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156 results for “survival rate”
Larval nutrition impacts survival to adulthood, body size, and the allometric scaling of metabolic rate in adult honeybees
<p>Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a fundamental physiological measure linked to numerous aspects of organismal function, including lifespan. Although dietary restriction in insects during larval growth/development affects adult RMR, the impact of larval diet <i>quality</i> on adult RMR has not been studied. Using <i>in vitro</i> rearing to control larval diet quality, we determined the effect of dietary protein and carbohydrate on honeybee survival-to-adulthood, time-to-eclosion, body mass/size and adult RMR. High carbohydrate larval diets increased survival-to-adulthood and time-to-eclosion compared to both low carbohydrate and high protein diets. Upon emergence, bees reared on the high protein diet were smaller and lighter than those reared on other diets, whilst those raised on the high carbohydrate diet varied more in body mass. Newly emerged adult bees' reared on the high carbohydrate diet showed a significantly steeper increase in allometric scaling of RMR compared to those reared on other diets. This suggests that diet quality influences survival-to-adulthood, time-to-eclosion, and the allometric scaling of RMR. Given that agricultural intensification and increasing urbanisation have led to a decrease in both forage availability and dietary diversity for bees, our results are critical to improving understanding of the impacts of poor developmental nutrition on bee growth/development and physiology.</p>
Data from: Selection on early survival does not explain germination rate clines in Mimulus cardinalis
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Larval nutrition impacts survival to adulthood, body size, and the allometric scaling of metabolic rate in adult honeybees
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Data from: Behavioral hypervolumes of predator groups and predator-predator interactions shape prey survival rates and selection on prey behavior
Predator-prey interactions often vary on the basis of the traits of the individual predators and prey involved. Here we examine whether the multidimensional behavioral diversity of predator groups shapes prey mortality rates and selection on prey behavior. We ran individual sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus) through three behavioral assays to characterize individuals' behavioral phenotype along three axes. We then created groups that varied in the volume of behavioral space that they occupied. We further manipulated the ability of predators to interact with one another physically via the addition of barriers. Prey snails (Chlorostome funebralis) were also run through an assay to evaluate their predator avoidance behavior before their use in mesocosm experiments. We then subjected pools of prey to predator groups and recorded the number of prey consumed and their behavioral phenotypes. We found that predator-predator interactions changed survival selection on prey traits: when predators were prevented from interacting, more fearful snails had higher survival rates, whereas prey fearfulness had no effect on survival when predators were free to interact. We also found that groups of predators that occupied a larger volume in behavioral trait space consumed 35% more prey snails than homogeneous predator groups. Finally, we found that behavioral hypervolumes were better predictors of prey survival rates than single behavioral traits or other multivariate statistics (i.e., principal component analysis). Taken together, predator-predator interactions and multidimensional behavioral diversity determine prey survival rates and selection on prey traits in this system.
Data from: Abundance, survival, and annual rate of change in Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) on a Navy sonar range
<p>Bayesian mark-recapture estimates of survival, abundance, and trend are reported for Cuvier's beaked whales (<em>Ziphius cavirostris</em>) using a Navy training range off southern California. The deep-diving beaked whale family is exceptionally vulnerable to mid-frequency active sonar (MFAS), which has been implicated in mass strandings and altered foraging behavior. Extremely low sighting probabilities impede studies of population-level impacts of MFAS on beaked whales. The San Nicolas Basin hosts a Navy training range subject to frequent MFAS use and attracts high densities of <em>Z. cavirostris</em>. An eleven-year (2007–2018) photo-identification program leveraged automated acoustic detection and location capabilities on the range's 1,800-km<sup>2</sup> hydrophone array to enhance capture probability. Estimated population parameters for <em>Z. cavirostris </em>using the range included mean (90% credibility intervals) apparent annual survival of 0.950 (0.899–0.986), the annual number of individuals as 121 (71–219), and the annual rate of change of -0.8% (-5.6 – 4.1%). Simulations show the probability of detecting abundance changes is currently low, but can be greatly improved through continued monitoring and increased effort. Complementary data collection on habitat use and demographic rates in San Nicolas and surrounding basins is also essential to relating the direct effects of MFAS use to changes in vital rates and broader population outcomes.</p>
Declining survival rates of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) during the first outbreak of sarcoptic mange in Sweden
<p>Rapid declines in red fox (Vulpes vulpes) populations have followed outbreaks of epizootic mange caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. In Sweden, the first outbreak of sarcoptic mange started in 1977/78 and affected the whole country by 1984. Here we used data on number of harvested red foxes from Gävleborg county (18 199 km2) in Sweden between 1970 and 1994. We used data on the prevalence of sarcoptic mange in harvested red foxes from 1974 to 1982. A rapid decline in harvested foxes occurred two to three years after the prevalence of sarcoptic mange first became evident. In the same period, Mark-Recovery data were used to estimate changes in survival rates, and the best model included an effect of age (young or adult) and period (annual) on the survival and recapture probabilities. The analysis was based data from 701 young foxes of which 523 were recovered, and 133 adults of which 131 were recovered. Average annual survival was 0.55 (range=0.53-0.58) for adult and 0.36 (range=0.32-0.39) for young foxes in the three years preceding the outbreak. During the outbreak and the remaining six years of the study, the average survival was reduced to 0.41 (range=0.30-0.48) for adult and to 0.25 (range=0.17-0.30) for young foxes. A population model, based on our results on survival and literature data on fecundity, was developed to project the decline of the fox population. The rate and magnitude of the reduction in the projected population and harvested foxes were similar, with both reduced by almost ninety percent. Harvest statistics indicate the fox population recovered to pre-mange densities in less than 10 years after the first detection of mange indicating a rapid development of resistance in the host. This study shows the importance of long-term population monitoring in combination with large-scale field-experiments to device alternative management options.</p>
Data from: Estimating survival and adoption rates of dependent juveniles
<p>1. Population growth and fitness are typically most sensitive to adult survival in long-lived species, but variation in recruitment often explains most of the variation in fitness, as past selection has canalized adult survival. Estimating juvenile survival until age of independence has proven challenging, because marking individuals in this age class may directly affect survival. For Greater Sage-grouse, uniquely marking juveniles in the first days of life likely results in adverse effects to survival, detection of juveniles is not perfect, and females adopt juveniles from other parents. These challenges are encountered by researchers studying avian and mammalian species with similar life histories, yet, methods do not exist that explicitly estimate all these components of the recruitment process.</p> <p>2. We propose a novel data collection method and demographic model to simultaneously estimate rates of detection, survival, and adoption of juvenile individuals. Using multiple cameras to film the beginning of juvenile activity on specific days, we obtained counts of juveniles associated with marked females. Increases of juveniles to broods provided information that enabled us to estimate rates of adoption that can be applied at the population level. Losses from broods informed apparent survival. These losses could be attributed to death, or they could be chicks that were adopted by other females.</p> <p>3. We found evidence that apparent survival of juveniles was influenced by localized weather patterns when chicks were young. Similarly, we found that young chicks were more susceptible to the adverse effect of attending females being flushed by an observer. Both of these patterns diminished quickly as chicks aged. We provide the first-ever estimates of interval-specific adoption rates.</p> <p>4. Our results suggest that researchers should be cautious when designing studies to estimate juvenile survival. More importantly, they provide insight into adoption, a behavior that has been known to exist for decades.</p>
Data from: Climatic stress decreases tick survival but increases rate of host-seeking behavior
<p>Ticks are vectors of many diseases and are expanding in geographic distribution. However, how ticks will fare in their new environments where they may experience stressful climatic conditions at the expansion front remains unclear. Since there is a trade-off in ticks between behaviors that promote longevity and behaviors that promote reproduction, we hypothesized that extreme climatic stress reduces the survivorship of ticks but increases the frequency of tick host-seeking behavior or questing. Here, we used a novel method to simulate climatic stress on individual ticks of three species – Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor variabilis, and Ixodes scapularis – to evaluate their survival, physiology, and questing behavior. The first experiment involved placing 144 adult ticks of each species in two temperature ranges (15-25 °C and 25-35 °C) and three relative humidity treatments (32% RH, 58% RH, and 84% RH). We assessed the ticks daily for survivorship and questing, and we measured water loss by comparing the mass of each tick when it died to when it was fully hydrated. In this first experiment, ticks in warmer and less humid conditions generally died faster than in cooler and more humid conditions. Ticks of all three species were more likely to quest shortly before their death and consistently died after losing approximately 50-56% of total body water content, but Ixodes reached that threshold much faster than the other two species. The second experiment involved placing 18 ticks of each species at 35 °C and 32% RH. We assessed the ticks every three hours for survivorship, questing, and water loss. Ticks again were more likely to quest shortly before their death. With frequent checks, we were able to measure the dehydration tolerance more accurately and the rate of water loss. Ticks of all three species consistently died after losing approximately 51% of total body water content. However, Ixodes lost water approximately 5× faster than Amblyomma and 11× faster than Dermacentor. These results demonstrate that severe climatic stress tilts the trade-off toward higher questing rates, but not higher overall questing time because of reduced survival rates. Further investigations of ticks' behavioral and physiological responses to abiotic stress are necessary to develop robust models of how climate change will affect the transmission of tick-borne diseases.</p>
Hawaiian gallinule vital rate data from O'ahu and Kaua'i: Reproduction and survival data from an endangered bird
<p>Where stable source populations of at-risk species exist, translocation may be a reasonable strategy for re-establishing extirpated populations. However, the success rates of such efforts are mixed, necessitating thorough preliminary investigation. Stochastic population modeling can be a useful method of assessing the potential success of translocations. Here, we report on the results of modeling translocation success for the Hawaiian Common Gallinule ('alae 'ula; <em>Gallinula galeata sandvicensis</em>), an endangered waterbird endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Using updated vital rates, we constructed a model simulating three existing extant (wild) source populations and a hypothetical recipient site on another island. We then projected the effects of six different translocation scenarios and sensitivity of the results to variation of three important demographic parameters on the probability of extinction (PE) of the reintroduced and donor populations. Larger translocations, of at least 30 birds, had low probability of extinction in the reintroduced population, but raised extinction risk of the smallest source population. Spacing out translocations in time (e.g., 10 birds translocated in total in three installments over nine years), led to lower PE than translocating all individuals at once (i.e., bulk translocations) for both the source and reintroduced populations. Brood size and hatch-year juvenile survival had a disproportionate impact on reintroduced population viability. Importantly, the reported juvenile survival rate is very near the threshold for population failure. This suggests that post-introduction and subsequent management of wetlands, particularly predator control, could be critical to reintroduction success. We recommend that individuals should be translocated from multiple, genetically distinct subpopulations to reduce the possibility of inbreeding depression. Based on this analysis, the recipient wetland should be sufficiently large that it can support at least 25 pairs of gallinules. Based on recent estimates of population densities on O'ahu, such a wetland would need to be between 3.75-74.6 ha.</p> <p>Where stable source populations of at-risk species exist, translocation may be a reasonable strategy for re-establishing extirpated populations. However, the success rates of such efforts are mixed, necessitating thorough preliminary investigation. Stochastic population modeling can be a useful method of assessing the potential success of translocations. Here, we report on the results of modeling translocation success for the Hawaiian Common Gallinule ('alae 'ula; <em>Gallinula galeata sandvicensis</em>), an endangered waterbird endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Using updated vital rates, we constructed a model simulating three existing extant (wild) source populations and a hypothetical recipient site on another island. We then projected the effects of six different translocation scenarios and sensitivity of the results to variation of three important demographic parameters on the probability of extinction (PE) of the reintroduced and donor populations. Larger translocations, of at least 30 birds, had low probability of extinction in the reintroduced population, but raised extinction risk of the smallest source population. Spacing out translocations in time (e.g., 10 birds translocated in total in three installments over nine years), led to lower PE than translocating all individuals at once (i.e., bulk translocations) for both the source and reintroduced populations. Brood size and hatch-year juvenile survival had a disproportionate impact on reintroduced population viability. Importantly, the reported juvenile survival rate is very near the threshold for population failure. This suggests that post-introduction and subsequent management of wetlands, particularly predator control, could be critical to reintroduction success. We recommend that individuals should be translocated from multiple, genetically distinct subpopulations to reduce the possibility of inbreeding depression. Based on this analysis, the recipient wetland should be sufficiently large that it can support at least 25 pairs of gallinules. Based on recent estimates of population densities on O'ahu, such a wetland would need to be between 3.75-74.6 ha.</p>
Fig 1 in Growth performance, nutrient utilization and survival rate of Clarias gariepinus fed varied inclusion of processed Moringa oleifera diets
Fig 1: Showing Research Location
Figure 6 in Monitoring the survival rate of released chukars: a case study in Elmalı Cedar Forest, Antalya, Turkey
Figure 6. Weekly numbers of monitored chukars released into the study area.
Figure 3 in Monitoring the survival rate of released chukars: a case study in Elmalı Cedar Forest, Antalya, Turkey
Figure 3. Monitoring station in the research area.
Figure 5 in Monitoring the survival rate of released chukars: a case study in Elmalı Cedar Forest, Antalya, Turkey
Figure 5. Responses of birds to project team members during the first month after release.
Figure 4 in Monitoring the survival rate of released chukars: a case study in Elmalı Cedar Forest, Antalya, Turkey
Figure 4. Natural predators of the chukars that visited the aviary on the first day of the study.
Figure 1 in Monitoring the survival rate of released chukars: a case study in Elmalı Cedar Forest, Antalya, Turkey
Figure 1. Geographical location of the study area.
Figure 2 in Monitoring the survival rate of released chukars: a case study in Elmalı Cedar Forest, Antalya, Turkey
Figure 2. Attaching transmitters to monitor chukar individuals.
Figure 2 in Assessing population size and survival rate of Pelophylax bedriagae caralitanus, in a well-protected Nature Park in Türkiye
Figure 2. The view of the habitat surrounding Gölcük Lake.
Table 1 in How long do dolphins live? Survival rates and life expectancies for bottlenose dolphins in zoological facilities ťs. wild populations
<p><i>Table 1.</i> Mean and median life expectancies (in years, with 95% confidence intervals) for bottlenose dolphins in zoological care as calculated by Kaplan-Meier analyses.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Time period</th><th>Median LE (CI)</th><th>Mean LE (CI)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>1974–1982</th><td>9.0 (5.9–11.4)</td><td>10.6 (8.8–12.5)</td></tr><tr><th>1983–1992</th><td>15.3 (12.5–17.1)</td><td>17.3 (15.2–19.4)</td></tr><tr><th>1993–2002</th><td>18.2 (14.1–20.3)</td><td>20.3 (18.0–22.5)</td></tr><tr><th>2003–2012</th><td>29.2 (25.0–32.9)</td><td>28.2 (25.3–31.0)</td></tr></tbody></table>
Data used in the GRL paper titled "Climatology of Tropical Cyclone Seed Frequency and Survival Rate in Tropical Cyclones"
<p>Data used in the GRL paper titled "Climatology of Tropical Cyclone Seed Frequency and Survival Rate in Tropical Cyclones" by Ikehata and Satoh</p> <p>Please download and decompress the zip file. We describe details of this dataset in "readme.txt".</p>
Dietary Phytoimmunostimulant Enhanced Hematological Status and Survival Rate of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
<p>This study determined the effectiveness of mango leaves (<em>Mangifera indica</em>), guava leaves (<em>Psidium guajava</em>), and noni leaves (<em>Morinda citrifolia</em>), in increasing the immune parameters of common carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio </em>L.).<strong> </strong>This research was conducted using a one-factor completely randomized design, consisting of experimental controls (commercial feed without phytoimmunostimulants = T0), and commercial feed which was supplemented with mango leaves (T1), guava leaves (T2), and noni leaves (T3). These were used in 3 replicate experiment in common carp that had been reared in floating net cages in the Koto Panjang PLTA Reservoir. Fish in groups of 100 were fed at 5% of body weight per day for 60 days with feed supplemented with 1.5 g of plant material/100g of diet. The parameters observed were erythrocyte and leukocyte profile and survival rate<strong>. </strong>The results showed that the addition of plant leaves to the feed significantly increased the profile of erythrocytes of common carp (P<0.05) with the best result resulting from supplementation with guava leaves. Here, the hematological profiles were erythrocytes (1.82-1.97 x106 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>), hemoglobin (8.53-9.2 g/dL), hematocrit (35.67-39.67%,) total leukocytes )3.21-3.87 x104 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>), phagocytic index (21.33-27.00%), lymphocytes (83.33-84.33 %), monocytes (8.00-9.33%), neutrophils (7.33-7.67%), blood glucose (1.67-104 mg/dL) and survival rate (95.67%).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.