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89 results for “terrestrial vertebrates”
Climate change scenarios forecast increased drought exposure for terrestrial vertebrates in the contiguous United States
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Macroecological correlates of Darwinian shortfalls across terrestrial vertebrates
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Data for: Exposure and sensitivity of terrestrial vertebrates to biological invasions worldwide
<div> <p><em><strong>All details on the dataset are provided in the README. Details on the methods are in the Supplementary Material of the associated paper.</strong></em></p> <p>This dataset is the product of data complilation for the article <strong>Exposure and sensitivity of terrestrial vertebrates to biological invasions worldwide</strong>. It comprises, at a global scale for 110km grid cells:</p> <ul> <li>the exposure to the threat of biological invasions for 304 invasive alien species (3 exposure metrics with 3 alternative normalization methods)</li> <li>the sensitivity of birds, mammals, and reptiles to this threat (1 sensitivity metric with 3 alternative normalization methods)</li> <li>the data completeness associated with exposure and sensitivity, calculated with 2 components for each metric</li> </ul> <p>All the column details are provided in the "Metadata" sheet of each excel file. We also provide the shapefile of land cell units to allow for a full reproduction of the analyses and the maps.</p> <p>Additionally, we provide the sources to access the raw data used to derive the metrics for invasive alien species. </p> </div>
Result data from "Relative effects of land conversion and land-use intensity on terrestrial vertebrate diversity"
<p>These tif files contain the raw results of the publication "Relative effects of land conversion and land-use intensity on terrestrial vertebrate diversity", i.e. the raw data used to create the species richness loss maps shown in the main text and Supplementary Information of the publication. Please cite the publication when using these data.</p>
More than just meat: Carcass decomposition shapes trophic identities in a terrestrial vertebrate
<p>Most food web models fail to account for the full complexity of interactions within a community, particularly where microbes are involved. Carcasses are microbe-rich resources and may represent a common nexus for the macro- and microbiome, effectively uniting autotrophs, consumers, predators, and microbiota.</p> <p>We evaluated the role of carcasses as multitrophic resources and explored dietary partitioning for a sexually dimorphic obligate scavenger known for its hierarchical social system. This study was set in a well-studied community of camelids (<em>Vicugna vicugna, Lama guanicoe</em>), pumas (<em>Puma concolor</em>), and Andean condors (<em>Vultur gryphus</em>) in the Andes. We hypothesized that condors, by feeding on trophically distinct dietary substrates within any given carcass, would have highly variable trophic position (TP) values. Further, we expected that the microbial consumers within the carcass would inflate TP values in both, the carrion and the condors. Thus, we expected that the trophic heterogeneity within a carcass could facilitate sex-based dietary partitioning in condors.</p> <p>We used a multifaceted approach to assess the foraging of Andean condors, using regurgitated pellet and, bulk isotopic analyses, and also quantified the TP of the entire community of graminoids, camelids, camelid carrion, pumas, and female and male condors employing compound-specific stable isotopes analysis of amino-acids.</p> <p>Our analysis of condor pellets and bulk isotopes revealed non-trivial plant consumption, close to 10% of condor diet. Isotope analysis of amino-acids revealed that condors had highly variable TPs (2.9±0.3) compared to pumas (3.0±0.0) and camelids (2.0±0.1), likely representing "trophic omnivory", wherein the condors consume plants (TP=1.0±0.1) and microbe-colonized carrion (2.3±0.1). Female condors exhibited a TP (2.8±0.2) lower than strict carnivory, suggesting that they consume more plant biomass in a carcass, while males (TP=3.1±0.3) are likely consuming more of the microbe-rich animal tissue.</p> <p>Our study highlights that carcasses represent a trophically heterogeneous resource, and that vertebrate scavengers can feed across trophic groups within the carcass, from autotrophs to secondary consumers, and from both the macro- and microbiome. Thus, integration of microbes in macroecological contexts can help to resolve trophic identity, and better characterize the importance of microbes in detritivorous and omnivorous species.</p>
Dataset used for analyzing the critical area thresholds for undergoing rapid increases of established non-native terrestrial vertebrates in global islands
<p>Biological invasions are among the threats to global biodiversity and social sustainability, especially on islands. Identifying the threshold of area at which non-native species begin to increase abruptly is crucial for the early prevention strategies. The small-island effect (SIE) was proposed to quantify the nonlinear relationship between native species richness and area but has not yet been applied to non-native species and thus to predict the key breakpoints at which established non-native species start to increase rapidly. Here, based on the extensive global dataset including 769 non-native bird, mammal, amphibian, and reptile species established on 4,277 islands across 54 archipelagos, we detected a high prevalence of SIEs across 66.7% of archipelagos, and approximately 50% of islands have reached the threshold area and thus may be undergoing a rapid increase of biological invasions. SIEs were more likely to occur in those archipelagos with more non-native species introduction events, more established historical non-native species, lower habitat diversity and larger archipelago area range. Our findings may have important implications not only for targeted surveillance of biological invasions on global islands but also for predicting the responses of both non-native and native species to ongoing habitat fragmentation under sustained land-use modification and climate change.</p>
Figure 10 in Thermal physiology and the origin of terrestriality in vertebrates
Figure 10. Modes of heat gain and loss for a basking lizard (from Pianka & Vitt, 2003).
Figure 8 in Thermal physiology and the origin of terrestriality in vertebrates
Figure 8. Dorsal view of the skeleton of Acanthostega (from Coates, 1996).
Size-driven preservational and macroecological biases in the latest Maastrichtian terrestrial vertebrate assemblages of North America
<p>The end-Cretaceous (K/Pg) mass-extinction event is the most recent and well-understood of the "Big Five" and triggered establishment of modern terrestrial ecosystem structure. Despite the depth of research into this event, our knowledge of upper Maastrichtian terrestrial deposits globally relies primarily on assemblage-level data limited to a few well-sampled formations in North America, the Hell Creek and Lance formations. These assemblages disproportionally affect our interpretations of this important interval. Multiple investigations have quantified diversity patterns within these assemblages, but the potential effect of formation-level size-dependent taphonomic biases and their implications on extinction dynamics remains unexplored. Here, the relationship between taphonomy and body size of the Hell Creek and Lance formation dinosaurs and mammals are quantitatively analyzed. Small-bodied dinosaur taxa (< 70 kg) are consistently less complete, unlikely to be articulated, and delayed in their description relative to their large-bodied counterparts. Family-level abundance (particularly skeletons) is strongly tied to body mass, and the relative abundance of juveniles of large-bodied taxa similarly is underrepresented. Mammals show similar but non significant trends. The results are remarkably similar to those from the Campanian-aged Dinosaur Park Formation, suggesting a widespread strong taphonomic bias against the preservation of small taxa, which will result in their seemingly depauperate diversity within the assemblage. This taphonomically skewed view of diversity and abundance of small-bodied taxa amidst our best late Maastrichtian samples has significant implications for understanding speciation and extinction dynamics (e.g., size-dependent extinction selectivity) across the K/Pg Boundary.</p>
Data for: Geographic isolation reduces genetic diversity of a wide-ranging terrestrial vertebrate, Canis lupus
<p>Genetic diversity is theorized to decrease in populations closer to a species' range edge, where habitat may be suboptimal. However, generalist species capable of long-range dispersal may maintain sufficient gene flow to counteract this, though the presence of significant barriers to dispersal (e.g., large water bodies, human-dominated landscapes) may still lead to, and exacerbate, the edge effect. We used microsatellite data for 2,426 gray wolves (<em>Canis</em> <em>lupus</em>) from 24 sub-populations (groups) to model how allelic richness and expected heterozygosity varied with two measures of range edge (mainland-island position, latitude, and distance from range center) across >7.3 million km<sup>2</sup> of northern North America. We found that allelic richness and expected heterozygosity of island groups was measurably less than that of mainland groups and that these differences increased with the island's distance to the species' range center in the study area. Our results demonstrate how multiple axes of geographic isolation (distance from range center and island habitation) can act synergistically to erode the genetic diversity of wide-ranging terrestrial vertebrate populations despite the counteracting influence of long-range dispersal ability. These findings emphasize how geographic isolation is a potential threat to the genetic diversity and viability of terrestrial vertebrate populations even among species capable of long-range dispersal. </p> <p>This dataset is comprised of four separate sub-datasets, sourced from Carmichael et al. (2007), Musiani et al. (2007), McNay (2006), and a manuscript in progress (referred to as "MacNulty" in the data files, to be first published in Frevol et al. 2023). The raw data are comprised of sample IDs, latitude and longitude points indicating where the sample was collected or recorded, and microsatellite genetic information. To aid in re-use, the raw genetic data has also been formatted and presented for use with common population genetics software (Genepop, MICROCHECKER, Genetix, FSTAT). The dataset also includes spatial data files of the sub-populations described in the study, allelic richness and expected heterozygosity data derived from the raw and spatial data, and the R script used to create the models. </p> <ul> <li>Carmichael LE, Krizan J, Nagy JA, et al (2007) Historical and ecological determinants of genetic structure in arctic canids. Molecular Ecology 16:3466–3483. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03381.x</li> <li>McNay ME (2006) Preliminary results of parentage analysis using microsatellite markers from an exploited wolf population in central Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Juneau, Alaska</li> <li>Musiani M, Leonard JA, Cluff HD, et al (2007) Differentiation of tundra/taiga and boreal coniferous forest wolves: genetics, coat colour and association with migratory caribou. Molecular Ecology 16:4149–4170. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03458.x</li> </ul>
Datasets of eponyms for South American plants and Mozambican terrestrial vertebrates
<p>Two datasets containing information on the Eponyms of South American plants and Mozambique's terrestrial vertebrates.</p>
Effects of land use and climate change on functional and phylogenetic diversity of terrestrial vertebrates in a Himalayan biodiversity hotspot
<p>Aim: Land use and climate change interact to impact functional and phylogenetic diversity globally, but this pattern is largely unknown in the eastern Himalayas. We aim to discern the response of community diversity and structure of terrestrial mammals and birds to anthropogenic land use and climate change in this hitherto understudied landscape. Location: Himalayan biodiversity hotspot, Bhutan</p> <p>Methods: We used camera trap and point-count transect data to estimate taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity while accounting for detectability. We calculated the abundance-weighted standardised effect sizes (ses) of mean pairwise distance and mean nearest taxon distance. The ses metrics were regressed against land use (agriculture and forest) and climate (temperature and precipitation) variables using linear mixed effect models.</p> <p>Results: Community diversity declined with agriculture in both groups. Mammal diversity was higher farther from the settlement but birds remained indifferent. Temperature and precipitation were positively associated with mammal diversity, but birds displayed a mixed response: negative with temperature and positive with precipitation. Agriculture had a strong negative effect on the functional structure of birds but not mammals. The functional and phylogenetic structure declined farther from the settlement for mammals but increased for birds. Except for the functional structure, all other metrics increased with temperature and precipitation for mammals. Except for the positive relationship between functional structure and temperature, other metrics showed a mixed response to climate in birds. </p> <p>Main conclusions: Our findings provide evidence that land use rather than climate has an imminent effect in shaping local and regional patterns of terrestrial vertebrate diversity in a Himalayan biodiversity hotspot. Climate effects, although weak, may reduce functional traits and consequently diminish functional roles. Species that can persist in human-modified environments are clustered within a phylogeny, suggesting possible loss of phylogenetic diversity.</p>
Data from: Paleoenvironments shaped the exchange of terrestrial vertebrates across Wallace's Line
<p><span>Faunal turnover in Indo-Australia across Wallace's Line is one of the most recognizable patterns in biogeography and has catalyzed debate about the role of evolutionary and geoclimatic history in biotic interchanges. Here, analysis of over 20,000 vertebrate species with a model of geoclimate and biological diversification shows that broad precipitation tolerance and dispersal ability were key for exchange across the deep-time precipitation gradient spanning the region. Sundanian (Southeast Asian) lineages evolved in a climate similar to the humid 'stepping stones' of Wallacea, facilitating colonization of the Sahulian (Australian) continental shelf. In contrast, Sahulian lineages predominantly evolved in drier conditions, hampering establishment in Sunda, and shaping faunal distinctiveness. We demonstrate how the history of adaptation to past environmental conditions shapes asymmetrical colonization and global biogeographic structure. </span><span>Faunal turnover in Indo-Australia across Wallace's Line is one of the most recognizable patterns in biogeography and has catalyzed debate about the role of evolutionary and geoclimatic history in biotic interchanges. Here, analysis of over 20,000 vertebrate species with a model of geoclimate and biological diversification shows that broad precipitation tolerance and dispersal ability were key for exchange across the deep-time precipitation gradient spanning the region. Sundanian (Southeast Asian) lineages evolved in a climate similar to the humid 'stepping stones' of Wallacea, facilitating colonization of the Sahulian (Australian) continental shelf. In contrast, Sahulian lineages predominantly evolved in drier conditions, hampering establishment in Sunda, and shaping faunal distinctiveness. We demonstrate how the history of adaptation to past environmental conditions shapes asymmetrical colonization and global biogeographic structure.</span></p>
Data from: Paleoenvironments shaped the exchange of terrestrial vertebrates across Wallace’s Line
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Dataset used for analyzing the critical area thresholds for undergoing rapid increases of established non-native terrestrial vertebrates in global islands
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Airborne DNA and spider webs outperform other eDNA sources for monitoring terrestrial vertebrates
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Effects of land use and climate change on functional and phylogenetic diversity of terrestrial vertebrates in a Himalayan biodiversity hotspot
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Size-driven preservational and macroecological biases in the latest Maastrichtian terrestrial vertebrate assemblages of North America
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Variable strength of predator-mediated effects on species occurrence in an arctic terrestrial vertebrate community
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Data from: Geological and climatic histories likely shaped the origins of terrestrial vertebrates endemic to the Tibetan Plateau
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.