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Barycentered NICER event list from ObsID 1200120106, used in Stingray tutorial

This is a NASA NICER observation of the accreting black hole MAXI 1820+070 during its 2018 outburst The raw X-ray event data in FITS format were obtained from the NICER archive at HEASARC: https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/W3Browse/w3hdprods.pl?files=Preview&Coordinates=Equatorial&Equinox=2000&CheckSize=1&showgifs=1&Target=heasarc%5Fnicermastr%7C%7C%7C%5F%5Frow%3D30877%7C%7C&popupFrom=&querytime=1708425079 Processing:   We ran the barycorr FTOOL, using the JPL DE 430 ephemeris (all details of processing can be found in the header of the FITS file).  We distribute it to be used as practice data for Spectral Timing tutorials. Scientific use might require better processing, involving a re-run of the Level-2 data pipeline. The data come in three versions: <ol> <li>the original ~2.4GB FITS file</li> <li>a reduced ~720MB HDF5 file containing only part of the data, to help with slow connections</li> <li>a further reduced ~370MB HDF5 file, containing even less data but still adequate for most purposes in the tutorial.</li> </ol>

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2009View details →

Fig. 8. Stingrays from Summerville, upper Chattian. A in Late Oligocene sharks and rays from the Chandler Bridge Formation, Dorchester County, South Carolina, USA

Fig. 8. Stingrays from Summerville, upper Chattian. A. Dasyatis cavernosa (Probst,1877), BCGM 9097, occlusal (A1) and labial (A2) view. B. D. cf. cavernosa, BCGM 9103, male tooth, occlusal (B1) and labial (B2) view. C. D. rugosa (Probst, 1877), BCGM 9099, occlusal (C1) and labial (C2) view. D. Dasyatidae gen. et. sp. indet., BCGM 9101, occlusal (D1), labial (D2), and lateral (D3) view. E. BCGM 9106, Dasyatis sp. denticle, lateral−oblique view.

Fig. 1 in First Mesozoic record of the stingray Myliobatis wurnoensis from Mali and a phylogenetic analysis of Myliobatidae incorporating dental characters

Fig. 1. Map of Mali indicating three localities discovered in the 1999 CNRST−SUNY expedition. Boundary between the Illummeden and Tauodeni basins in northern Mali is outlined in light gray. Mali−8 marks localities yielding fossils of Myliobatidae. Dark Gray marks exposed basement rocks in the Adrar des Iforas Mountains; white marks Proterozoic structure that connected the two light gray basin periodically during the Cretaceous– Paleogene.

Fig. 6 in First Mesozoic record of the stingray Myliobatis wurnoensis from Mali and a phylogenetic analysis of Myliobatidae incorporating dental characters

Fig. 6. Phylogenetic relationships and stratigraphic distribution of Myliobatidae. Epochs are not drawn to scale.

Fig. 3. The fossil stingray Myliobatis wurnoensis White, 1934 in First Mesozoic record of the stingray Myliobatis wurnoensis from Mali and a phylogenetic analysis of Myliobatidae incorporating dental characters

Fig. 3. The fossil stingray Myliobatis wurnoensis White, 1934 from Maastrichtian of Mali. A, B. Partial upper dental plates. A. CNRST−SUNY−5 in posterior (A1), occlusal (A2), and basal (A3) views. B. CNRST−SUNY−37 in posterior (B1), occlusal (B2), and basal (B3) views. C. Partial lower dental plate, CNRST− SUNY−3 in occlusal (C1) and basal (C2) views. Anterior is to top of page for all images except A1 and B1, which are in posterior view. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 2 in First Mesozoic record of the stingray Myliobatis wurnoensis from Mali and a phylogenetic analysis of Myliobatidae incorporating dental characters

Fig. 2. Composite stratigraphic sections of localities Mali−7, −8, and −10. Relative stratigraphic positions of index fossils and inferred depositional settings supporting age of Myliobatis wurnoensis (Mali−8). Index fossils from Mali−7, −8, and −10. Lower gray line is the inferred KT boundary in this section and the upper gray line is the inferred position of the Paleocene–Eocene boundary in this section. Abbreviations: CG, conglomerate; LS, limestone; MS, shale; SS, sandstone.

Fig. 5 in First Mesozoic record of the stingray Myliobatis wurnoensis from Mali and a phylogenetic analysis of Myliobatidae incorporating dental characters

Fig. 5. Summary of unambiguous character transformations across Myliobatidae (node−B) that were optimized on all most parsimonious trees. Black boxes have a CI = 1.0 and white boxes have a lower CI value. Bold face denotes extinct taxa.

Fig. 8 in First Mesozoic record of the stingray Myliobatis wurnoensis from Mali and a phylogenetic analysis of Myliobatidae incorporating dental characters

Fig. 8. Comparative extinct taxa of Myliobatiformes; known ages mapped onto Fig. 6. A. Hypolophites myliobatoides Stromer, 1910, NHM P18781; A1, occlusal view, anterior to top; A2, lateral view, anterior to left; A3, root view, anterior to top. B. Brachyrhizodus wichitaensis Romer, 1942, NHM P89095; B1, occlusal view; anterior undetermined; B2, root view; anterior undetermined. C. Apocopodon sericius, NHM P24670, C1, occlusal view, anterior to top; C2, lateral view, anterior to left; C3, root view, anterior to top. D. Igdabatis sigmodon, TMM 45892−1; D1, occlusal view, anterior to top; D2, posterior view; D3, root view, anterior to bottom; D4, lateral view, anterior to left. E. Myliobatis striatus, NHM P.66859; E1, occlusal view, anterior to top; E2, root view, anterior to top; E3, posterior view; E4, lateral view, anterior to left. F. Aetobatus arcuatus, SMNH 12656−3; F1, occlusal view, anterior to top; F2, root view, anterior to top; F3, anterior view; F4, lateral view, anterior to left. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 4 in First Mesozoic record of the stingray Myliobatis wurnoensis from Mali and a phylogenetic analysis of Myliobatidae incorporating dental characters

Fig. 4. Strict consensus of eight most parsimonious trees (MPT). A. Tree from full analysis with Myliobatidae condensed as single terminal taxon in gray box labeled "B". B. Expanded Myliobatidae portion of tree, which is identical on all eight MPTs. TL = 141, CI = 0.6312, HI = 0.3688, RI = 0.8844, RC = 0.5583. Bold face in B denotes extinct taxa.

Fig. 7 in First Mesozoic record of the stingray Myliobatis wurnoensis from Mali and a phylogenetic analysis of Myliobatidae incorporating dental characters

Fig. 7. Comparative extant taxa of Myliobatidae. A, B, D. Articulated jaws and tooth rows. C. Disarticulated jaws and articulated tooth rows. E–G. Articulated tooth rows. A. Raja sp., AMNH 92321b, in labial view. B. Dasyatis sp., FMNH 15625, in labial view. C. Rhinoptera quadriloba (LeSueur, 1817), FMNH 82986, in occlusal view. D. Myliobatis californica Gill, 1865, MCZ 424, in lingual view. E. Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft, 1831), AMNH 44124, in occlusal view, photograph (E1), line drawing (E2); F. Mobula rochebruni (Vaillant, 1879), FMNH 38450, in occlusal view, photograph (F1), line drawing (F2). G. Manta hamiltoni (Walbaum, 1792), FMNH 41385, in occlusal view, photograph (G1), line drawing (G2). H. Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790), FMNH 10985, in labial view.

Fig. 10 in Diversity and ecological relationships of Cestoda and Monogenoidea parasites of freshwater stingrays (Myliobatiformes, Potamotrygonidae), in the upper Paran´a River, Brazil

Fig. 10. Morphology of Potamotrygonocestus sp.2. Morphology of scolex (A); Mature proglottid (B). Abbreviations: BH = bothridia hooks; GP = genital pore; O = ovary; S = scolex; T = testes; U = uterus, and V = vitellaria.

Fig. 8 in Diversity and ecological relationships of Cestoda and Monogenoidea parasites of freshwater stingrays (Myliobatiformes, Potamotrygonidae), in the upper Paran´a River, Brazil

Fig. 8. Morphology of Acanthobothrium quinonesi. Morphology of scolex by light microscopy (A) and SEM (B); Isolated bothridia hooks (C); Mature proglottid (D); Cirrus sac (E). Abbreviations: AL = anterior loculus; BH = bothridia hooks; Cs = cirrus sac; EC = everted cirrus; Lh = lateral hook; Mh = medial hook; ML = middle loculus; O = ovary; PL = posterior loculus; S = scolex; T = testes, and U = uterus.

Fig. 9 in Diversity and ecological relationships of Cestoda and Monogenoidea parasites of freshwater stingrays (Myliobatiformes, Potamotrygonidae), in the upper Paran´a River, Brazil

Fig. 9. Morphology of Potamotrygonocestus sp.1. Morphology of scolex (A); Isolated bothridia hooks (B); Mature proglottid (C); Cirrus sac (D); Gravid proglottid (E). Abbreviations: EC = everted cirrus; F = furca; GP = genital pore; HB = hook base; O = ovary; S = scolex; T = testes; U = uterus, and V = vitellaria.

Fig. 6 in Diversity and ecological relationships of Cestoda and Monogenoidea parasites of freshwater stingrays (Myliobatiformes, Potamotrygonidae), in the upper Paran´a River, Brazil

Fig. 6. Morphology of Rhinebothrium paratrygoni. Morphology of scolex (A); Details of bothridium (B); Terminal mature proglottid (C); Cross-copulation between mature proglottids (D), and partial strobila (E). Abbreviations: B = bothridia; Cc = Cross-copulation; O = ovary, and S = scolex.).

Fig. 1 in Diversity and ecological relationships of Cestoda and Monogenoidea parasites of freshwater stingrays (Myliobatiformes, Potamotrygonidae), in the upper Paran´a River, Brazil

Fig. 1. Collection area for potamotrygonids and their parasites. (a) Highlight (red) of the upper Paran´a River system (Brazilian portion). (b) Collection sites (red triangles), S1 with three points and S2 with one point, in the upper Paran´a River, between the states of S˜ao Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 7 in Diversity and ecological relationships of Cestoda and Monogenoidea parasites of freshwater stingrays (Myliobatiformes, Potamotrygonidae), in the upper Paran´a River, Brazil

Fig. 7. Morphology of Rhinebothroides glandularis. Morphology of scolex (A); partial strobila (B); Mature proglottid (C); Gravid proglottid (D). Abbreviations: B = bothridia; Gc = gland cells; O = ovary; S = scolex; T = testes, and U = uterus.

Fig. 5 in Diversity and ecological relationships of Cestoda and Monogenoidea parasites of freshwater stingrays (Myliobatiformes, Potamotrygonidae), in the upper Paran´a River, Brazil

Fig. 5. Morphology of Potamotrygonocotyle tsalickisi. Whole specimen (a); haptor (b and c), and male copulatory organ (d and e). Abbreviations: A = anchor; DhAsA = anterior dorsal haptoral accessory structure; DhAsP = posterior dorsal haptoral accessory structure; H = haptor; HCL = haptor central loculi; HPL = haptor peripheral loculi; HS = haptoral septa; MCo = male copulatory organ, and MCoA = male copulatory organ aperture.

Fig. 3 in Diversity and ecological relationships of Cestoda and Monogenoidea parasites of freshwater stingrays (Myliobatiformes, Potamotrygonidae), in the upper Paran´a River, Brazil

Fig. 3. Rarefaction and extrapolation of component community richness and meta-community richness of helminths species in potamotrygonids from the upper Parana´River. Sample-size-based diversity accumulation curves (with 95% confidence intervals of lower and upper limits) using hosts as unit of sampling and Hill numbers. Diversity metrics were species richness (0), Shannon Index (1) and Simpson Index (2) values.

Fig. 2 in Diversity and ecological relationships of Cestoda and Monogenoidea parasites of freshwater stingrays (Myliobatiformes, Potamotrygonidae), in the upper Paran´a River, Brazil

Fig. 2. Component community richness and meta-community richness of helminths species in potamotrygonids from the upper Paran´a River. Results of diversity t-test suggest a statistically significant difference between sites (S1 <S2, t = – 40.00; p = <0.001; d = 3.76; β = 0.99) and between host (Potamotrygon amandae <Potamotrygon falkneri, t = – 29.68; p = <0.001; d = 0.52; β = 0.21). Mean and Median values are indicated by black square and horizontal black line respectively.

Fig. 4 in Diversity and ecological relationships of Cestoda and Monogenoidea parasites of freshwater stingrays (Myliobatiformes, Potamotrygonidae), in the upper Paran´a River, Brazil

Fig. 4. Relationship of infracommunity abundance of helminths inferred by mixed generalized linear modeling (GLMM) in potamotrygonids of the upper Parana´River. Abundance vs. (a) disc length (DL), (b) gonadal developmental stages (immature = 0, early development = 1, advanced development = 2, mature = 3 and rest = 4), (c) condition factor and (d) sex (males or females) (e) Host species (i.e. Potamotrygon amandae or Potamotrygon falkneri). and collection sites (S1 or S2) are random variables.