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77 results for “surface patterns”
Figure 11 in The surface ciliation of anuran amphibian embryos and early larvae: Patterns, timing differences and functions
Figure 11. Ciliary water currents in different stages of R. temporaria embryos and larvae. (A) stage 16; (B) stage 17; (C) stage 18; (D) stage 19; (E) stage 21; (F) stage 22; (G) stage 24; (H) dorsal side; (I) ventral side, stage 26; (J) stage 27. Not all to the same scale. Arrows indicate the observed currents.
Figure 10 in The surface ciliation of anuran amphibian embryos and early larvae: Patterns, timing differences and functions
Figure 10. Changes in mean ciliated cell size on the ventral side of the yolk: (A) in three species of Hylidae; (B) in two species of Leptodactylidae. H, hatching stage. Error bars show standard deviations.
Figure 9 in The surface ciliation of anuran amphibian embryos and early larvae: Patterns, timing differences and functions
Figure 9. Ciliated cell patterns around the lateral line system. (A) R. temporaria, stage 20, lateral side of the head; (B) R. temporaria, stage 21, lateral side of the head; (C) P. pustulosus, stage 26, lateral side of the head; (D) P. pustulosus, stage 26, tail. Arrow heads show lateral line system (neuromasts); arrows show ciliated cells. Scale bar: 500 Mm (A, B); 150 Mm (C, D).
Figure 8 in The surface ciliation of anuran amphibian embryos and early larvae: Patterns, timing differences and functions
Figure 8. Examples of different patterns of cilia resorption. (A) Cilia reabsorption starts from the anterior side of the cell, H. minuta, stage 22, ventral side of the trunk; (B) cilia reabsorption starts from the periphery of the cell, H. minuscula, stage 25, ventral side of the trunk; (C) cilia reabsorption starts from the centre of the cell, P. venulosa, stage 22, dorsal side of the head; (D) cilia have disappeared from the whole of the cell, P. venulosa, stage 23, dorsal side of the head. Scale bars: 30 Mm.
Figure 7 in The surface ciliation of anuran amphibian embryos and early larvae: Patterns, timing differences and functions
Figure 7. Elongated ciliated cells at different locations. (A) B. viridis, stage 18/19, ventral side of the trunk before cell elongation; (B) B. viridis, stage 23, ventral side of the trunk after cell elongation; (C) P. trinitatis, stage 22, tail; (D) H. crepitans, stage 20, ventral side of the trunk; (E) P. trinitatis, stage 20, lateral side of the trunk; (F) B. viridis, stage 22, ventral side of the trunk. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A–D); 120 Mm (E); 15 Mm (F).
Figure 6 in The surface ciliation of anuran amphibian embryos and early larvae: Patterns, timing differences and functions
Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs to show distribution of ciliated cells on the surface of E. urichi at different stages and locations. The need to open up the yolk sac before processing accounts for the somewhat crumpled appearance of some embryos. (A) Stage 5, overall dorsal view; (B) stage 6/7, overall dorsal view; (C) stage 8/9, anterior end, dorsal view; (D) stage 14, overall dorsal view; (E) stage 5, dorso-lateral side of the head; (F) stage 6/7, dorso-lateral side of the head and forelimb bud. *forelimb. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A, C); 1 mm (B, D); 150 Mm (E, F).
Figure 5 in The surface ciliation of anuran amphibian embryos and early larvae: Patterns, timing differences and functions
Figure 5. Sketch of E. urichi embryo, approximately TS stage 6/7. Regions assessed for ciliated cells are 1, head, dorsal; 2, head, lateral; 3, trunk dorsal; 4, trunk, lateral; 5, tail, stem; 6, tail, fins; 7, forelimbs; 8, hindlimbs; 9, yolk sac.
Figure 2 in The surface ciliation of anuran amphibian embryos and early larvae: Patterns, timing differences and functions
Figure 2. Ciliated cell patterns at different body regions. (A) P. pustulosus, stage 27, nostrils; (B) R. temporaria, stage 19, adhesive gland; (C) H. geographica, stage 21, tail; (D) H. crepitans, stage 22, external gill; (E) L. bolivianus, stage 24, dorsal head; (F) L. fuscus, stage 27, hind-limb bud. Scale bars: 500 Mm; (A, B, C, E); 20 Mm (D); 50 Mm (F).
Figure 3 in The surface ciliation of anuran amphibian embryos and early larvae: Patterns, timing differences and functions
Figure 3. The range of ciliated cell densities from ''very dispersed'' to ''very dense''. (A) H. minuta, very dispersed, stage 20, ventral side of the body; (B) R. temporaria, dispersed, stage 18, dorsal side of the head; (C) L. fuscus, intermediate density, stage 20, ventral side of the trunk; (D) L. fuscus, dense, stage 24, ventral side of the trunk; (E) Phrynohyas venulosa, very dense, stage 17, adhesive gland. Scale bars: 35 Mm (A, D); 30 Mm (B, C, E).
Figure 1 in The surface ciliation of anuran amphibian embryos and early larvae: Patterns, timing differences and functions
Figure 1. Ten study locations on the surface of the amphibian embryo/larva at Gosner state 19. (A) Dorsal view; (B) lateral view; (C) ventral view. a, dorsal side of head; b, dorsal side of trunk; c, nostril; d, external gill; e, lateral side of trunk; f, tail; g, mouth; h, adhesive gland; i, ventral side of head; j, ventral side of trunk.
Figure 4 in The surface ciliation of anuran amphibian embryos and early larvae: Patterns, timing differences and functions
Figure 4. The range of ciliated cell shapes. (A) B. viridis, five-sided, stage 15, lateral side of the head; (B) P. venulosa, six-sided, stage 17, ventral side of the trunk; (C) H. boans, multi-sided, stage 20, ventral side of the trunk; (D) L. fuscus, circular, stage 23, ventro-posterior side of the trunk; (E) L. fuscus, oval, stage 23, ventral side of the trunk; (F) P. trinitatis, elongated, stage 20, lateral side of the trunk. Scale bars: 30 Mm (C, D, F); 35 Mm (A, B); 60 Mm (E).
Text-fig. 47. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of reticulate-foveolate pollen on the surface of a fruit of Serialis antiquum; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Pollen grain showing angular outline and tectum perforated by foveolae of different sizes; note the braided tectum ornamentation formed by aggregations of small ridges (b); aperture not known; c, d) Pollen grain showing angular outline, tectum perforated by foveolae that become smaller toward the presumed pole; note the relatively smooth tectum and faint pattern of braiding ridges (d); aperture not known. Specimens, TV43-S171535-01 (a, b), TV43-S171535-02 (c, d). Scale bars 6 Μm (a, c), 1 Μm (b, d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 47. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of reticulate-foveolate pollen on the surface of a fruit of Serialis antiquum; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Pollen grain showing angular outline and tectum perforated by foveolae of different sizes; note the braided tectum ornamentation formed by aggregations of small ridges (b); aperture not known; c, d) Pollen grain showing angular outline, tectum perforated by foveolae that become smaller toward the presumed pole; note the relatively smooth tectum and faint pattern of braiding ridges (d); aperture not known. Specimens, TV43-S171535-01 (a, b), TV43-S171535-02 (c, d). Scale bars 6 Μm (a, c), 1 Μm (b, d).
Text-fig. 44. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Juhaszia portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from a fragment of a pollen sac (a–e) and stamen fragment and pollen of Dictyozonia pusilla gen. et sp. nov. (f–k); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; fragment of pollen sac that yielded the pollen in (b–e); b) Proximal surface of pollen grain showing reticulate sculpture in the equatorial regions grading into more a continuous foveolate tectum at the proximal pole; c) Reticulum on the proximal surface showing smooth muri delimiting large and small luminae. Muri supported by numerous short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; d) Distal surface of pollen grain showing the long colpus and reticulate sculpture with a distinctive pattern of large and small luminae; e) Pollen grain from which the reticulum has become in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 44. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Juhaszia portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from a fragment of a pollen sac (a–e) and stamen fragment and pollen of Dictyozonia pusilla gen. et sp. nov. (f–k); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; fragment of pollen sac that yielded the pollen in (b–e); b) Proximal surface of pollen grain showing reticulate sculpture in the equatorial regions grading into more a continuous foveolate tectum at the proximal pole; c) Reticulum on the proximal surface showing smooth muri delimiting large and small luminae. Muri supported by numerous short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; d) Distal surface of pollen grain showing the long colpus and reticulate sculpture with a distinctive pattern of large and small luminae; e) Pollen grain from which the reticulum has become
Text-fig. 5. Reyispermum parvum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype (S174178; Vale de Agua sample 141) in lateral view showing shape and cell pattern; remains of mounting media (¤). b) Cut volume rendering of seed (cut at yz0553) showing the slightly raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) and palisade-shaped cells of exotesta. c) Apical view of seed showing hilar depression (hi), position of micropylar slit (mi) and the slightly raised raphal ridge (ra). d) Seed in lateral view showing raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) (S174495, Vale de Água sample 300). e) Cut volume rendering (cut at yz0500) of the seed in (5d) showing the raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum and sclerenchyma cells of exotesta. f) Detail of seed in (5d) showing micropylar slit (mi), hilum (hi) and raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum. g, h) Seed in lateral view (g) and view towards raphe (h) showing seed shape, the raised tissue below hilum (arrow head) and the raphal ridge (ra); note pointed micropylar area (S174179, Vale de Água sample 141). i) Seed surface of seed in (5d) showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. Scale bars = 250 µm (a–e, g, h); 125 µm (f, i). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal
Text-fig. 5. Reyispermum parvum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype (S174178; Vale de Agua sample 141) in lateral view showing shape and cell pattern; remains of mounting media (¤). b) Cut volume rendering of seed (cut at yz0553) showing the slightly raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) and palisade-shaped cells of exotesta. c) Apical view of seed showing hilar depression (hi), position of micropylar slit (mi) and the slightly raised raphal ridge (ra). d) Seed in lateral view showing raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) (S174495, Vale de Água sample 300). e) Cut volume rendering (cut at yz0500) of the seed in (5d) showing the raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum and sclerenchyma cells of exotesta. f) Detail of seed in (5d) showing micropylar slit (mi), hilum (hi) and raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum. g, h) Seed in lateral view (g) and view towards raphe (h) showing seed shape, the raised tissue below hilum (arrow head) and the raphal ridge (ra); note pointed micropylar area (S174179, Vale de Água sample 141). i) Seed surface of seed in (5d) showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. Scale bars = 250 µm (a–e, g, h); 125 µm (f, i).
Figure 15. Histology underlying grossly smooth surface patterns. A in Growth and textural ageing in long bones of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)
Figure 15. Histology underlying grossly smooth surface patterns. A, slight surface undulations (arrows) associated grossly with shallow dimples (FWC 40854, femur section b). B, smooth surface underlain by zone of lamellar bone (FWC 40583, humerus section c). C, smooth surface underlain by annulus. Arrows indicate annuli throughout cortex (FWC LGS8, tibia section d). Scale bars = 230 µm.
Figure 14. Histology underlying porous surface patterns. A in Growth and textural ageing in long bones of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)
Figure 14. Histology underlying porous surface patterns. A, zone of fibrolamellar bone underlying etched porous surface (FWC 40723, tibia section c). B, fibrolamellar zone with large radial channels (arrow) underlying surface with overprinted dotted and etched porosity (FWC 40723, femur section c). C, longitudinal channels underlying radiating fibrous region, with arrows indicating channels intersecting and recently incorporated into the bone surface (FWC LGS4, femur section d). D, channels in varying orientations underlying dotted porous surface (FWC LGS1, femur section c). E, zone of lamellar bone underlying dotted porous surface (FWC 40583, humerus section c). Scale bars = 230 µm.
Data from: Cryogenic land surface processes shape vegetation biomass patterns in northern European tundra
<p>Tundra ecosystems have experienced changes in vegetation composition, distribution, and productivity over the past century due to climate warming. However, the increase in above-ground biomass (AGB) may be constrained by cryogenic land surface processes (LSP) that cause topsoil disturbance and variable microsite conditions. These effects have remained unaccounted for in tundra biomass models, although they can impact multiple opposing feedbacks between the biosphere and atmosphere, ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. Here, by using field-quantified data from northern Europe, remote sensing, and machine learning, we show that LSP substantially constrain AGB in tundra. The three surveyed LSP (cryoturbation, solifluction and nivation) collectively reduced AGB by an average of 123.0 g m<sup>-2 </sup>(-30.0%). This effect was significant over landscape positions and was especially pronounced in snowbed environments, where the mean reduction in AGB was 57.3%. Our results imply that LSP are pivotal in shaping future patterns of tundra biomass, as long as cryogenic ground activity is retained by climate warming.</p> <p>These are the key data and codes related from Aalto et al., (2021).</p> <p> </p>
Adsorption patterns of the WT, delta and omicron variants onto hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces
<p>Adsorption of the WT, delta and omicron variants onto hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. This contains 3 replicas of each.</p>
Рис. 21–25. Частота изменчивости основных эΛементов рисунка (меΑиаΛьной, парамеΑиаΛьных и маргинаΛьных поΛос) ΑорсаΛьной поверхности мезосомы Mesobuthus eupeus в посеΛениях кажΑой из выборок. 21 – Северо-ЗапаΑный Гобустан (n = 57); 22 – Северо-Восточный Гобустан (n = 40); 23 – ЦентраΛьный Гобустан (n = 81); 24 – Юго-Восточный Гобустан (n = 103); 25 – Юго-Восточный Ширван (n = 86). По оси абсцисс указаны посеΛения, по оси орΑинат – частота изменчивости. Figs 21–25. Frequency of variability of the main elements of pattern (medial, paramedical and marginal stripes) of dorsal surface of mesosome of Mesobuthus eupeus in conglomerations of each sample. 21 – northwestern Gobustan (n = 57); 22 – northeastern Gobustan (n = 40); 23 – central Gobustan (n = 81); 24 – southeastern Gobustan (n = 103); 25 – southeastern Shirvan (n = 86). Abscissas show conglomerations, ordinates – the frequency of variability. in Materials on the colour pattern variability of Mesobuthus eupeus (C.L. Koch, 1839) (Arachnida: Scorpiones) in southeastern Shirvan and Gobustan (Eastern Azerbaijan)
Рис. 21–25. Частота изменчивости основных эΛементов рисунка (меΑиаΛьной, парамеΑиаΛьных и маргинаΛьных поΛос) ΑорсаΛьной поверхности мезосомы Mesobuthus eupeus в посеΛениях кажΑой из выборок. 21 – Северо-ЗапаΑный Гобустан (n = 57); 22 – Северо-Восточный Гобустан (n = 40); 23 – ЦентраΛьный Гобустан (n = 81); 24 – Юго-Восточный Гобустан (n = 103); 25 – Юго-Восточный Ширван (n = 86). По оси абсцисс указаны посеΛения, по оси орΑинат – частота изменчивости. Figs 21–25. Frequency of variability of the main elements of pattern (medial, paramedical and marginal stripes) of dorsal surface of mesosome of Mesobuthus eupeus in conglomerations of each sample. 21 – northwestern Gobustan (n = 57); 22 – northeastern Gobustan (n = 40); 23 – central Gobustan (n = 81); 24 – southeastern Gobustan (n = 103); 25 – southeastern Shirvan (n = 86). Abscissas show conglomerations, ordinates – the frequency of variability.
GF4ACE -- Data from: Reanalysis-based global radiative response to sea surface temperature patterns: Evaluating the Ai2 climate emulator
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