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84 results for “spillover”
Data from: Parasite spillover rather than niche expansion explains infection of host brain by diplostomid eye flukes
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Data for: Spillover effects of organic agriculture on pesticide use on nearby fields
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Data from: Evidence of repeated zoonotic pathogen spillover events at ecological boundaries
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Data from: Transmission pathways and spillover of an erythrocytic bacterial pathogen from domestic cats to wild felids
Many pathogens infect multiple hosts, and spillover from domestic to wild species poses a significant risk for spread of diseases that threaten wildlife and humans. Documentation of cross-species transmission, and unravelling the mechanisms that drive it, remains a challenge. Focusing on co-occurring domestic and wild felids, we evaluate possible transmission mechanisms and evidence of spillover of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum' (CMhm), an erythrocytic bacterial parasite of cats. We examine transmission and possibility of spillover by analysing CMhm prevalence, modeling possible transmission pathways, deducing genotypes of CMhm pathogens infecting felid hosts based on sequences of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, and conducting phylogenetic analyses with ancestral state reconstruction to identify likely cross-species transmission events. Model selection analyses suggest both indirect (i.e., spread via vectors) and direct (i.e., via inter-specific predation) pathways may play a role in CMhm transmission. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that transmission of CMhm appears to predominate within host species, with occasional spillover, at unknown frequency, between species. These analyses are consistent with transmission by predation of smaller cats by larger species, with subsequent within-species persistence after spillover. Our results implicate domestic cats as a source of global dispersal and spillover to wild felids via predation. We contribute to the emerging documentation of predation as a common means of pathogen spillover from domestic to wild cats, including pathogens of global conservation significance. These findings suggest risks for top predators as bioaccumulators of pathogens from subordinate species.
Ecological determinants of rabies virus dynamics in vampire bats and spillover to livestock
<p>Data and scripts for the publication</p>
Seasonality modulates habitat cover effects on avian cross-boundary responses and spillover
Species cross-boundary response is a key mechanism affecting species spillover into agricultural fields. However, temporal changes in edge permeability, which may depend on the seasonal availability of resources in both matrix and native habitats, remain poorly understood. Here we tested how edge crossing behavior and the associated spillover of birds into sun coffee plantations respond to landscape structure and seasonality. We monitored the movement of six insectivorous understory bird species (four forest-specialists and two forest-generalists) using an automated telemetry system along a gradient of forest cover (7-60%) during two seasons (dry vs. wet) at nine sampling sites at the Brazilian Atlantic forest. We monitored 116 individuals and obtained a total of 15,129 bird detections across seasons. Bird resistance to crossing edges was strongly driven by an interaction between seasonality and forest cover in the surrounding landscape, with higher resistance to crossing edges along the dry season and in landscapes with lower amount of forest cover. Furthermore, spillover patterns in plantations were driven by an interaction between forest cover and distance from forest edges, but this was most pronounced for forest-specialist bird species. Forest-specialists moved more intensively and farther from edges in more forested landscapes, whereas forest-generalists showed similar patterns of occupation regardless of forest cover and isolation. Our study contributes to a better understanding of avian cross-boundary responses and spillover in response to landscape structure across seasons and the factors driving bird movement decisions in anthropogenic landscapes. There are a myriad of possible mechanisms governing movement decisions, and these mechanisms may interact in complex ways and remain important foci for research within fields of tropical ecology and evolution in the tropics.
UCI CTM model simulations used for deriving the spillover of tropospheric ozone into the stratosphere
<p>The world has made great strides in phasing out the halocarbons that drive ozone loss, such as the chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12. While living with the well-documented depletion of the ozone layer, we are now watching the slow recovery (increase) of stratospheric ozone over this century after our phaseout of halocarbon production and use. Projecting this recovery date also depends on the impact of other changing greenhouse gases on stratospheric chemistry as well as changes in tropospheric ozone. Both observations and models identify tropospheric ozone as increasing due to air-quality pollution in the lower atmosphere. Here, using a global chemistry-transport model, we find that this ozone increase carries over into the stratosphere at rates affecting the recovery expected from the decay of atmospheric halocarbons. This process is inherently included in our chemistry-climate models but is not diagnosed as such. The ozone assessments need to consider that what happens in the troposphere does not stay in the troposphere, complicating our interpretation of ozone changes over this century.</p>
Fig. 2 in Spillover and spillback risks of ectoparasites by an invasive squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus in Kanto region of Japan
Fig. 2. Infracommunity richness by discriminating the study area and host sex.
R code and dataset to "Monetizing Spillover Effects in the Creative Industries: the Impact of Live Music Performances on Youtube Searches"
<p>Content:</p> <ol> <li>The script<strong> main_script.R</strong> includes code to run a regression discontinuity (RD) design and validation and falsification of estimated results</li> <li>The folder <strong>data</strong> contains two files: <ol> <li>bands_2016_2019.csv: a dataset of performers with additional information for each one.</li> <li>festivals_2016_2019.csv: a dataset of video search activity (as retrieved from Google Trends) for performers in file bands_2016_2019.csv</li> </ol> </li> <li>The folder <strong>source</strong> contains two additional R scripts: <ol> <li>data_preparation.R: generates the long dataset used to estimate RD effects</li> <li>status_simulation.R: randomly assigns treattment status to performers and estimates RD effects. Note this may take a long time to run. Parallel code is used: the number of cores has been set to 4. </li> </ol> </li> <li>The folder simulation_results contains simulated data after running the script status_simulation.R.</li> </ol>
Data for: Hedgerows have contrasting effects on pollinators and natural enemies and limited spillover effects on apple production
<p>Agricultural intensification has resulted in a decline in insect biodiversity and threatens the provision of valuable ecosystem services. Agri-environment schemes (AESs) have been implemented in an effort to conserve biodiversity on farmland and increase agricultural sustainability, but their effectiveness can vary widely. To better determine which factors influence AES effectiveness, the relative roles of local habitat features, habitat quality, and landscape context need to be further explored. The aim of this study was to determine the most important factors influencing field margin AES effectiveness in commercial apple orchards, in terms of arthropod biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provision. We surveyed wild bees and aphid natural enemies in field margins and apple trees in 20 orchards, ten bordered by hedgerow field margins (an AES) and ten with herbaceous field margins (no hedgerows present, not an AES). We considered field margin floral resources and the cover of semi-natural habitat in the surrounding landscape as indicators of local habitat quality and landscape context, respectively. We furthermore quantified pollination and pest control as measures of ecosystem service delivery and the relationship between arthropod communities and apple yield (initial and final fruit set) and quality. We found that hedgerow presence strongly predicted both pollinator and natural enemy communities and that these relationships were more pronounced than those with local habitat quality and landscape context. Hedgerows were negatively related to wild bee richness and abundance within the orchard, and positively related to natural enemy richness and abundance at the field margin but not within the orchard. We found no relationships between local and landscape factors and ecosystem service delivery, and no relationship between wild bee communities and apple yield, suggesting that apple is not pollen limited in our study system. There was, however, a negative relationship between natural enemy richness and initial fruit set. We conclude that annually cut hedgerows can benefit the conservation of natural enemies, but have limited arthropod-mediated private benefits for apple production, and likely need to be supplemented with additional local habitat resources for the conservation of wild bees. Our findings indicate that local habitat factors can strongly influence biodiversity regardless of landscape context, but that AESs likely need to be designed with separate biodiversity and ecosystem service targets, and specific taxonomic groups, in mind.</p>
Does ant-plant mutualism have spillover effects on the non-partner ant community?
<p>Mutualism benefits partner species and theory predicts these partnerships can affect the abundance, diversity, and composition of partner and non-partner species.<br> We used 16 years of monitoring data to determine the ant partner species of tree cholla cacti (<em>Cylindriopuntia imbricata</em>), which reward ants with extrafloral nectar in exchange for anti-herbivore defense. This long-term data revealed one dominant ant partner (<em>Liometopum apiculatum</em>) and two less common partners (<em>Crematogaster opuntiae</em> and <em>Forelius pruinosus</em>. We then used short-term characterization of the terrestrial ant community via pitfall trapping to sample partner and non-partner ant species across ten plots of varying cactus density. We found that the dominant ant partner tended a higher proportion cacti in plots of higher cactus density, and was also found at higher occurrence within the pitfall traps in higher density plots, suggesting strong positive feedbacks that promote ant partner occurrence where plant partners are available. Despite the strong association and increased partner occurrence, ant community-wide effects from this mutualism appear limited. Of the common ant species, the occurrence of a single non-partner ant species was negatively associated with cactus density and with the increased presence of <em>L. apiculatum</em>. Additionally, the composition and diversity of the ant community in our plots were insensitive to cactus density variation, indicating that positive effects of the mutualism on the dominant ant partner did not have cascading impacts on the ant community. This study provides novel evidence that exclusive mutualisms, even those with strong positive feedbacks, may be limited in the scope of their community-level effects.</p>
Global misinformation spillovers in the online vaccination debate before and during COVID-19 - ex
<p>The dataset includes all the ids of the tweets analysed in the paper "Global misinformation spillovers in the online vaccination debate before and during COVID-19", divided by lang.</p> <p>They are all the tweets containing vaccines keywords in 18 different European languages, spanning the period October 2019 - March 2021 (excluded 2020 Jan - 2020 Jun).</p> <p>Note that a large fraction of the tweets can't be retrieved because of the suspension of the accounts and the removal of the posts by the users, so the study is only partially reproducible.</p> <p>The unzipped dataset has a dimension of 8,0G.</p> <p>The authors of the paper are: Lenti J, Mejova Y, Kalimeri K, Panisson A, Paolotti D, Tizzani M, Starnini M.</p>
Spillover of chalkbrood fungi to native solitary bee species from non-native congeners
<p>Introduced, managed bees such as mason bees (genus <em>Osmia</em>) can confer significant pollination benefits to agricultural systems, but a risk of introducing non-native species into new ecosystems is the co-introduction of pathogens along with them. Pathogen spillover to wild, native bees may then drive native bee species declines.</p> <p>This study examined prevalence of the chalkbrood-causing fungal genus <em>Ascosphaera</em> in the nests of both non-native and native mason bee species. We conducted large-scale trap-nesting and pan-trapping efforts across the Mid-Atlantic United States with community scientists. Using molecular methods, nests were screened for all known <em>Ascosphaera</em> species in which genetic sequences have been published. After finding <em>Ascosphaera</em> species first described in Asia, we compared their local prevalence with the local abundance of mason bees from Asia. Lastly, we compared the prevalence of co-introduced Ascosphaera species across sites with a variety of landcover profiles.</p> <p>Results indicate species originally described in Japan, <em>Ascosphaera naganensis</em> and <em>Ascosphaera fusiformis</em>, are now present in native Virginia mason bees, <em>Osmia lignaria</em> and <em>Osmia georgica</em>, with high prevalence of <em>A. naganensis</em> found in <em>O. georgica</em>.</p> <p>We also found that the declining native mason bee <em>O. georgica</em> experienced higher prevalence of non-native <em>Ascosphaera</em> spp. at sites with larger numbers of non-native <em>O. cornifrons</em> and <em>O. taurus</em>, perhaps indicating greater likelihood of spillover of these <em>Ascosphaera</em> species with greater sources of transmission. Lastly, when the proportion of agricultural landcover surrounding bee nests was high, there was significantly greater prevalence of non-native <em>Ascosphaera</em> in <em>O. georgica</em> compared to more natural landcover types.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications. Through community science programming, we documented species of Japanese chalkbrood fungi inside native mason bee nests in North America. Native mason bees encounter non-native fungi more frequently with increasing abundance of non-native mason bees. Agricultural landscapes may exacerbate spillover of non-native fungi for native mason bees. The use of non-native bee species in agriculture should involve monitoring native bees for pathogens in the surrounding area for detection of spillover and species declines.</p>
Spillover effects from invasive Acacia alter the plant-pollinator networks and seed production of native plants
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Data from: Transmission pathways and spillover of an erythrocytic bacterial pathogen from domestic cats to wild felids
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Limited evidence of biodiversity spillover from forest fragments into oil palm plantations in the Amazon
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Data from: The role of tropical forest fragment vegetation in maintaining arthropod diversity and spillover to adjacent sugarcane fields
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Data from: Land use type, forest cover, and forest edges modulate avian cross-habitat spillover
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UCI CTM model simulations used for deriving the spillover of tropospheric ozone into the stratosphere
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Spillover of chalkbrood fungi to native solitary bee species from non-native congeners
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.