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40 results for “the science world”
Topic Prominence in Science: World, Brazil and Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP - July 2018
<p>Levantamento realizado na Plataforma <a href="http://www.scival.com/">SciVal</a> (Elsevier) entre os dias 29 de junho e 02 de julho de 2018, com dados da base Scopus atualizados até 08 de junho de 2018 revela os principais tópicos proeminentes na ciência que estão despertando o interesse de pesquisadores, instituições de pesquisa e órgãos de financiamento. São os Tópicos Proeminentes em Ciência (em inglês <em>Prominent Topics in Science</em>). </p> <p>DUDZIAK, E.A. DUDZIAK, E.A.<strong> Interesse mundial e a produção científica do Brasil e da USP: </strong>proeminência de tópicos na ciência - um estudo usando o SciVal. São Paulo: SIBiUSP, 2018. Disponível em:< > Acesso em: 02 Jul. 2018. </p> <p>A survey carried out on the SciVal Platform (Elsevier) between June 29 and July 2, 2018, with Scopus base data updated until June 8, 2018 reveals the main prominent topics in science that are arousing the interest of researchers, institutions research and funding bodies. These are Prominent Topics in Science.</p> <p>DUDZIAK, E.A. <strong>Global interest and academic production in Brazil and USP</strong>: topic prominence in science - a study using SciVal . Sao Paulo: SIBiUSP, 2018. Disponível em: <http://www.sibi.usp.br/?p=24517> Acesso em: 02 July 2018. </p> <p> </p>
Doing It Together Science - the World needs more Citizen Science
<p>Involving citizens in research and innovation programs is crucial in shaping our future. With the project Doing It Together Science we try to engage as many people as possible in Citizen Science. By combining expertise and resources we can come to innovative solutions grounded in society. This video provides an introduction to the project and was publicly shown at the DITOs final event (pan-European policy forum) on 4th April 2019 at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels.</p>
Understanding trophic interactions in a warming world by bridging foraging ecology and biomechanics with network science
<p><strong><em><span>Background</span></em></strong></p> <p><span>Leaf-cutter ants (<em>Atta</em> spp. and <em>Acromyrmex </em>spp.) are the principal insect pest and a major ecosystem engineer throughout the Neotropics (Leal et al., 2014; Wirth et al., 2003). They harvest plant matter in the surroundings of their colonies to grow a fungus as crop, and in doing so they cut plant matter on an almost industrial scale: about 15 % of the foliar biomass in the Neotropics, or about every sixth leaf, is consumed by leaf-cutter ant colonies (Costa et al., 2008; Fowler et al., 1989; Herz et al., 2007; Wirth et al., 2003), and more than half of all woody species are attacked by them (Cherrett, 1968; Rockwood, 1976). Leaf-cutter ants are perhaps the most voracious and polyphagous herbivorous insects (Lugo et al., 1973; Wirth et al., 2003), and their foraging activity is affected by a variety of environmental conditions, including wind (Alma et al., 2016b), precipitation (Steadman et al., 2020) and barometric pressure (Sujimoto et al., 2020), all of which will be subject to variation due to climate change. </span></p> <p><span>Although leaf-cutter foraging is clearly a complex, multi-factorial behaviour, it has at its core a biomechanical interaction between ant consumer and plant food resource: the force the ants can apply must exceed the force required to drag the mandible through the tissue (Püffel, Roces, et al., 2023; Püffel, Walthaus, et al., 2023). The magnitude of the available bite force is determined by worker size, and the magnitude of the minimum required cutting force is determined by structural and mechanical properties of the plant leaf; consumer and resource properties interact. This mechanical competition has resulted in extraordinary adaptations in both the anatomy and physiology of the leaf-cutter ant bite apparatus: their disproportionately large heads are filled to the rim with optimally packed mandible closer muscles (Püffel et al., 2021). Both their muscle stress and size-specific bite forces are among the highest measured for any animal (Püffel, Johnston, et al., 2023; Püffel, Roces, et al., 2023), and their mandibles are close to “ideally sharp” (Püffel, Walthaus, et al., 2023). As a result, the vast majority of worker sizes can cut the majority of tropical leafs; without these adaptations, and a bite performance commensurate with their body size, only the largest workers would be able to perform this crucial mechanical task (Püffel, Roces, et al., 2023). How will a warming climate affect resource accessibility for the leaf-cutters?</span></p> <p><span>Temperature increases have various implications for the trophic interactions of ants, including altered search behaviour <span>(Frizzi, 2018),</span> and foraging site selection (Spicer et al., 2017; Traniello et al., 1984). An increase in average temperatures can also drive body size decreases in insects (Tseng et al., 2018), including ants (Molet et al., 2017)<a href="https://www.zotero.org/google-docs/?broken=QmLD4C"><span>,</span></a> concomitantly reducing their available bite force (Püffel, Roces, et al., 2023; Rühr et al., 2022). Since leaf-cutter mandibles are so sharp that they already cut with a force close to the minimum dictated by cutting mechanics, the force required to cut leaves will likely be unaffected (Püffel, Walthaus, et al., 2023), and any change in body size will therefore only significantly impact bite forces. Because the relationship between bite forces and body size in the leaf-cutter is well understood mechanistically (Püffel, Roces, et al., 2023), it is possible to predict how these changes will impact trophic networks. A very rough estimate of the change in network structure serves to illustrate how network science can integrate biomechanics and foraging ecology to study the effect of climate change on trophic interactions. </span></p> <p><span>To demonstrate the potential of network science to integrate biomechanical and foraging data within the context of climate change, we constructed and analysed hypothetical plant-ant networks across six hypothetical temperatures. </span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong><em><span>Datasets and methods</span></em></strong></p> <p><span>All analysis was performed in R version 4.3.1 (R Core Team, 2023), and data processed reproducibly via the ‘tidyverse’ package (Wickham et al., 2019). We compiled two datasets and some additional contextual information. Leaf-cutter ant biomass (a proxy for body size) and bite force data were taken from <span>Püffel et al. (2023)</span> for 248 individual ants across three colonies. Required cutting forces for 1197 individual plants representing 868 taxa available to leaf-cutter ants were taken from <span>Onoda et al. (2011)</span>. Insect temperature-body size relationships were taken from <span>Tseng et al. (2018)</span>; specifically, a body size decrease of 1.56 % per degree Celsius increase for museum specimens, to represent gradual long-term change. Based on these data, edgelists (i.e., pairwise lists of consumers and resources) were generated for ants and plants in which binary interaction weights were applied; where bite forces exceeded the force required to cut leaves, a weighting of 1 was given, and 0 otherwise. This edgelist was then replicated for incremental increases of 1 °C up to a 5 °C increase by adjusting bite forces based on incremental body size decreases of 1.56 %. In order to estimate the change of bite force with body mass, we used direct bite force measurements from Püffel et al. (2023), which suggest that maximum bite force in <em>Atta vollenweideri</em> varies with body mass <em>m</em> as <em>T ~ m^0.9</em>. Thus, if body size decreases by a factor of 0.9844 (i.e., 1.56 % decrease) with every degree Celsius temperature increase, then the maximum bite force decreases by a factor of 0.9844<em><sup>0.9</sup></em>. Consequently, adjusted bite forces were calculated, and new binary edgelist weightings generated based on whether the adjusted bite force was greater than the required cutting force.</span></p> <p><span>Bipartite networks were constructed with consumer nodes and resource nodes representing the three ant colonies and the 868 plant taxa, respectively. All six networks were visualised using ‘ggnetwork’ (Briatte, 2021) via ‘igraph’ (Csardi & Nepusz, 2006) in a single network diagram to highlight persistence of links across temperatures using scaled red colours. Network metrics, specifically consumer degree (the number of plants ants were deemed able to interact with) and generality (the total range of plants accessible across all ants), were generated via the ‘bipartite’ package (Dormann et al., 2008) and visually compared via ‘ggplot2’ (Wickham, 2016).</span></p>
MULTIPLIERS project: Making school science relevant to real-world challenges
<p>MULTIPLIERS promotes Open Schooling across Europe, a new way to learn that makes science more meaningful and directly relevant to everyday life & real-world challenges.</p> <p>Find out more at: https://multipliers-project.org/</p> <p>Follow MULTIPLIERS on Twitter: https://twitter.com/MULTIPLIERS_</p> <p>Follow MULTIPLIERS on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/multipliers_project/</p> <p>This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No. 101006255.</p>
SOCIO WORLD SOCIAL RESEARCH & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
<p>SOCIO WORLD SOCIAL RESEARCH & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES</p>
SOCIO WORLD SOCIAL RESEARCH & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
<p>SOCIO WORLD SOCIAL RESEARCH & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES</p>
SOCIO WORLD SOCIAL RESEARCH & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
<h1>SOCIO WORLD SOCIAL RESEARCH & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES</h1>
SOCIO WORLD SOCIAL RESEARCH & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
<h1>SOCIO WORLD SOCIAL RESEARCH & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES</h1>
Figs 26–31. 26–28. Ellipolampis lateralis Motschulsky, 1854a in New world lampyrid types at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Figs 26–31. 26–28. Ellipolampis lateralis Motschulsky, 1854a, holotype, ♂. 26. Habitus, dorsal view. 27. Habitus, ventral view.28. Labels.29–31. Ellipolampis limbellaMotschulsky, 1854a, paralectotype, ♂. 29. Habitus, dorsal view. 30. Habitus, ventral view. 31. Labels.
Supplementary material 1 from: Belousov IA, Kabak II (2021) Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov., the world's most high-altitude hypogean trechine beetle from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 197-220. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572
Table S1
Figures 2-6 from: Belousov IA, Kabak II (2021) Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov., the world's most high-altitude hypogean trechine beetle from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 197-220. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572
Figures 2-6 Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. 2 forebody 3 right mandible 4–6 microsculpture: 4 occiput 5 disc of pronotum 6 disc of elytra near suture.
Figure 9 from: Belousov IA, Kabak II (2021) Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov., the world's most high-altitude hypogean trechine beetle from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 197-220. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572
Figure 9 Male genitalia of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. A lateral view (holotype) B dorsal view (paratype).
Map 2 from: Belousov IA, Kabak II (2021) Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov., the world's most high-altitude hypogean trechine beetle from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 197-220. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572
Map 2 Relief map of the area nearby the type locality of Y. erwini gen. et sp. nov. The yellow line shows the closest distance to the upper forest limit
Figure 11 from: Belousov IA, Kabak II (2021) Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov., the world's most high-altitude hypogean trechine beetle from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 197-220. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572
Figure 11 Fir forest near collecting site of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov.
Figures 7- 8 from: Belousov IA, Kabak II (2021) Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov., the world's most high-altitude hypogean trechine beetle from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 197-220. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572
Figures 7- 8 Chaetotaxy of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. 7 holotype 8 paratype.
Figure 1 from: Belousov IA, Kabak II (2021) Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov., the world's most high-altitude hypogean trechine beetle from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 197-220. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572
Figure 1 Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov., holotype, habitus.
Map 1 from: Belousov IA, Kabak II (2021) Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov., the world's most high-altitude hypogean trechine beetle from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 197-220. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572
Map 1 Type locality of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. (yellow pushpin).
Figure 10 from: Belousov IA, Kabak II (2021) Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov., the world's most high-altitude hypogean trechine beetle from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 197-220. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572
Figure 10 Typical biotope of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov.
Proof-of-Science, Prospective, Interventional, Three-arm, Double-Blind, Randomized, Safety and Efficacy Real World Evidence Study.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06552039. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
Data used for Web of Science World Conservation Publication Index 1993 - 2016 | Biodiversity Publication Bias Compromises Setting Conservation Priorities
<p>Data used for Web of Science World Conservation Publication Index 1993 - 2016, see https://github.com/raffael-hickisch/rwosconsindex</p>
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OpenNeuro
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