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570 results for “threats”
FIG. 3 in Distribution and threat status of the liverwort Mannia triandra (Scop.) Grolle (Aytoniaceae, Marchantiophyta) in Montenegro
FIG. 3. — Distribution map of Mannia triandra (Scop.) Grolle in Montenegro. Orange dots are literature data (1965-2019), and black rings are new field data (2016-2022) given in the text.
FIG. 2 in Distribution and threat status of the liverwort Mannia triandra (Scop.) Grolle (Aytoniaceae, Marchantiophyta) in Montenegro
FIG. 2. — Microhabitat of Mannia triandra (Scop.) Grolle in a west exposed limestone rock crevice in Tuzy municipally (red arrow).
Figure 3 in Biology of jungle perch, Kuhlia rupestris, identification of threats and knowledge gaps to improve local and global management
Figure 3. – Life cycle of K. rupestris and conservation issues. Within the cycle (blue area), the solid black line corresponds to the freshwater life phase. The lower and upper grey discontinuous lines correspond to the larval marine and estuarine phases of the species respectively. Outside the cycle, in orange, the known and suspected threats on the different life phases of the species (Gelineau et al., modified, 2015).
Figure 1 in Biology of jungle perch, Kuhlia rupestris, identification of threats and knowledge gaps to improve local and global management
Figure 1. – Distribution of K. rupestris in the Indo-Pacific zone (modified from Feutry, 2012a). In dotted line, the presumed natural range of the species and in solid lines, localities with a high likelihood of occurrence or known occurrence.
Mosquitoes escape looming threats by actively steering into the bow-wave induced by the attacker
<p>To detect and escape a threat, night flying insects must rely on other senses than vision alone. Here we study how anthropophilic malaria mosquitoes can escape a swatting hand in the dark using high-speed videography and numerical simulations. We show that these night flying mosquitoes escape looming objects by using the object-induced airflow in two ways. They first actively steer into the <a>bow-wave</a><span><span> </span></span> produced by the attacker, and then passively travel with this bow-wave away from the attacker; these two aspects explain two-thirds and one-third of their escape accelerations, respectively. Thus, flying mosquitoes being attacked in the dark rely both on airflow-sensing to trigger their escape, and on attacker-induced airflow to maximize their escape performance. Similar escape strategies are probably common among small lightweight insects.</p> <div> <div> <div></div> </div> </div>
Impact of the aggregate of 11 global threats on countries
<p>The vulnerability of 134 countries to the impact of a set of the most important threats to humanity in the first half of the 21st century were assesed. Data of 2005-2022 were considered. </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Managing multiple threats: Evaluating the efficacy of broad-scale introduced predator management in improving native mammal resilience to fire
<p>Preventing further biodiversity loss requires understanding which processes threaten biodiversity and the effectiveness of management actions in mitigating them. Threatening processes can interact in complex and unexpected ways, but different threats are often managed independently. Here, we develop a conceptual model to identify the conditions needed for management of a single threat to achieve a net conservation benefit in systems with multiple interacting threats, and demonstrate its relevance in a replicated case-study experiment. In Australia, introduced red foxes (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>) and feral cats (<em>Felis catus</em>) may hunt vulnerable native mammals more effectively after fire, due to loss of understory vegetation. However, the efficacy of broad-scale control of introduced predators in improving native mammal resilience to fire has not been quantified. Moreover, many studies assessing the impacts of prescribed fire on species rely on a much smaller number of independent replicates. Using a natural before-after control-impact experiment with 14 prescribed fires, each > 200 ha, we tested whether existing landscape-scale fox baiting programs influenced the immediate effects of prescribed fire on these two introduced predators and five medium-sized native mammals, including the threatened long-nosed potoroo (<em>Potorous tridactylus</em>) and southern brown bandicoot (<em>Isoodon obesulus</em>). Fox occupancy increased across both treatments post-fire, but baiting reduced the magnitude of increase. In contrast, mean feral cat occupancy remained constant in unbaited areas post-fire, but nearly doubled in fox-controlled areas, possibly due to a mesopredator release. Existing landscape-scale fox control programs did not clearly improve the short-term resilience of native mammals to prescribed fire (at least under the current fire and fox management regimes in our study landscapes). These results likely emphasise the need to integrate fire and predator management strategies for threatened faunal conservation iIn the presence of acute disturbances such as fire, threatened native mammals may require more intensive and integrated management of fire and introduced predators, such as (e.g., through more intensive targeted predator controlbaiting around fire events, or intensive protection usingthrough natural or artificial refuges).</p>
Fig. 2 in Distribution And Threats Of Phengaris Teleius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) In Northern Serbia
Fig. 2. Distributionof Phengaristeleius insouth-easternEurope (Slovenia, Croatia, Hunga- ry, SerbiaandRomania). Thesquaresindicatethepresenceofthespeciesafter 1980 plotted
Avian botulism is a primary, year-round threat to adult survival in the endangered Hawaiian Duck (Anas wyvilliana) on Kaua'i, Hawai'i, USA
<p>Adult survival is the most important demographic parameter influencing population dynamics for many bird taxa. Thus, understanding how survival probabilities and causes of mortality vary throughout the annual cycle is critical for developing informed and effective management strategies. In this study, we used radio-telemetry data to evaluate the effects of biotic (e.g., sex, peak [September–April] vs. off-peak [May–August] nesting seasons) and abiotic factors (e.g., rainfall, year, bi-monthly interval) on adult survival, estimate annual survival probabilities, and identify primary sources of mortality for Hawaiian Ducks (<em>Anas wyvilliana</em>), an endangered, non-migratory dabbling duck, on the island of Kaua'i, Hawai'i, USA over 2013 and 2014. Additionally, we used contemporaneous Hawaiian Duck carcass recovery and surveillance data to examine temporal and climatic associations with avian botulism outbreaks. Our results suggested bi-monthly survival decreased with total rainfall during the preceding two-month interval. Survival did not vary with sex, between peak and off-peak nesting seasons, or between the two years of this study. Annual survival probabilities (62–80%) were relatively low compared to the closely related Laysan Duck (<em>Anas laysanensis</em>) on Laysan Island. Primary causes of mortality included avian botulism and presumed predation by cats (<em>Felis catus</em>). The botulism surveillance dataset revealed support for the effect of rainfall on the number of sick and dead birds recovered (<em>n</em> = 216), with generally a greater number of recoveries during months with middle-range total rainfall during the concurrent and preceding months. Our study provides critical baseline demographic data for population monitoring and highlights the importance of managing botulism risk and non-native mammalian predators for the recovery of the endangered Hawaiian Duck.</p>
Is Open Data Strategy for Covid-19 used for other global health threats? A systematic review of the literature
<p>Dataset result of the literature review run between march and may 2022 on PubMed, Cinahl, Scopus and Google Scholar about open data and growing trend in scientific research about infection risk comparing Covid-19, Anti Microbial Resistance (AMR), and Health Assistance Correlated Infections (HAIs).</p>
PCF05: fMRI data in a Pavlovian delay threat conditioning task with four visual CS with different rates of electrical US
<p>This data set includes selected functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data supplementing an article. The data include: </p> <ol> <li>Untresholded Statistical Parametric Maps (SPMs) and beta images (BOLD signal estimates) for relevant contrasts for the GLMs reported in the article</li> <li>Region-of-interest (ROI) masks: anatomical ROIs with combined hemispheres, and masks created from significant BOLD signal clusters from the whole-brain analyses</li> <li>Summary data files for mean beta (BOLD signal estimate) values and their within-subject errors for each ROI</li> <li>A compilation Excel sheet of condition-wise BOLD parameter estimates and standard errors from previous axiomatic aversive prediction error studies, and associated effect sizes as well as sample sizes from a power analysis. </li> </ol> <p>Details of the experimental paradigm as well as of the fMRI data acquisition and analysis can be found in the associated article. </p>
Incorporating evolutionary and threat processes into crop wild relatives conservation
<p>Crop wild relatives (CWR) intra- and interspecific diversity is essential for crop breeding and food security. However, intraspecific genetic diversity, which is central given the idiosyncratic threats to species in landscapes, is usually not considered in planning frameworks. Here, we introduce an approach to develop proxies of genetic differentiation to identify conservation areas, applying systematic conservation planning tools that produce hierarchical prioritizations of the landscape. It accounts for: (i) evolutionary processes, including historical and environmental drivers of genetic diversity, and (ii) threat processes, considering taxa-specific tolerance to human-modified habitats, and their extinction risk status. Our results support the development of national strategies for the conservation and use of CWR in Mexico and inform public policy to mitigate threat processes to CWR. Although we focus on Mesoamerican CWR within Mexico, our methodology offers opportunities to effectively guide conservation and monitoring strategies to safeguard the evolutionary resilience of any taxa, including in regions of complex evolutionary histories and mosaic landscapes.</p>
Fig. 4 in The threat of free-ranging domestic dog to native wildlife: implication for conservation in Southeast Asia
Fig. 4. The spatial distribution of perceived risk from domestic dog (Canis familiaris) across mainland Southeast Asia. Excluded human settlements and water bodies have been marked in white.
Fig. 3 in The threat of free-ranging domestic dog to native wildlife: implication for conservation in Southeast Asia
Fig. 3. Percentage perceived risk in Avian and Mammalian orders. Height of peaks represent number of species scaled to 2, see Supplementary Materials 4 and 5. Orders with two or less species, including Otidiformes, Dermoptera, Perissodactyla, Pholidota, and Proboscidea, were removed for visualisation.
Fig. 2 in The threat of free-ranging domestic dog to native wildlife: implication for conservation in Southeast Asia
Fig. 2. Percentage perceived risk in Red List categories. Height of peaks represent number of species scaled to 2, see Supplementary Materials 4 and 5.
Fig. 1 in The threat of free-ranging domestic dog to native wildlife: implication for conservation in Southeast Asia
Fig. 1. Bayesian networks modelling (a) perceived risk to carnivore mammalian species, (b) perceived risk to non-carnivore mammalian species, (c) perceived risk to Avian species and, (d) the spatial distribution of perceived risk from domestic dogs in mainland Southeast Asia.
Psychedelic drug effects on reactivity of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and threat responding behavior
<p>Psychedelics have experienced renewed interest following studies suggesting potential therapeutic effects in patients with affective disorders. While clinical results look promising, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying acute and prolonged effects of psychedelics remain unclear. Many psychiatric disorders involve hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) is a midline hypothalamic nucleus that plays an integral role in HPA stress reactivity, autonomic functioning, social behavior, and many other affective processes. We investigated the effect of psilocin, the psychoactive metabolite of psilocybin, on PVN reactivity in Sprague Dawley rats. Psilocin increased stimulus-independent activity as measured by c-Fos expression in the PVN of male and female rats. Psilocin also increased PVN reactivity (ΔF/F) to an aversive air-puff stimulus in males but not females. PVN reactivity was restored at 2- and 7-days post-injection with no group differences. Additionally, we found that prior psilocin injection did not affect PVN reactivity following acute restraint stress. Experimental groups were sub-classified by baseline threat responding and psilocin-induced increases in male PVN reactivity were found to be driven by baseline active threat responders. Overall, these data demonstrate that the PVN is a significant site of psychedelic drug action with implications for threat responding behavior.</p>
Fig. 1 in Current State, Anthropogenic Threats And Conservation Of The European Pond Turtle (Emys Orbiclularis) In Belarus
Fig. 1. Typical specimen of Emys orbicularis orbicularis from north-east part of the range in Belarus.
Figure 1 in Current knowledge of New Caledonian marine and freshwater ichthyofauna, SW Pacific Ocean: diversity, exploitation, threats and management actions
Figure 1. – Location of New Caledonia in the southwest Pacific. Dotted lines: limits of the New Caledonian EEZ, triangles: main seamounts, blue zones: UNESCO world heritage areas, and red hatched zones: fully protected marine areas. Modified from New Caledonian Government, Global seamounts database, The Pew charitable trust.
Fig. 1 in Aquatic vertebrate predation threats to the Platte River caddisfly (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)
Fig. 1. Percent of total Ironoquia plattensis larvae consumed over the 72 h test period for each vertebrate species tested.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.