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Figure 5. Macraspis morio Burmeister, 1844 in Description of the third instar larva and pupa of Macraspis morio Burmeister, 1844 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) from Southern Brazil

Figure 5. Macraspis morio Burmeister, 1844; third instar larva. (A) left mandible, ventral view; (B) right mandible, ventral view; (C) right mandible, dorsal view; (D) left mandible, dorsal view.BTA = brustia; CLX = calx; MLR = molar lobe; S1-S3 = incisor teeth; STA = stridulatory area; VSC = ventral setal comb. Scale = 1 mm.

Figure 4. Macraspis morio Burmeister, 1844 in Description of the third instar larva and pupa of Macraspis morio Burmeister, 1844 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) from Southern Brazil

Figure 4. Macraspis morio Burmeister, 1844; third instar larva. (A) labrum, dorsal view; (B) epipharynx, ventral view. ACP = acroparia; ALS = anterolabral setae; CTP = chaetoparia; DXT = dexiotorma; GMP = gymnoparia; HTL = haptolachus; HTM = haptomerum; LAP = left acanthoparia; LLS = laterolabral setae; LTM = laeotorma; MLS = mediolabral seta; PLS = posterolabral setae; PTM = pterotorma; RAP = right acanthoparia. Scale = 1 mm.

Figure 3. Macraspis morio Burmeister, 1844 in Description of the third instar larva and pupa of Macraspis morio Burmeister, 1844 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) from Southern Brazil

Figure 3. Macraspis morio Burmeister, 1844; third-instar larva, head, frontal view. AAS = anterofrontal angle setae; AES = anteroepicranial setae; ALS = anterolabral setae; DES = dorsoepicranial setae; ECS = externoclypeal setae; EES = externoepicranial setae; EFS = externofronal setae; LLS = laterolabral setae; MLS = mediolabral setae; PES = posteroepicranial setae;PFS = posterofrontal setae; PLS = posterolabral setae;SPT = dorsal sensorial spots; STM = stemma. Scale = 1 mm.

Figure 2. Macraspis morio Burmeister, 1844 in Description of the third instar larva and pupa of Macraspis morio Burmeister, 1844 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) from Southern Brazil

Figure 2. Macraspis morio Burmeister, 1844; third instar larva. (A) Lateral view; (B) right legs; inner view. PRL = protibiotarsus; MSL = mesotibiotarsus; MTL = metatibiotarsus; TRS = pretarsus. Scale = 1 mm.

Figure 8. Macraspis morio Burmeister, 1844 in Description of the third instar larva and pupa of Macraspis morio Burmeister, 1844 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) from Southern Brazil

Figure 8. Macraspis morio Burmeister, 1844; female pupa; (A) dorsal view; (B) ventral view. Scale = 1 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2017View details →

Fig. 1 in Micromorphology of egg and larva of Eristalis fratercula, with an updated key of Eristalis species with known third instar larvae (Diptera: Syrphidae)

Fig. 1. Eristalis fratercula (Zetterstedt, 1838), surface of the egg with star-shaped pattern.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2019View details →

Neotropical leaf-litter beetle genus Motonerus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae): new species, distribution data and description of third instar larva

Numerous new material of the genus Motonerus Hansen, 1989 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae) was examined over the past decade, resulting in the discovery of several undescribed species as well as new distributional records for most of the previously described species. Three species are here described as new: Motonerus explanatus sp. nov. (Panama), M. inca sp. nov. (Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia) and M. sofiae sp. nov. (Peru). New country records are provided for M. depressus Fikáček & Short (new for Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia), M. hanseni Fikáček & Short (new for Panama) and M. problematicus Fikáček & Short (new for Panama). An updated identification key and distributional maps are provided for all species, along with complete occurrence data in a DarwinCore formatted file. Potential distribution of the genus is modelled using the maximum entropy approach. Wing morphology is examined in detail, which revealed most species are macropterous, with M. andersoni Fikáček & Short being brachypterous, and M. apterus Fikáček & Short, M. oosternoides Fikáček & Short and M. explanatus sp. nov. micropterous. The third instar of the putative larva of M. obscurus Hansen is briefly described based on larvae collected in association with adults.

FIGURE 2. Podischnus agenor third-instar larva. a in Larval and pupal descriptions for the genera Podischnus and Heterogomphus (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Oryctini)

FIGURE 2. Podischnus agenor third-instar larva. a. larva, lateral view; b. head; c. dorsal view of antennomere 4; d. ventral view of antennomere 4; e. epipharynx; f. maxilla; g. maxillar unci; h. maxillar stridulatory area; i. hypopharynx; j. right mandible, ventral view; k. right mandible, dorsal view; l. left mandible, dorsal view; m. left mandible, ventral view; n. respiratory plate; o. respiratory plate holes; p. tarsal claw.

FIGURE 5. Heterogomphus dilaticollis third-instar larva. a in Larval and pupal descriptions for the genera Podischnus and Heterogomphus (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Oryctini)

FIGURE 5. Heterogomphus dilaticollis third-instar larva. a. larva, lateral view; b. head; c. dorsal view of antennomere 4; d. ventral view of antennomere 4; e. epipharynx; f. maxilla; g. maxillar unci; h. maxillar stridulatory area; i. hypopharynx; j. right mandible, ventral view; k. right mandible, dorsal view; l. left mandible, dorsal view; m. left mandible, ventral view; n. respiratory plate; o. respiratory plate holes; p. tarsal claw.

FIGURE 87 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURE 87. Diagrammatic female genitalia showing the homologous structures used to unite different types of female genitalia in Aesalinae. Abbreviations: mo, median oviduct; bd, bursal duct; s, spermatheca; sd, spermathecal duct; sg, spermathecal gland; ip(1), intersection part (part 1); bsp(2), basal spermathecal part (part 2); bbp(3), basal bursal part (part 3); tp(4), terminal bursal part (part 4).

FIGURES 62–67 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 62–67. Third instar larval habitus of Aesalus zhejiangensis before being disarticulated and cleaned. 62—larva straightened in dorsal view; 63—larva straightened in ventral view; 64—larva slightly straightened in lateral view; 65—tenth abdominal segment and anal sclerite in dorsal view to show tergite ten and the three lobes surrounding the anal opening; 66—tenth abdominal segment and anal sclerite in ventral view to show sternite ten (raster absent) and two lateral lobes; 67—head in anterior view. Scale bars 1 mm for 62–66, and none for 67.

FIGURE 61 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURE 61. Distribution of Aesalini species in China and its surrounding areas. Abbreviations: U, Aesalus ulanowskii; SC, Aesalus scarabaeoides; S, Aesalus saburoi; H, Aesalus himalayicus; ST, Aesalus satoi; SI, Aesalus sichuanensis; E, Echinoaesalus species; Z, Aesalus zhejiangensis; I, Aesalus imanishii; A, Aesalus asiaticus. Arrows point to distributional records outside the range of the map.

FIGURES 1–8 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 1–8. Aesalus zhejiangensis, habitus and details. 1—dorsal view, male holotype; 2—ventral view, male holotype; 3—lateral view, male holotype; 4—head in dorsal view to show canthus, anterior margin, mandibles, labrum; 5—vestiture of pronotum and elytra around scutellum to show comparative size of punctures; 6—microstructure of elytra under stereoscope to show position and distribution of bristles, tubercles, and tomenta on vestiture; 7—stick-like bristles; 8—microstructure of elytra under 400x microscope to show polygonally sculpturing of pit and pores. Scale bars 1 mm for 1–3, 0.4 mm for 4, 0.5 mm for 5, 0.2 mm for 6, 0.02 mm for 7–8. Abbreviations: m, male; f, female; tu, tubercles; b, bristles; t, tomenta; p, pores; ps, polygonally sculpturing.

FIGURES 33–51 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 33–51. Last abdominal tergite and ventrite and male genitalia of Aesalus zhejiangensis. 33—last abdominal tergite of male in dorsal view; 34—last abdominal tergite of female in dorsal view; 35—last abdominal ventrite of male in ventral view; 36—last abdominal ventrite of female in ventral view; 37—ninth abdominal segment of male paratype one; 38—ninth abdominal segment of male paratype two; 39—ninth abdominal segment of male paratype three; 40—penis and internal sac of male paratype one in dorsolateral view to show accessory bursa projected backwards; 41—penis and internal sac of male paratype two in dorsolateral view; 42—penis and internal sac of male paratype one in ventral view; 43—penis and internal sac of male paratype one in lateral view; 44—penis of male paratype three in right lateral view; 45—penis of male paratype three in dorsolateral view; 46—penis of male paratype three in dorsal view; 47—penis of male paratype three in left lateral view; 48—penis of male paratype three in ventrolateral view; 49—penis of male paratype three in ventral view; 50—penis of male paratype one in left lateral view; 51—penis of male paratype two in left lateral view. Scale bars 0.4 mm for all. Abbreviation: TP, tip of paramere.

FIGURES 77–86 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 77–86. Third instar larval morphology of Aesalus zhejiangensis. 77—epipharynx, clypeus, and anterior portion of head; 78—prothorax and fore leg in right lateral view; 79—maxilla in mesal view to show the bidentate apex of lacinia; 80—mouthpart in dorsal view; 81—left mandible in dorsal view; 82—left mandible in mesal view; 83—left mandible in ventral view; 84—right mandible in dorsal view; 85—right mandible in mesal view; 86—right mandible in ventral view. Scale bars 0.2 mm for 81–86. Abbreviations: ss, sensory spot; st, seta; ex, epipharynx; c, clypeus; fc, frontoclypeal suture; fs, frontal sutures; pc, precoxale; es, episternum; ba, bidentate apex of lacinia; mp, maxillary palpus; p, palpifer; s, stipes; g, galea; l, lacinia; hy, hypopharynx; ha, hypopharyngeal armature; at, apical tooth; m, mola; it, inner tubercle; vp, ventral mandibular process.

FIGURES 68–76 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 68–76. Third instar larval morphology of Aesalus zhejiangensis. 68—right legs in ventral view in natural shape; 69—fore leg in anterior view; 70—middle leg in posterior view; 71—hind leg in anterior view; 72—right antenna in lateral view; 73 — right mesocoxa in posterior view to show pars stridens; 74—right metatrochanter in anterior view to show plectrum; 75—epipharynx in ventral view; 76—left antenna in lateral view. Scale bars none for 68, 0.2 mm for 69–73 and 75, 0.1 mm for 74 and 76. Abbreviations: ps, pars stridens; pl, plectrum; hm, haptomerum; pp, protophoba; c, chaetoparia; e, epitorma; pt, pternotorma; hl, haptolachus; n, nesium; sa, sclerotized antennifer; ba, basal antennomere; pa, penultimate antennomere; aa, apical antennomere; ss, sensory spot; sm, sensorium; a, apical sclerotized appendage.

FIGURES 52–56 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 52–56. Female genitalia of Aesalus zhejiangensis. 52—whole genitalia on dark background to show membranous structures; 53—whole genitalia on bright background to show sclerotized structures; 54—hemisternite and stylus; 55—sclerotized entrance of bursa copulatrix in lateral view; 56—sclerotized entrance of bursa copulatrix in dorsal view. Scale bars 0.4 mm for all. Abbreviations: HS, hemisternite; MO, median oviduct; BD, bursal duct; SE, sclerotized entrance of bursa copulatrix; BC, bursa copulatrix; SD, spermathecal duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermathecal gland; DAG, duct of accessory gland; AG, accessory gland; ST, stylus.

FIGURES 57–60 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 57–60. Field observations of Aesalus zhejiangensis. 57—biotope; 58—a partially brown, rotten log inhabited by Aesalus; 59—third instar larva found in brown, rotten portion of log; 60—newly emerged adult in pupal cell.

FIGURES 9–13. Aesalus zhejiangensis, details. 9 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 9–13. Aesalus zhejiangensis, details. 9—head in ventral view to show mentum, submentum, and canthus; 10—intercoxal process of prosternum in left lateral view; 11—intercoxal process of prosternum in ventral view; 12—abdominal ventrites in ventral view; 13—antenna. Scale bars 0.4 mm for 9, 0.2 mm for 10–11, 0.4 mm for 12, and 0.2 mm for 13.