scale bar = 10 µm..F. Outer marginal tooth, showing outer wing. Scale bar = 10 µm. Wg = wing.
FIGURE 7. P in New species and records of Pyrgulopsis (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from the Snake River basin, southeastern Oregon: further delineation of a highly imperiled fauna
FIGURE 7. P. owyheensis sp. nov. A–F. Opercula. Scale bar = 500 µm. A–B. Outer side, showing frilled whorls, USNM 1116915, USNM 1092854. C–F. Inner side, showing variation in thickening of attachment scar margin, USNM 1116915, USNM 1102152, USNM 1092854, USNM 1092854. Rm = rim.
FIGURE 1 in New species and records of Pyrgulopsis (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from the Snake River basin, southeastern Oregon: further delineation of a highly imperiled fauna
FIGURE 1. Map showing the distributions of Pyrgulopsis species in southeastern Oregon. Arrows indicate previously documented localities; all others are newly reported herein. Some of the symbols refer to multiple, closely proximal localities.
FIGURE 9. P in New species and records of Pyrgulopsis (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from the Snake River basin, southeastern Oregon: further delineation of a highly imperiled fauna
FIGURE 9. P. owyheensis sp. nov.. A–B. Penis, USNM 1092819. Scale bar = 0.25 mm. A. Dorsal surface. B. Ventral surface. C–D. Penis, USNM 1102152. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. C. Dorsal surface. D. Ventral surface. E. Female glandular oviduct and associated structures (viewed from the left side), USNM 1092819. Scale bar = 0.25 mm. F. Bursa copulatrix and its duct. Scale as in "E." G. Seminal receptacle and its duct. Scale as in "E." Ag = albumen gland, Bu = bursa copulatrix, Cd = common duct of seminal receptacle and coiled oviduct, Cg = capsule gland, Co = coiled oviduct, Dbu = bursal duct, Ga =genital aperture, Pd = penial duct, Pf = penial filament, Pg = penial gland, Pl = penial lobe, Pw = posterior wall of pallial cavity, Sr = seminal receptacle, Tg = terminal gland, Vc = ventral channel, Vg = ventral gland.
FIGURE 3. P. f in New species and records of Pyrgulopsis (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from the Snake River basin, southeastern Oregon: further delineation of a highly imperiled fauna
FIGURE 3. P. f re s t i sp. nov. A–C. Shells. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. A. Holotype, USNM 1102148. B. Paratype, USNM 1116914. C. USNM 1092860. D. Shell apex, USNM 1116914. Scale bar = 100 µm. E. Close-up of protoconch sculpture, USNM 1116914. Scale bar = 100 µm. F–H. Opercula. Scale bar = 500 µm. F. Outer side, showing frilled whorl, USNM 1102161. G–H. Inner side, showing variation in thickening of attachment scar margin, USNM 1116914, USNM 1102161. Rm = rim.
FIGURE 8. P in New species and records of Pyrgulopsis (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from the Snake River basin, southeastern Oregon: further delineation of a highly imperiled fauna
FIGURE 8. P. owyheensis sp. nov. A. Portion of radula ribbon, USNM 1116915. Scale bar = 20 µm. B. Central radular teeth, USNM 1116915. Scale bar = 10 µm. C. Lateral and inner marginal teeth, USNM 1116915. Scale bar = 10 µm. D. Inner marginal tooth, USNM 1116915. Scale bar = 10 µm. E. Outer marginal teeth, USNM 1116915. Scale bar = 10 µm. F. Outer marginal tooth, showing outer wing, USNM 1092854. Scale bar = 10 µm. Wg = wing.
FIGURE 11. P in New species and records of Pyrgulopsis (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from the Snake River basin, southeastern Oregon: further delineation of a highly imperiled fauna
FIGURE 11. P. intermedia (Tryon). A–B. Penis, USNM 1075362. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. A. Dorsal surface. B. Ventral surface. Pd = penial duct, Pf = penial filament, Pg = penial gland, Pl = penial lobe, Tg = terminal gland, Vg = ventral gland.
FIGURE 6. P in New species and records of Pyrgulopsis (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from the Snake River basin, southeastern Oregon: further delineation of a highly imperiled fauna
FIGURE 6. P. owyheensis sp. nov. A–I. Shells. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. A. Holotype, USNM 883435. B, USNM 1071259. C. USNM 1092854. D. USNM 1115390. E. USNM 1115400. F. USNM 1115388. G. USNM 1107074. H. USNM 1107073. I. USNM 1102152. J. Shell apex, USNM 1102152. Scale bar = 100 µm. K. Close-up of protoconch sculpture, USNM 1102152. Scale bar = 100 µm.
FIGURE 5. P. f in New species and records of Pyrgulopsis (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from the Snake River basin, southeastern Oregon: further delineation of a highly imperiled fauna
FIGURE 5. P. f resti sp. nov., USNM 1102161. A–B. Penis. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. A. Dorsal surface. B. Ventral surface. C. Female glandular oviduct and associated structures (viewed from the left side). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. D. Bursa copulatrix and its duct. Scale as in "C." Ag = albumen gland, Bu = bursa copulatrix, Cg = capsule gland, Co = coiled oviduct, Dbu = bursal duct, Ga =genital aperture, Pd = penial duct, Pf = penial filament, Pl = penial lobe, Pw = posterior wall of pallial cavity, Vc = ventral channel, Vg = ventral gland.
FIGURE 1. Species collection locations. Ceratina floridana indicated with black triangles, C in Morphological and molecular delineation of a new species in the Ceratina dupla species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) of eastern North America
FIGURE 1. Species collection locations. Ceratina floridana indicated with black triangles, C. dupla in gray circles, and C. mikmaqi in black circles.
FIGURE 3 in Morphological and molecular delineation of a new species in the Ceratina dupla species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) of eastern North America
FIGURE 3. Maximum parsimony consensus phylogram of three clades within the Ceratina dupla species-group. Ingroup variants of the C. dupla species-group are indicated in gray and outgroup species in black. Bootstrap support is indicated for each node. Each of the 27 terminal ingroup taxa represents a unique haplotype of the 210 specimens sequenced and names are replaced with collection state/province (sample size) for each haplotype.
FIGURE 2 in Morphological and molecular delineation of a new species in the Ceratina dupla species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) of eastern North America
FIGURE 2. Neighbour-joining phylogram of three clades within the Ceratina dupla species-group. Ingroup variants of the C. dupla species-group are indicated in gray and outgroup species in black. Bootstrap support is indicated for each node. Each of the 27 terminal ingroup taxa represents a unique haplotype of the 210 specimens sequenced and names are replaced with collection state/province (sample size) for each haplotype.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.