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Figs 16–19 in Macrobiotus polypiformis sp. nov., a new tardigrade (Macrobiotidae; hufelandi group) from the Ecuadorian Pacific coast, with remarks on the claw abnormalities in eutardigrades

Figs 16–19. Macrobiotus polypiformis sp. nov., paratypes. 16. Granulation on the II pair of legs, arrow (PCM). 17. Granulation on IV pair of legs, arrow (PCM). 18. Granulation on II pair of legs (SEM). 19. Modified claw IV (arrowheads) and granulation on IV pair of legs, arrow (SEM). Scale bars in μm.

Figs 3–6 in Macrobiotus polypiformis sp. nov., a new tardigrade (Macrobiotidae; hufelandi group) from the Ecuadorian Pacific coast, with remarks on the claw abnormalities in eutardigrades

Figs 3–6. Macrobiotus polypiformis sp. nov. 3. Cuticular pores visible in PCM (paratype). 4. Cuticular pores visible in SEM (paratype). 5–6. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus (dorso–ventral projection), the filled arrowhead indicates the first macroplacoid with central constriction (Fig. 5 = paratype in PCM; Fig. 6 = holotype in DIC). Scale bars in μm.

Figs 7–9 in Macrobiotus polypiformis sp. nov., a new tardigrade (Macrobiotidae; hufelandi group) from the Ecuadorian Pacific coast, with remarks on the claw abnormalities in eutardigrades

Figs 7–9. Macrobiotus polypiformis sp. nov., paratypes. 7. Third band of teeth visible under PCM (empty arrowhead). 8–9. Oral cavity armature (SEM), the filled arrowheads indicate teeth of the first band, arrows indicate teeth of the second band, the empty arrowheads indicate teeth of the third band, M = median teeth, L = lateral teeth, a = accessory teeth, rhombi = ring folds, asterisks = ventral side.

Figs 10–15. Claws. 10. Claw II in Macrobiotus polypiformis sp. nov., a new tardigrade (Macrobiotidae; hufelandi group) from the Ecuadorian Pacific coast, with remarks on the claw abnormalities in eutardigrades

Figs 10–15. Claws. 10. Claw II with smooth lunules (PCM, paratype). 11. Claw IV (PCM, holotype). 12. Indented lunules on claw IV (PCM, paratype). 13. Claw I with smooth lunules (SEM, paratype). 14. Claw IV with indented lunules (SEM, paratype). 15. Aberrant claw IV (SEM, paratype). Numbers 1–2 indicate normally developed claw branches/spurs, whereas 3–4 indicate aberrant claw branches/ spurs. Scale bars in μm.

Figs 1–2 in Macrobiotus polypiformis sp. nov., a new tardigrade (Macrobiotidae; hufelandi group) from the Ecuadorian Pacific coast, with remarks on the claw abnormalities in eutardigrades

Figs 1–2. Macrobiotus polypiformis sp. nov., holotype, habitus, dorso-ventral projection. 1. Seen in PCM. 2. Seen in DIC. Scale bars in μm.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2016View details →

No evidence for extensive horizontal gene transfer in the genome of the tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini

No evidence for extensive horizontal gene transfer in the genome of the tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini These files accompany the peer-reviewed version of http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/033464 A previous dataset https://zenodo.org/record/45162 accompanied the version of this manuscript at BioRxiv - biorxiv.org/content/early/2015/12/13/033464 This dataset includes all files from https://zenodo.org/record/45162 plus all the Supplemental files, and one additional file HGT_phylogenetic_files.tgz. All files are described in Hypsibius_dujardini_files_README.md Abstract Tardigrades are meiofaunal ecdysozoans that are key to understanding the origins of Arthropoda. Many species of Tardigrada can survive extreme conditions through cryptobiosis. In a recent paper (Boothby TC et al (2015) Evidence for extensive horizontal gene transfer from the draft genome of a tardigrade. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112:15976-15981) the authors concluded that the tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini had an unprecedented proportion (17%) of genes originating through functional horizontal gene transfer (fHGT), and speculated that fHGT was likely formative in the evolution of cryptobiosis. We independently sequenced the genome of H. dujardini. As expected from whole-organism DNA sampling, our raw data contained reads from non-target genomes. Filtering using metagenomics approaches generated a draft H. dujardini genome assembly of 135 Mb with superior assembly metrics to the previously published assembly. Additional microbial contamination likely remains. We found no support for extensive fHGT. Among 23,021 gene predictions we identified 0.2% strong candidates for fHGT from bacteria, and 0.2% strong candidates for fHGT from non-metazoan eukaryotes. Cross-comparison of assemblies showed that the overwhelming majority of HGT candidates in the Boothby et al. genome derived from contaminants. We conclude that fHGT into H. dujardini accounts for at most 1-2% of genes and that the proposal that one sixth of tardigrade genes originate from functional HGT events is an artefact of undetected contamination.

FIGURE 65 b in A description of the new tardigrade Macrobiotus reinhardti (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae, harmsworthi group) with some remarks on the oral cavity armature within the genus Macrobiotus Schultze

FIGURE 65 b. The same SEM as 65 a but not coloured. Arrows indicate three bands of teeth (I – III) and the oral cavity fold (f). The star (*) indicates the most dorsal lamella.

FIGURE 65 a in A description of the new tardigrade Macrobiotus reinhardti (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae, harmsworthi group) with some remarks on the oral cavity armature within the genus Macrobiotus Schultze

FIGURE 65 a. Oral cavity armature of the hufelandi type (photomicrograph of the same specimen of Macrobiotus sp. as is shown on figs 55 a – 60 b). Colour codes for individual bands of teeth: I band = red; II band = yellow; III band = blue. Oral cavity ring fold = green. The star (*) indicates the most dorsal lamella. (SEM)

FIGURES 59 a – 64 a in A description of the new tardigrade Macrobiotus reinhardti (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae, harmsworthi group) with some remarks on the oral cavity armature within the genus Macrobiotus Schultze

FIGURES 59 a – 64 a. Oral cavity armature of the hufelandi type (series of photomicrographs of one specimen of Macrobiotus sp.). Colour codes for individual bands of teeth: I band = red; II band = yellow; III band = blue. Oral cavity ring fold = green. The star (*) indicates the most dorsal lamella. (SEM)

FIGURES 41 – 44 in A description of the new tardigrade Macrobiotus reinhardti (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae, harmsworthi group) with some remarks on the oral cavity armature within the genus Macrobiotus Schultze

FIGURES 41 – 44. Macrobiotus reinhardti sp. nov. – processes and surfaces of eggs; note arrow on fig. 42 indicates a pore in the basal portion of process, arrow on fig. 43 indicates wrinkled surface between processes and arrow on fig. 44 indicates smaller pore in the surface between processes. (SEM)

FIGURES 45 – 50 in A description of the new tardigrade Macrobiotus reinhardti (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae, harmsworthi group) with some remarks on the oral cavity armature within the genus Macrobiotus Schultze

FIGURES 45 – 50. Macrobiotus reinhardti sp. nov. – intentionally damaged egg; 45 – general view, 46 48 – the sequence of closer views of the internal structure of processes; 49 – single process; 50 – torn wall of process; arrows on figs 48 – 49 indicate pores in the internal wall of processes, arrows on fig. 50 indicate external and internal walls of process. (SEM)

FIGURES 18 – 19 in A description of the new tardigrade Macrobiotus reinhardti (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae, harmsworthi group) with some remarks on the oral cavity armature within the genus Macrobiotus Schultze

FIGURES 18 – 19. Macrobiotus reinhardti sp. nov. – hind legs; 18 – dorsal view, note fine granulation on the legs; 19 – ventral view, note larger lunules on the internal claws (paratypes). (SEM)

FIGURES 30 – 31 in A description of the new tardigrade Macrobiotus reinhardti (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae, harmsworthi group) with some remarks on the oral cavity armature within the genus Macrobiotus Schultze

FIGURES 30 – 31. Macrobiotus reinhardti sp. nov. – process on the circumference of egg; 30 – surface, 31 – middle section (DIC).

FIGURES 25 – 29 in A description of the new tardigrade Macrobiotus reinhardti (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae, harmsworthi group) with some remarks on the oral cavity armature within the genus Macrobiotus Schultze

FIGURES 25 – 29. Macrobiotus reinhardti sp. nov. 25 – 27 – surfaces of eggs; 28 – middle section of egg (note the embryo inside); 29 – the first instar hatching. (DIC)

FIGURES 8 – 16 in A description of the new tardigrade Macrobiotus reinhardti (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae, harmsworthi group) with some remarks on the oral cavity armature within the genus Macrobiotus Schultze

FIGURES 8 – 16. Macrobiotus reinhardti sp. nov. 8 11 – sequential sections of buccal apparatus (from ventral to dorsal view); 12 16 – sequential sections of the oral cavity (from ventral to dorsal view), arrows indicate bands of teeth (paratype). (DIC)

FIGURES 2 – 3 in A description of the new tardigrade Macrobiotus reinhardti (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae, harmsworthi group) with some remarks on the oral cavity armature within the genus Macrobiotus Schultze

FIGURES 2 – 3. Macrobiotus reinhardti sp. nov. – habitus; 2 – ventral view, 3 – middle section view (paratype). (DIC)

opencc-zeroDec 2002View details →

FIGURES 1 5 in Echiniscus barbarae, a new species of tardigrade from Cuba Island (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada, Echiniscidae, ‘ arctomys group’)

FIGURES 1 5. Echiniscus barbarae sp. nov. 1, Scanning electron micrograph, dorsal view (a paratype); 2, Phase contrast micrograph, dorsal view (a paratype); 3 5, Holotype: 3, Dorsolateral view; 4, External claw of IV pair of legs; 5, Internal claw of IV pair of legs (3 5 drawn from phase contrast microscope).

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

FIGURES 13 – 18 in Re-description of the Arctic tardigrade Tenuibiotus voronkovi (Tumanov, 2007) (Eutardigrada; Macrobiotidea), with the first molecular data for the genus

FIGURES 13 – 18. Tenuibiotus voronkovi — egg process details, different shape of processes seen in PCM.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

FIGURES 3 – 6 in Re-description of the Arctic tardigrade Tenuibiotus voronkovi (Tumanov, 2007) (Eutardigrada; Macrobiotidea), with the first molecular data for the genus

FIGURES 3 – 6. Tenuibiotus voronkovi — buccal apparatus: 3 — buccal apparatus, dorso-ventral projection (PCM); 4 — ventral view of the buccal armature, arrowhead indicate row of teeth (PCM); 5 — buccal apparatus, dorso-ventral projection (DIC); 4 — dorsal view of the buccal armature, arrowhead indicate single teeth (PCM).