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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 4. Partial dependence plot for topographic Fig. 5 in Associations Between Habitat Quality And Body Size In The Carpathian-Podolian Land Snail Vestia Turgida: Species Distribution Model Selection And Assessment Of Performance

Fig. 4. Partial dependence plot for topographic Fig. 5. Partial dependence plot for terrain roughness wetness index (TWI). index (tri).

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

Fig. 6 in Associations Between Habitat Quality And Body Size In The Carpathian-Podolian Land Snail Vestia Turgida: Species Distribution Model Selection And Assessment Of Performance

Fig. 6. Partial dependence plot for pH water (phh2o). Fig. 7. Partial dependence plot for silt content (SLT).

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

Fig. 3. Partial dependence plot for BIO17 in Associations Between Habitat Quality And Body Size In The Carpathian-Podolian Land Snail Vestia Turgida: Species Distribution Model Selection And Assessment Of Performance

Fig. 3. Partial dependence plot for BIO17 = Precipitation of Driest Quarter; gray area = 95 % confidence interval.

Fig. 1 in A Review Of Major Impact Factors Of Hostilities Influencing Biodiversity In The Eastern Ukraine (Modeled On Selected Animal Species)

Fig. 1. Spatial distribution of ignitions in 2010–2014 on studied area (dotted line is ATO zone's limits in 1.06– 30.09.2014).

Fig. 5 in A Review Of Major Impact Factors Of Hostilities Influencing Biodiversity In The Eastern Ukraine (Modeled On Selected Animal Species)

Fig. 5. Distribution of two snake species, H. caspius and E. dione, in Ukrainian East (ATO zone is indicated by dotted line, burnt area marked inside zone).

Fig. 3 in A Review Of Major Impact Factors Of Hostilities Influencing Biodiversity In The Eastern Ukraine (Modeled On Selected Animal Species)

Fig. 3. Spatial local distribution of ignitions in 2010–2014 in the outskirts of Slavyanoserbsk, Luhansk Region.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Dataset for paper titled: Conceptual preferences can be transmitted via selective social information use between competing wild bird species

<a name="_Hlk66629591"></a>Concept learning is considered a high-level adaptive ability. Thus far, it has been studied in laboratory via asocial trial and error learning. Yet, social information use is common among animals but it remains unknown whether concept learning by observing others occurs. We tested whether pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) form conceptual relationships from the apparent choices of nest-site characteristics (geometric symbol attached to the nest box) of great tits (Parus major). Each wild flycatcher female (n = 124) observed one tit pair that exhibited an apparent preference for either a large or a small symbol and was then allowed to choose between two nest boxes with a large and a small symbol, but the symbol shape was different to that on the tit nest. Older flycatcher females were more likely to copy the symbol size preference of tits than yearling flycatcher females when there was a high number of visible eggs or a few partially visible eggs in the tit nest. However, this depended on the phenotype; copying switched to rejection as a function of increasing body size. Possibly the quality of and overlap in resource use with the tits affected flycatchers' decisions. Hence, our results suggest that conceptual preferences can be horizontally transmitted across co-existing animals, which may increase the performance of individuals that utilize concept learning abilities in their decision-making.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Data from: Bateman gradients reflect variation in sexual selection in a species with dynamic sex roles

Bateman gradients, the slope of the regression of reproductive success on mating success, are among the most commonly reported measures of sexual selection. They are particularly insightful in species with reversed sex roles, where females are expected to be under sexual selection. We measured Bateman gradients in replicate experimental populations of the spermatophore gift-giving bushcricket Kawanaphila nartee (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). In this species, the operational sex ratio (OSR) and thus the sex competing for mates varies depending on the availability of pollen food resources: under pollen-limited regimens females are more competitive, whereas under pollen-rich regimens males are more competitive. We maintained populations in enclosures with either limited or supplemented pollen, and calculated Bateman gradients for males and females under both conditions. Bateman gradients were significantly positive in males, and the slope was steeper in pollen-supplemented populations where the OSR was more male-biased. Bateman gradients for females were shallow and nonsignificant regardless of pollen availability. Our results show that the strength of sexual selection on males can depend on environmental context. The lack of significant gradients among females may reflect experimental limitations on our ability to estimate Bateman gradients in female K. nartee.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Data from: Evolutionary divergence via sexual selection acting on females in a species with sex role reversal

1. There is much evidence that sexual selection drives the evolutionary divergence of male sexual traits, but little is known of females. 2. Comparisons between neutral genetic divergence (FST) and phenotypic divergence (PST) among populations can reveal evolutionary responses to selection. 3. In the bushcricket Kawanaphila nartee, changes in floral food availability cause sex roles to shift from competitive females and choosy males to choosy females and competitive males midway through the breeding season. Males call to attract females, and female auditory spiracle size is under sexual selection. We ask whether selection on females can drive an evolutionary divergence in auditory spiracle size among populations. 4. We sampled 188 individuals from nine geographic locations and analysed 9,478 neutral SNP loci and two phenotypic characters to estimate FST and PST, respectively. 5. We found that PST for female auditory spiracle size far exceeded the global FST, suggesting that female auditory spiracle size is subject to strong directional selection. We relate differences in phenotypic traits to differences in geological and floristic characteristics among the sites. 6. Our data suggest that variation in sexual selection driven by variation in the floristic community on which this species feeds may contribute to the strength of directional selection acting on female K. nartee among populations. 7. Together, these findings indicate that divergence among populations can be driven by sexual selection acting on females, even when that selection is temporary and circumscribed.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Evidence of climate-driven selection on tree traits and trait plasticity across the climatic range of a riparian foundation species

Selection on quantitative traits by heterogeneous climatic conditions can lead to substantial trait variation across a species range. In the context of rapidly changing environments, however, it is equally important to understand selection on trait plasticity. To evaluate the role of selection in driving divergences in traits and their associated plasticities within a widespread species, we compared molecular and quantitative trait variation in Populus fremontii (Fremont cottonwood), a foundation riparian distributed throughout Arizona. Using SNP data and genotypes from 16 populations reciprocally planted in three common gardens, we first performed QST-FST analyses to detect selection on traits and trait plasticity. We then explored the environmental drivers of selection using trait-climate and plasticity-climate regressions. Three major findings emerged: 1) There was significant genetic variation in traits expressed in each of the common gardens and in the phenotypic plasticity of traits across gardens, both of which were heritable. 2) Based on QST-FST comparisons, there was evidence of selection in all traits measured; however, this result varied from no effect in one garden to highly significant in another, indicating that detection of past selection is environmentally dependent. We also found strong evidence of divergent selection on plasticity across environments for two traits. 3) Traits and/or their plasticity were often correlated with population source climate (R2 up to 0.77 and 0.66, respectively). These results suggest that steep climate gradients across the Southwest have played a major role in shaping the evolution of divergent phenotypic responses in populations and genotypes now experiencing climate change.

opencc-by-4.0May 2020View details →

Fig. 5. Selected reptile species found during the 2012–2016 in Endemism on a threatened sky island: new and rare species of herpetofauna from Cerro Chucantí, Eastern Panama

Fig. 5. Selected reptile species found during the 2012–2016 surveys on Cerro Chucantí. (A) Echinosaura aff. palmeri; (B) Ptychoglossus aff. plicatus; (C) Anolis aff. fuscoauratus; (D) Geophis aff. brachycephalus; (E) Corallus annulatus, highest elevation record; (F) Tantilla berguidoi, recently described and endemic (Batista et al. 2016b); (G) Bothrops asper, 1,273 m asl, highest elevation record for Panama; (H) Lachesis acrochorda juvenile, 1,011 m asl, highest elevation for this species in Panama.

opencc-by-4.0May 2020View details →

Fig. 3. Selected amphibian species found during the 2012–2016 in Endemism on a threatened sky island: new and rare species of herpetofauna from Cerro Chucantí, Eastern Panama

Fig. 3. Selected amphibian species found during the 2012–2016 surveys on Cerro Chucantí. (A) Dermophis aff. glandulosus; (B) second known specimen of Bolitoglossa chucantiensis, recently described and endemic (Batista et al. 2014a); (C) Bolitoglossa aff. biseriata; (D) Oedipina aff. complex; (E) Strabomantis bufoniformis; (F) Diasporus majeensis, recently described and endemic (Batista et al. 2016a); (G) Pristimantis gaigei; (H) Pristimantis moro.

opencc-by-4.0May 2020View details →

Fig. 4. Selected amphibian species found during the 2012–2016 in Endemism on a threatened sky island: new and rare species of herpetofauna from Cerro Chucantí, Eastern Panama

Fig. 4. Selected amphibian species found during the 2012–2016 surveys on Cerro Chucantí that await formal description or clarification of relationships. (A) Colostethus aff. pratti; (B) Silverstoneia sp.; (C) Pristimantis aff. latidiscus; (D) Pristimantis aff. ridens.

Fig. 1 in Interactions of selected species of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) from leguminous crops with plants in the Neotropics

Fig. 1. Total records of plants associated with different species of stink bugs pests of legumes (Fabaceae) in the neotropics based on literature review. The dark line links the different values as follows: (A) = number of plant species on where each stink bug species was observed; (B) = number of plant families on where each species of stink bug was observed; and (C) = number of reproductive hosts (plants on which bug can complete development) on where each species of stink bug was observed. Note that the area for total plant species in (A) is much greater that the one for reproductive hosts in (C), indicating that on the majority of the plants the bugs are observed they do not reproduce. NV = Nezara viridula; PG = Piezodorus guildinii; EH = Euschistus heros; EM = Edessa meditabunda; DF = Dichelops furcatus; DM = Dichelops melacanthus; and TP = Thyanta perditor.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2016View details →

Fig. 3. Abdominal tergites VIII and IX in A key to some Frankliniella (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) larvae found in Florida with descriptions of the first instar of select species

Fig. 3. Abdominal tergites VIII and IX of larvae II: dorsal setae, D1, D2 of tergites VIII and IX F. bispinosa (A); F. cephalica (B); F. insularis (C); F. kelliae (D); F. occidentalis (E); F. schultzei (F); F. fusca (G); scale = 25 µm.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2016View details →

Fig. 2. Larva II in A key to some Frankliniella (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) larvae found in Florida with descriptions of the first instar of select species

Fig. 2. Larva II of F. bispinosa: dorsal setae pairs, D1–D4 of head (A); dorsal setae pairs, D1–D7 of pronotum (B); dorsal setae pairs, D1–D8 of mesonotum (C); scale = 25 µm.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2016View details →

Fig. 1. Larva I in A key to some Frankliniella (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) larvae found in Florida with descriptions of the first instar of select species

Fig. 1. Larva I of F. kelliae: dorsal setae pairs, D1–D6 of pronotum and D1–D5 of mesonotum (A); arrow indicates small sclerotized teeth between D1 setae of abdominal tergite IX (B); scale = 25 µm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Fig. 4 in Direction and timing of dispersal of Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on select ornamental host plant species in south Florida

Fig. 4. Flight behavior of Scirtothrips dorsalis during the day. Mean hourly captures of adults at (A) greenhouse and (B) field sites of TREC and MREC by the time sampled and cumulative degree-hours. Symbols represent means ± SD. An asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference between test locations at a given time based on a t-test at P ≤ 0.05.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Fig. 2 in Direction and timing of dispersal of Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on select ornamental host plant species in south Florida

Fig. 2. Population estimates and dispersal of Scirtothrips dorsalis to 2 hosts at TREC, 19 Jul to 27 Sep 2007. (A) Mean weekly numbers of nymphs and pupae found on buttonwood foliage. (B) Mean weekly numbers of adults washed from plant terminals with data from buttonwood and schefflera pooled. (C) Mean weekly captures of adults on yellow sticky-card traps behind buttonwood and schefflera plants. Symbols represent means ± SD. An asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference from the other weeks according to 1-way ANOVAs and t-test comparisons at P ≤ 0.05. Mean weekly temperatures (T °C) and relative humidity (RH %) for the 3 mo period are shown parallel to the X-axis (FAWN 2007).