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61 results for “topographic data”
Data: Soil moisture modeling with ERA5-Land retrievals, topographic indices, and in situ measurements and its use for predicting ruts
<p>Data for: <br><br>Soil moisture modeling with ERA5-Land retrievals, topographic indices, and in situ measurements and its use for predicting ruts</p> <p>Marian Schönauer<sup>1</sup>, Anneli M. Ågren<sup>2</sup>, Klaus Katzensteiner<sup>3</sup>, Florian Hartsch<sup>1</sup>, Paul Arp<sup>4</sup>, Simon Drollinger<sup>5</sup>, Dirk Jaeger<sup>1</sup></p> <p><sup>1</sup>Department of Forest Work Science and Engineering, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany</p> <p><sup>2</sup>Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden</p> <p><sup>3</sup>Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria</p> <p><sup>4</sup>Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick, Canada</p> <p><sup>5</sup>Department of Physical Geography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany</p>
Data from: Spatial variation of soil CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes across topographical positions in tropical forests of the Guiana Shield in Ecosystems
<p>Data from: Spatial variation of soil CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes across topographical positions in tropical forests of the Guiana Shield in Ecosystems</p>
Datasets supporting the paper 'City-scale high-resolution flood models and the role of topographic data: a case study of Kathmandu, Nepal.'
<p>###########################################################<br>Datasets supporting the publication:<br><strong>Watson, C.S., Gyawali, J., Creed, M., and Elliott, J.R. City-scale high-resolution flood models and the role of topographic data: a case study of Kathmandu, Nepal. Geocarto International. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2024.2387073">https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2024.2387073</a><br></strong></p> <p><strong>-Please refer to the publication for details on the production of each dataset.</strong><br>-<strong>Please cite the publication and this dataset repository when using the data.</strong><br>###########################################################</p> <p><strong>Contents:</strong></p> <p><strong>Stream centrelines:</strong></p> <p>streams_fabdem.gpkg</p> <p>streams_GLO30.gpkg</p> <p>streams_kh9_1974.gpkg</p> <p>streams_merit.gpkg</p> <p>streams_merit_hydro.gpkg</p> <p>streams_pleiades.gpkg</p> <p>streams_reference.gpkg</p> <p><strong>Flood maps:<br></strong></p> <p>fastflood_1in100year_flood_depth_metres.tif</p> <p>flood_depth_difference__fastflood_Shrestha_et_al_2023_metres.gpkg</p> <p>Height_above_channel_metres.tif</p> <p><strong>1974 Orthoimage:</strong></p> <p>KH9_1974_orthoimage_DZB1209_500101L007001_DZB1209_500101L008001.tif</p>
daleihao/Topographic_Effects: Codes and data for GMD paper "A Parameterization of Sub-grid Topographical Effects on Solar Radiation in the E3SM Land Model (Version 1.0): Implementation and Evaluation Over the Tibetan Plateau"
<p>Codes and data to reproduce all results and plot all figures for GMD paper "A Parameterization of Sub-grid Topographical Effects on Solar Radiation in the E3SM Land Model (Version 1.0): Implementation and Evaluation Over the Tibetan Plateau"</p>
Data for "Formation of topographic benches and noses from the exhumation of crater-filling alluvial strata on Mars"
<p>Numerical model, batch scripts, experiment parameters, and results used for the publication "Formation of topographic benches and noses from the exhumation of crater-filling alluvial strata on Mars".</p>
Topographic data to support the analysis of error and uncertainty that degrade topographic corrections of remotely sensed data
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Data from: Topographic and vegetation drivers of thermal heterogeneity along the boreal–grassland transition zone in western Canada: implications for climate change refugia
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Data from: Topographic heterogeneity lengthens the duration of pollinator resources
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Data from: Topographic ruggedness and rainfall mediate geographic range contraction of a threatened marsupial predator
Aim: Species range contractions are increasingly common globally. The niche reduction hypothesis posits that geographic range contractions are often patterned across space owing to heterogeneity in threat impacts and tolerance. We applied the niche reduction hypothesis to the decline of a threatened marsupial predator across northern Australia, the northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus). Location: Northern Australia Methods: We assembled a data base containing 3178 historic and contemporary records for northern quolls across the extent of their distribution dating between 1770 and 2019. Based on these records, we estimated changes in the geographic range of the northern quoll using α-hulls across four main populations. We then examined how range contractions related to factors likely to mediate the exposure, susceptibility, or tolerance of northern quolls to threats. Result: The extent of range contractions showed an east-west gradient, most likely reflecting the timing of spread of introduced cane toads (Rhinella marina). There were clear changes in environmental characteristics within the contemporary compared to the historic geographic range, with the most substantial occurring in populations that have suffered the greatest range contractions. The contemporary range is comprised of higher quality habitats (measured using environmental niche models), characterized by higher topographical ruggedness and annual rainfall, and reduced distance to water, compared to the historic range. Main conclusions: Changes to range and niche likely reflect the capacity of complex habitats to ameliorate threats (namely predation and altered fire regimes), and access to resources that increase threat tolerance. This study highlights the multivariate nature of ecological refuges, and the importance of high-quality habitats for the persistence of species exposed to multiple threats. Our methods provide a useful framework which can be applied across taxa in providing valuable insight to management.
Data from: The importance of using topographic features to predict climate-resilient habitat for migratory forest landbirds: an example for the Rusty Blackbird, Olive-sided Flycatcher, and Canada Warbler
<p>Maintaining a functionally-connected network of high-quality habitat is one of the most effective responses to biodiversity loss. However, the spatial distribution of suitable habitat may shift over time in response to climate change. Taxa such as migratory forest landbirds are already undergoing climate-driven range shifts. Therefore, patches of climate-resilient habitat (also known as "climate refugia") are especially valuable from a conservation perspective. Here, we performed maximum entropy (Maxent) species distribution modeling to predict suitable and potentially climate-resilient habitat in Nova Scotia, Canada, for three migratory forest landbirds: Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus), Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi), and Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis). We used a reverse stepwise elimination technique to identify covariates that influence habitat suitability for the target species at broad scales, including abiotic (topographic control of moisture and nutrient accumulation) and biotic (forest characteristics) covariates. As topography should be relatively unaffected by a changing climate and helps regulate the structure and composition of forest habitat, we posit that the inclusion of appropriate topographic features may support the identification of climate-resilient habitat. Of all covariates, Depth to water table was the most important predictor of relative habitat suitability for the Rusty Blackbird and Canada Warbler, with both species showing a strong association with wet areas. Mean canopy height was the most important predictor for the Olive-sided Flycatcher, whereby the species was associated with taller trees. Our models, which comprise the finest scale species distribution models available for these species in this region, further indicated that, for all species, habitat (1) remains relatively abundant and well distributed in Nova Scotia and (2) is often located in wet lowlands (a climate-resilient topographic landform). These findings suggest that opportunities remain to conserve breeding habitat for these species despite changing temperature and precipitation regimes.</p>
Data from: Performance of forest bryophytes with different geographical distributions transplanted across a topographically heterogeneous landscape
Most species distribution models assume a close link between climatic conditions and species distributions. Yet, we know little about the link between species' geographical distributions and the sensitivity of performance to local environmental factors. We studied the performance of three bryophyte species transplanted at south- and north-facing slopes in a boreal forest landscape in Sweden. At the same sites, we measured both air and ground temperature. We hypothesized that the two southerly distributed species Eurhynchium angustirete andHerzogiella seligeri perform better on south-facing slopes and in warm conditions, and that the northerly distributed species Barbilophozia lycopodioides perform better on north-facing slopes and in relatively cool conditions. The northern, but not the two southern species, showed the predicted relationship with slope aspect. However, the performance of one of the two southern species was still enhanced by warm temperatures. An important reason for the inconsistent results can be that microclimatic gradients across landscapes are complex and influenced by many climate-forcing factors. Therefore, comparing only north- and south-facing slopes might not capture the complexity of microclimatic gradients. Population growth rates and potential distributions are the integrated results of all vital rates. Still, the study of selected vital rates constitutes an important first step to understand the relationship between population growth rates and geographical distributions and is essential to better predict how climate change influences species distributions.
Data from: Ring distributions leading to species formation: a global topographic analysis of geographic barriers associated with ring species
BACKGROUND: In the mid 20th Century, Ernst Mayr and Theodosius Dobzhansky championed the significance of circular overlaps or ring species as the perfect demonstration of speciation, yet in over 50 years since only a handful of such taxa are known. We developed a topographic model to evaluate whether the geographic barriers that favor processes leading to ring species are common or rare, and to predict where other candidate ring barriers might be found. RESULTS: Of the 952,147 geographic barriers identified on the planet, only about 1% are topographically similar to barriers associated with known ring taxa, with most of the likely candidates occurring in under-studied parts of the world (e.g., marine environments, tropical latitudes). Predicted barriers separate into two distinct categories: (i) single cohesive barriers (<50,000 km2), associated with taxa that differentiate at smaller spatial scales (salamander: Ensatina eschscholtzii; tree: Acacia karroo); and (ii) composite barriers – formed by groups of barriers (each 184,000 to 1.7 million km2) in close geographic proximity (totaling 1.9 to 2.3 million km2) – associated with taxa that differentiate at larger spatial scales (birds: Phylloscopus trochiloides and Larus [sp. argentatus and fuscus]). When evaluated globally, we find a large number of cohesive barriers that are topographically similar to those associated with known ring taxa. Yet, compared to cohesive barriers, an order of magnitude fewer composite barriers are similar to those that favor ring divergence in species with higher dispersal. CONCLUSIONS: While these findings confirm that the topographic conditions that favor evolutionary processes leading to ring speciation are in fact rare, they also suggest that many understudied natural systems could provide valuable demonstrations of continuous divergence towards the formation of new species. Distinct advantages of the model are that it (i) requires no a priori information on the relative importance of features that define barriers, (ii) can be replicated using any kind of continuously distributed environmental variable, and (iii) generates spatially explicit hypotheses of geographic species formation. The methods developed here – combined with study of the geographical ecology and genetics of taxa in their environments – should enable recognition of ring species phenomena throughout the world.
Data from: Topographic mapping of the interfaces between human and aquatic mosquito habitats to enable barrier-targeting of interventions against malaria vectors
Geophysical topographic metrics of local water-accumulation potential are freely available and have long been known as high resolution predictors of where aquatic habitats for immature Anopheles mosquitoes are most abundant, resulting in elevated densities of adult malaria vectors and human infection burden. Using existing entomological and epidemiological survey data, here we illustrate how topography can also be used to map out the interfaces between wet, unoccupied valleys and dry, densely populated uplands, where malaria vector densities and infection risk are focally exacerbated. These topographically identifiable geophysical boundaries experience disproportionately high vector densities and malaria transmission risk because this is where Anopheles mosquitoes first encounter humans when they search for blood after emerging or ovipositing in the valleys. Geophysical topographic indicators accounted for 67% of variance for vector density but only 43% for infection prevalence, so they could enable very selective targeting of interventions against the former but not the latter (targeting ratios of 9.0 versus 1.5 to 1, respectively). So in addition to being useful for targeting larval source management to wet valleys, geophysical topographic indicators may also be used to selectively target adult Anopheles mosquitoes with insecticidal residual sprays, fencing, vapour emanators or space sprays to barrier areas along their fringes.
Topographic data for the study "Scoria cones on Mars: detailed investigation of morphometry based on HiRISE and CTX DEMs"
<p>These are topographic data based on gridded digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from HiRISE (~30 cm/pixel, [McEwen et al., 2007]) and CTX (5–6 m/pixel; [Malin et al., 2007]) images which were used for morphometric investigation of cones within three fields on Mars (Ulysses Collse, Hydraotes Colles and unnamed field in Coprates Chasma).</p>
Deep learning detects entire multiple-size Lunar craters driven by elevation data and topographic knowledge
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Code and data for: Ladder fuels, not canopy volumes, consistently associated with forest wildfire severity even in extreme topographic-weather conditions
<p>Code and associated metrics for Hakkenberg et.al. 2024. Ladder fuels rather than canopy volumes consistently predict wildfire severity even in extreme topographic-weather conditions</p> <p>Contact chrishakkenberg@gmail.com for all questions and requests</p>
Data used in "Topographic Modulation of the Wind Stress Impact on Eddy Activity in the Southern Ocean"
<p>These are the data used in the creation of figures (Fig3,4,S2) in Cai et al. 2022: "Topographic Modulation of the Wind Stress Impact on Eddy Activity in the Southern Ocean", including 9 experiments. It is obtained from NEMO output.</p>
Data & parsing software for CMB Topographic Model
<p>Datasets and associated code for reading the data (and generating tomographic models) for the CMB topography / lowermost mantle tomographic model of Muir et al. </p>
Data from: Is tropical montane forest heterogeneity promoted by a resource-driven feedback cycle? Evidence from nutrient relations, herbivory and litter decomposition along a topographical gradient
1. Ridges of tropical mountains often differ strikingly from neighbouring ravines in terms of forest structure, productivity, and species composition. This heterogeneity is poorly understood despite its critical role in biodiversity maintenance, carbon and nutrient budgets. 2. We examined measures of tree biomass and productivity, foliage and litter quality (nutrient concentrations, specific leaf mass, phenolics), herbivory and leaf litter decomposition in each six plots laid out in upper and lower slope position in a tropical montane moist forest in southeastern Ecuador. 3. Productivity, quality of foliage and litter and herbivory were significantly lower in upper slope position and closely correlated with soil nutrient concentrations and accumulated humus. The decomposition of upper slope leaf litter (decomposition rate k) was substantially lower than in litter from lower slope forest, whereas the site of decomposition (slope position) only had a marginal effect on the decomposition rate. 4. Our results suggest that the differences in stand structure, productivity, foliar quality, herbivory and decomposition between slope positions are ultimately due to stronger nutrient limitations in upper slope forest. We propose a general conceptual model that explains origin and maintenance of contrasting forest types along topographical gradients through down-slope fluxes of nutrients and water, and a nutrient-driven positive feedback cycle.
Supporting data for: Investigating conifer water use patterns across temporal and topographic gradients in the southern Sierra Nevada
<p>Access to a reliable water source plays an integral role in tree function and survival. Water is a critical component of tree physiological processes, with trees that experience water stress exhibiting lower stomatal conductance (Irvine et al. 1998, Panek and Goldstein 1999), reduced photosynthetic and growth rates (Grieu et al. 1988, DeLucia and Heckathorn 1989, Adams and Kolb 2005, Truettner et al. 2018), and increased risk of hydraulic failure (Brodribb and Cochrad 2009, Anderegg and Anderegg 2013). As droughts increase in frequency, severity, and duration globally (Allen et al. 2015), access to a reliable water source such as deep soil water or water stored in fractured bedrock (i.e, hydraulic refugia) may dictate how trees respond to periods of water stress (McDowell et al. 2019). For example, studies in the southwestern United States have indicated that trees with access to deeper, more reliable water sources experience lower rates of mortality during drought periods (Grossiord et al. 2017, McDowell et al. 2019). While the effect of water availability on tree function and survival is well studied, whether the primary water source used by trees varies through time and across topographic gradients remains poorly understood. Understanding variability in tree water use patterns may provide insight to how forests will respond to increasing water stress under climate change.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.