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95 results for “stabilizing selection”
Figure 10 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2
Figure 10. Attempted mating by the grey male Maevia inclemens. This sequence shows how the male jumped the female while she was suspended from her dragline, just after capturing a fly (1), and attempted to mate with her (2). The female promptly released her prey, and the male then fed on it for many minutes (3-4), still in a suspended position [23 JUNE 2020 14:09- 14:13]. Three days later this male approached and mated successfully with the female for a second time (Figures 5:1-7, 9:7).
Figure 7 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2
Figure 7. Sequential positions (1-10) of the tufted male Maevia inclemens as he advanced toward the female in a later mating attempt (after Figure 6).
Figure 3 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2
Figure 3. Adult male Maevia inclemens, tufted (black) form. The tufts of the dorsal carapace may not be present in all males of this form. Note the lack of stripes on the uniformly-colored legs. 2, Feeding on mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae).
Figure 6 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2
Figure 6. Sequential positions (1-4) of the tufted male Maevia inclemens as he advanced toward the female. Facing the female, this male maintained an elevated position with the opisthosoma turned down, stepping and waving both legs I and pedipalps. As with the grey male (Figure 5), this male also mated sucessfully with the female (Figure 9:3), jumping and capturing her after advancing to a near position.
Figure 5 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2
Figure 5. Display by grey males, Maevia inclemens. 1-7, Successive (low crawl) positions of the grey male male from Massachusetts, advancing to successfully mate with the female. When close, this male jumped and captured the female (Figure 9:7). 8, Display by a grey male from Sherburne County, Minnesota, recorded in 1982.
Figure 2 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2
Figure 2. Adult male Maevia inclemens, grey (striped) form. Note the stripes on the prolateral surface of each femur.
Figure 1. Adult female Maevia inclemens. 1-2, 6 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2
Figure 1. Adult female Maevia inclemens. 1-2, 6, Feeding on a small fly (Diptera: Brachycera). 3-4, Feeding on a small robber fly (Diptera: Ascilidae). With the exception of Figure 5:8, only three M. inclemens individuals, two males and one female, all photographed on plants in the laboratory, are shown in this paper. All were collected in Massachusetts, June 2020.
Figure 4 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2
Figure 4. Four sequential positions of a male (1-4) during the successful courtship of a female Paraphidippus aurantius (Lucas 1833) on a plant in the laboratory. Males were placed on plants with three recently molted females, all from Greenville County, South Carolina. In each case the female stopped moving soon after she sighted the male, and the male advanced to mate successfully when she did not turn to face him as he stepped from side to side. In this example the female stopped moving at a distance of about 10 cm from the approaching male. The subsequent mating included insertion of each pedipalp on the respective side of the epigynum, and occupied more than 20 minutes. P. aurantius males will cohabit with and defend penultimate females (Thurlow 2016), and their large chelicerae are associated with the ritual male-male combat (agonistic behavior) that may ensue. This represents a pattern seen in many other salticids (e.g., Lyssomanes viridis, Tedore & Johnsen 2012, 2013, 2015), in which male-male contests account for most sexual selection. At the other end of the spectrum of sexual selection lie the highly ornamented salticids of the genus Maratus, for which male-male contests are virtually unknown (save one species), and a female may examine the details of male ornamentation up-close before acceptance (Otto & Hill 2021). Most salticids appear to fall somewhere between these two extremes, relying to some extent on both male-male combat and active selection by females.
The Effects of Reaching Task Following Selective Trunk Stability Exercise
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05767437. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Directional and stabilizing selection shaped morphological, reproductive, and physiological traits of the invader Solidago canadensis
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Stabilizing selection on a plumage-based foraging adaptation: hooded warblers with average-sized white tail spots live longer
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Data from: Gliding dragons and flying squirrels: diversifying versus stabilizing selection on morphology following the evolution of an innovation
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Data from: Stabilizing selection and adaptive evolution in a combination of two traits in an arctic ungulate
<p>Stabilizing selection is thought to be common in wild populations and act as one of the main evolutionary mechanisms which constrain phenotypic variation. When multiple traits interact to create a combined phenotype, correlational selection may be an important process driving adaptive evolution. Here we report on phenotypic selection and evolutionary changes in two natal traits in a semi-domestic population of reindeer (<em>Rangifer tarandus</em>) in northern Finland. The population has been closely monitored since 1969, and detailed data has been collected on individuals since they were born. Over the length of the study period (1969 - 2015), we found directional and stabilizing selection towards a combination of earlier birth date and heavier birth mass with an intermediate optimum along the major axis of the selection surface. In addition, we demonstrate significant changes in mean traits towards earlier birth date and heavier birth mass, with corresponding genetic changes in breeding values during the study period. Our results demonstrate evolutionary changes in a combination of two traits which agree closely with estimated patterns of phenotypic selection. Knowledge of the selective surface for combinations of genetically correlated traits are vital to predict how population mean phenotypes and fitness are affected when environments change.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: How stabilizing selection and nongenetic inheritance combine to shape the evolution of phenotypic plasticity
Relatively little is known about whether and how nongenetic inheritance interacts with selection to impact the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Here, we empirically evaluated how stabilizing selection and a common form of nongenetic inheritance––maternal environmental effects––jointly influence the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in natural populations of spadefoot toads. We compared populations that previous field work has shown to have evolved conspicuous plasticity in resource-use phenotypes ('resource polyphenism') with those that, owing to stabilizing selection favouring a narrower range of such phenotypes, appear to have lost this plasticity. We show that: 1) this apparent loss of plasticity in nature reflects a condition-dependent maternal effect and not a genetic loss of plasticity; i.e., 'genetic assimilation', and 2) this plasticity is not costly. By shielding non-costly plasticity from selection, nongenetic inheritance generally, and maternal effects specifically, can preclude genetic assimilation from occurring and consequently impede adaptive (genetic) evolution.
Data from: Temporal genetic stability in natural populations of the waterflea Daphnia magna in response to strong selection pressure
Studies monitoring changes in genetic diversity and composition through time allow a unique understanding of evolutionary dynamics and persistence of natural populations. However, such studies are often limited to species with short generation times that can be propagated in the laboratory or few exceptional cases in the wild. Species that produce dormant stages provide powerful models for the reconstruction of evolutionary dynamics in the natural environment. A remaining open question is to what extent dormant egg banks are an unbiased representation of populations and hence of the species' evolutionary potential, especially in presence of strong environmental selection. We address this key question using the water flea Daphnia magna, which produces dormant stages that accumulate in biological archives over time. We assess temporal genetic stability in three biological archives, previously used in resurrection ecology studies showing adaptive evolutionary responses to rapid environmental change. We show that neutral genetic diversity does not decline with the age of the population and it is maintained in presence of strong selection. In addition, by comparing temporal genetic stability in hatched and unhatched populations from the same biological archive, we show that dormant egg banks can be consulted to obtain a reliable measure of genetic diversity over time, at least in the multi-decadal time frame studied here. The stability of neutral genetic diversity through time is likely mediated by the buffering effect of the resting egg bank.
Data from: Stronger convex (stabilizing) selection on homologous sexual display traits in females than in males: a multipopulation comparison in Drosophila serrata
Mutual mate choice for homologous sexual display traits has been demonstrated in Mutual mate choice for homologous sexual display traits has been demonstrated in several recent studies yet little attention has been given to quantitative comparison of the strength and form of mate preferences between the sexes. Such comparisons may provide important insight into the evolution of mate choice for honest signals. In particular, because females generally provide the majority of resources for initial offspring development, female displays may trade-off with fecundity, causing preference evolution to differ between the sexes. Recent theory suggests that adaptive male preferences for honest displays in females are possible under certain conditions and may result in preferences that are convex (i.e. stabilizing) in form. We compared sexual selection on a suite of contact pheromones arising from mutual mate choice using nine separate geographic populations of Drosophila serrata. We show that the convex selection is stronger on females than on males overall in these populations, and that convex selection is the predominate form of nonlinear selection on females but not males.
Genetics of quantitative traits with dominance under stabilizing and directional selection in partially selfing species
<p>Recurrent self-fertilization is thought to lead to reduced adaptive potential by decreasing the genetic diversity of populations, thus leading selfing lineages down an evolutionary 'blind alley'. Though well supported theoretically, empirical support for reduced adaptability in selfing species is limited. One limitation of classical theoretical models is that they assume pure additivity of the fitness-related traits that are under stabilizing selection, despite ample evidence that quantitative traits are subject to dominance. Here we relax this assumption and explore the effect of dominance on a fitness-related trait under stabilizing selection for populations that differ in selfing rates. By decomposing the genetic variance into additional components specific to inbred populations, we show that dominance components can explain a substantial part of the genetic variance of inbred populations. We also show that ignoring these components leads to an upward bias in the predicted response to selection. Finally, we show that when considering the effect of dominance, the short-term evolutionary potential of populations remains comparable across the entire gradient in outcrossing rates, and genetic associations can even make selfing populations more evolvable on the longer term, reconciling theoretical and empirical results.</p>
The Influence of Juggling on Selected Cognitive Functions and Postural Stability Variables.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06108713. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Data from: Enhanced stability and polyadenylation of select mRNAs support rapid thermogenesis in the brown fat of a hibernator
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Data from: Stronger convex (stabilizing) selection on homologous sexual display traits in females than in males: a multipopulation comparison in Drosophila serrata
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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