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270 results for “sufficiency”
Antibiotics can be used to contain drug-resistant bacteria by maintaining sufficiently large sensitive populations
<p>Standard infectious disease practice calls for aggressive drug treatment that rapidly eliminates the pathogen population before resistance can emerge. When resistance is absent, this elimination strategy can lead to complete cure. However, when resistance is already present, removing drug-sensitive cells as quickly as possible removes competitive barriers that may slow the growth of resistant cells. In contrast to the elimination strategy, the containment strategy aims to maintain the maximum tolerable number of pathogens, exploiting competitive suppression to achieve chronic control. Here we combine <em>in vitro</em> experiments in computer-controlled bioreactors with mathematical modeling to investigate whether containment strategies can delay failure of antibiotic treatment regimens. To do so, we measured the "escape time" required for drug-resistant <em>E. coli</em> populations to eclipse a threshold density maintained by adaptive antibiotic dosing. Populations containing only resistant cells rapidly escape the threshold density, but we found that matched resistant populations that also contain the maximum possible number of sensitive cells could be contained for significantly longer. The increase in escape time occurs only when the threshold density--the acceptable bacterial burden--is sufficiently high, an effect that mathematical models attribute to increased competition. The findings provide decisive experimental confirmation that maintaining the maximum number of sensitive cells can be used to contain resistance when the size of the population is sufficiently large.</p>
Cooking chicken at home: common or recommended approaches to judge doneness may not assure sufficient inactivation of pathogens
<p>About one third of foodborne illness outbreaks in Europe are acquired in the home and eating undercooked poultry is among consumption practices associated with illness. The aim of this study was to investigate whether actual and recommended practices for monitoring chicken doneness are safe. Seventy-five European households from five European countries were interviewed and videoed while cooking chicken in their private kitchens, including young single men, families with infants/in pregnancy and elderly over seventy years. A cross-national web-survey collected cooking practices for chicken from 3969 households. In a laboratory kitchen, chicken breast fillets were injected with cocktails of Salmonella and Campylobacter and cooked to core temperatures between 55 and 70 °C. Microbial survival in the core and surface of the meat were determined. In a parallel experiment, core colour, colour of juice and texture were recorded. Finally, a range of cooking thermometers from the consumer market were evaluated. The field study identified nine practical approaches for deciding if the chicken was properly cooked. Among these, checking the colour of the meat was commonly used and perceived as a way of mitigating risks among the consumers. Meanwhile, chicken was perceived as hedonically vulnerable to long cooking time. The quantitative survey revealed that households prevalently check cooking status from the inside colour (49.6%) and/or inside texture (39.2%) of the meat. Young men rely more often on the outside colour of the meat (34.7%) and less often on the juices (16.5%) than the elderly (>65 years old; 25.8% and 24.6%, respectively). The lab study showed that colour change of chicken meat happened below 60 °C, corresponding to less than 3 log reduction of Salmonella and Campylobacter. At a core temperature of 70 oC, pathogens survived on the fillet surface not in contact with the frying pan. No correlation between meat texture and microbial inactivation was found. A minority of respondents used a food thermometer, and a challenge with cooking thermometers for home use was long response time. In conclusion, the recommendations from the authorities on monitoring doneness of chicken and current consumer practices do not ensure reduction of pathogens to safe levels. For the domestic cook, determining doneness is both a question of avoiding potential harm and achieving a pleasurable meal. It is discussed how lack of an easy "rule-of-thumb" or tools to check safe cooking at consumer level, as well as national differences in contamination levels, food culture and economy make it difficult to develop international recommendations that are both safe and easily implemented.</p>
Dataset associated with article: Self-sufficient seismic boxes for monitoring glacier seismology in Greenland
<p>Dataset associated with article: Self-sufficient seismic boxes for monitoring glacier3 seismology in Greenland</p> <p>Contains:<br> - Seismic data of both SG-boxes and regular geophones from Gornergletscher fieldtest, 2021( Seismic_Data_Gorner_Fieldtest.zip) <br> --> SG-box data naming: GO"station_number"SG <br> --> Geophone data naming: GO"station_number"GP<br> <br> - Weather data Gornergletscher fieldtest from Monte Rosa, Meteo Swiss Weather station ( Weather_data_Gorner_Fieldtest_2021.zip) <br> --> 1hr wind averages <br> --> 1hr temperature averages<br> <br> - MSR logger data from SG-boxes from Gornergletscher fieldtest, 2021. Every 5 min these log battery power, tilt (along three axes, temperature and humidity inside the box and light strength on two sides of the SG-box. ( MSR_logger_data_SGboxes_Gorner_Fieldtest.zip )<br> <br> - Seismic data of SG box (Sensor code BSM) next to weather station first acquisition Greenland 2021 ( Seismic_Data_SG_Box_first_acquisition_Greenland_2021.zip) <br> --> .pri0 is East component, .pri1 is North component, .pri2 is Vertical component.<br> <br> - Weather data from weather station next to SG-box (sensor code BSM) during first acquisition Greenland 2021 ( Weather_station_data_Greenland_2021.zip) <br> --> The weather station logs a value every two hours.</p> <p> </p>
MPI-ESM1.2 data for Aerosol Forcing Does Not Sufficiently Explain the Suppressed Mid-20th Century Warming in CMIP6
<p>This dataset contains results from simulations with the MPI-ESM1.2-CR, created by Linnea Huusko and used in the following paper: Flynn, C. M., Huusko, L., Modak, A., and Mauritsen, T.: Strong aerosol cooling alone does not explain cold-biased mid-century temperatures in CMIP6 models, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1613, 2023.</p>
Darbe Plus IV Iron to Decrease Transfusions While Maintaining Iron Sufficiency in Preterm Infants
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05340465. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Ziprasidone Augmentation of SSRIs for Patients With Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) That do Not Sufficiently Respond to Treatment With SSRIs
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00633399. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Genetic drift does not sufficiently explain patterns of electric signal variation among populations of the mormyrid electric fish Paramormyrops kingsleyae
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Post-processed data for: Dopamine D1 receptor activation in the striatum is sufficient to drive reinforcement of anteceding cortical patterns
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Hedgehog signaling is necessary and sufficient to mediate craniofacial plasticity in teleosts
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Data from: Simple visual stimuli are sufficient to drive responses in action observation and execution neurons in the macaque ventral premotor cortex
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Is an ecosystem perspective sufficient to understand meta-ecosystem processes? A critical reflection
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Cooking chicken at home: common or recommended approaches to judge doneness may not assure sufficient inactivation of pathogens
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Antibiotics can be used to contain drug-resistant bacteria by maintaining sufficiently large sensitive populations
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The extrafollicular response is sufficient to drive initiation of autoimmunity and early disease hallmarks of lupus
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Moisture alone is sufficient to impart strength but not weathering resistance to termite mound soil
<p>Soil is used for construction of structures by many animals, at times admixed with endogenous secretions. These additives, along with soil components, are suggested to have a role in biocementation. However, the relative contribution of endogenous and exogenous materials to soil strength has not been adequately established. Termite mounds are earthen structures with exceptional strength and durability including weathering resistance to wind and rain. With <i>in-situ</i> and lab-based experiments we demonstrate that the fungus-farming termite <i>Odontotermes obesus</i> which builds soil nest mounds, when given a choice, prefers soil close to its liquid limit for construction. At this moisture content, the soil–water mixture alone even in the absence of termite handling undergoes self-weight consolidation and upon drying attains a monolithic, densely packed structure with compressive strength comparable to the <i>in-situ</i> strength of the mound soil; however, the soil–water mixture alone has lower resistance to water erosion than the <i>in-situ</i> mound samples suggesting that termite secretions impart weathering resistance and thereby long-term stability to the mound. Therefore, weathering resistance and compressive strength are conferred by different aspects of termite soil manipulation. Our work provides novel insights into termite mound construction and strength correlates for earthen structures built by animals.</p>
Ecological fitting is a sufficient driver of tight interactions between sunbirds and ornithophilous plants
<p>1. Plant-bird pollination interactions evolved independently on different continents. Specific adaptations can lead to their restriction when potential partners from distant evolutionary trajectories come into contact. Alternatively, these interactions can be enabled by convergent evolution and subsequent ecological fitting.<br> 2. We studied the interactions between New World plants from the genus Heliconia, Asian plants of genus Etlingera and African sunbirds on a local farm in Cameroon. Heliconia evolved together with hummingbirds and Etlingera spp. with spiderhunters - an oriental subgroup of the sunbird family. <br> 3. Sunbirds fed on all studied plants and individual plant species were visited by a different sunbird spectrum. We experimentally documented a higher number of germinated pollen grains in sunbird visited flowers of Etlingera spp. For Heliconia spp. this experiment was not successful and pollen tubes were rarely observed, even in hand pollinated flowers, where enough pollen was deposited. The analyses of contacts with plant reproductive organs nevertheless confirmed that sunbirds are good pollen vectors for both Heliconia and Etlingera species.<br> 4. Our study demonstrated a high ecological fit between actors of distinct evolutionary history and the general validity of bird-pollination syndrome. We moreover show that trait matching and niche differentiation are important ecological processes also in semi-artificial plant-pollinator systems.</p>
Data from: Is strain elastography (IO-SE) sufficient for characterization of liver lesions before surgical resection - or is contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) necessary?
Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of IO-SE in comparison to IO-CEUS for the differentiation between malignant and benign liver lesions. Material and Methods: In a retrospective diagnostic study IO-CEUS and SE examinations of 49 liver lesions were evaluated and compared to histopathological examinations. Ultrasound was performed using a multifrequency linear probe (6–9 MHz). The loops of CEUS were evaluated up to 5 min. The qualitative characterization of IO-SE was based on a color coding system (blue = hard, red = soft). Stiffness of all lesions was quantified by a specific scaling of 0–6 (0 = low, 6 = high) using 7 ROIs (2 central, 5 peripheral). Results: All malignant lesions displayed a characteristic portal venous washout and could be diagnosed correctly by IO-CEUS. 3/5 benign lesions could not be characterized properly either by IO-CEUS or IO-SE prior to resection. Thus for IO-CEUS sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and accuracy were 100%, 40%, 94%, 100% and 94%. Lesion sizes were between 8 and 59 mm in diameter. Regarding the IO-SE, malignant lesions showed a marked variability. In qualitative analysis, 31 of the malignant lesions were blue colored denoting overall induration. Thirteen malignant lesions showed an inhomogenous color pattern with partial indurations. Two of the benign lesions also displayed overall induration. The other benign lesions showed an inhomogenous color mapping. Calculated sensitivity of the SE was 70.5%, specificity 60%, PPV 94%, NPV 18.75%, and accuracy 69%. Conclusion: IO-CEUS is useful for localization and characterization of liver lesions prior to surgical resection whereas IO-SE provided correct characterization only for a limited number of lesions.
Data from: Mutation is a sufficient and robust predictor of genetic variation for mitotic spindle traits in Caenorhabditis elegans
Different types of phenotypic traits consistently exhibit different levels of genetic variation in natural populations. There are two potential explanations: either mutation produces genetic variation at different rates, or natural selection removes or promotes genetic variation at different rates. Whether mutation or selection is of greater general importance is a longstanding unresolved question in evolutionary genetics. We report mutational variances (VM) for 19 traits related to the first mitotic cell division in C. elegans, and compare them to the standing genetic variances (VG) for the same suite of traits in a worldwide collection C. elegans. Two robust conclusions emerge. First, the mutational process is highly repeatable: the correlation between VM in two independent sets of mutation accumulation lines is ~0.9. Second, VM for a trait is a good predictor of VG for that trait: the correlation between VM and VG is ~0.9. This result is predicted for a population at mutation-selection balance; it is not predicted if balancing selection plays a primary role in maintaining genetic variation.
Data from: Eggshell biliverdin concentration does not sufficiently predict eggshell coloration
Avian eggshell coloration may have arisen due to selection on the biological, chemical, or physical properties of the pigments embedded within the eggshell, or due to selection on the coloration that emerges due to pigment deposition. Within both hypothetical frameworks, pigment-based eggshell coloration would be related to metrics of egg quality; however, no one has evaluated the relative strength of coloration and pigment concentration in predicting egg quality. Here, we examined 66 European starling Sturnus vulgaris eggs and quantified eggshell biliverdin concentration (an antioxidant that produces the eggshell's blue coloration) and used 28 different coloration metrics derived from both photographic and spectrophotometric data. We also measured egg size, eggshell thickness, concentration of carotenoids in the yolk, and concentration of lysozyme in the albumen to capture variation in egg quality. We found that throughout the laying sequence, biliverdin concentration increased while eggshell thickness, yolk carotenoid concentration, and lysozyme concentration in the albumen all decreased, but this variation was not captured by any eggshell coloration metric. Both eggshell coloration and biliverdin concentration were negatively associated with yolk carotenoid concentration, but only eggshell biliverdin concentration was negatively associated with yolk mass. Lastly, biliverdin concentration explained, at most, only 46% of the variation for all eggshell coloration metrics. Our results suggest biliverdin concentration is a better predictor of egg quality than egg coloration in European starlings, supporting the hypothesis that eggshell pigment concentration per se may be the target of selection.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Battery Electricity Storage Towards Self-Sufficient Buildings.
<p>These data represent the energy demand of a building designed following the “Directive of the European Parliament on the energy performance of building” (2010/31/EU ) and that meets the “Casaclima” energy certificate. It belongs to the CasaClima A energy class (Class A for what concerns the envelope efficiency, Gold Class for what concerns the overall energy efficiency).</p> <p>Hourly electrical and thermal consumption are presented for a year for 5 different climatic conditions according to the IEA classification.</p> <p>Consumption has been modeled through Energy Plus and validated against measured data. Please refer to <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115313">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115313</a> for the methodology description.</p> <p>Pleas acknowledge <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115313">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115313</a> when using the data set.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.