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663 results for “trade-off”
Data from: Riparian reforestation on the landscape scale – Navigating trade-offs among agricultural production, ecosystem functioning and biodiversity
<p> </p> <p><strong>Short description</strong></p> <p>This repository contains the relevant data and code used for the analyses of the scientific publication: "<em>Riparian reforestation on the landscape scale – Navigating trade-offs among agricultural production, ecosystem functioning and biodiversity</em>", published in the Journal of Applied Ecology.</p> <p>For further details please see the original article and its supplementary materials.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Organization of the data</strong></p> <p>The repository contains two main folders:</p> <p> 1. Target indicators & spatial analysis</p> <p><em>‘target indicators.csv’</em>: Measured variables that have been quantified at the CROSSLINK field sampling campaign in the Zwalm catchment (EPT taxa richness, diatoms functional evenness, cotton-strip assay).</p> <p><em>‘bio-suitability segments.csv’</em>: Biophysical suitability for food production of the arable land for each riparian segment of the Zwalm.</p> <p><em>‘spatial analysis.xlsx’</em>: Results of the Zwalm spatial analyses addressing land-use and physiographic properties of the (1) local riparian corridors; (2) full riparian corridors within in the upstream catchments and (3) total upstream catchment areas for each sampling site.</p> <p><em>‘Summary model development Zwalm.pptx’</em>: Additional information on the models that have been used in the CoMOLA optimization framework.</p> <p> 2. CoMOLA input & parameterisation</p> <p>The files in this folder can be used for the parameterisation of the Python tool CoMOLA (Strauch et al., 2019). Source for CoMOLA, including user manual: https://github.com/michstrauch/CoMOLA</p> <p><em>‘config.ini’</em>: Basic configuration file of CoMOLA (needs to be adjusted to local settings)</p> <p><em>‘input’ folder</em>: Includes the CoMOLA input files that have been used in our study. See CoMOLA manual for more details on each file.</p> <p><em>‘models’ folder</em>: Includes the Python code of the models that are used for the calculation of all target indicators within the optimization framework (‘Zwalm_4_Models_v1_utf8.py’). The sub-folders ‘GIS_temp_files’ and ‘Input’ contain all files that are needed and have been used to run the Python code.</p> <p> </p>
Food deprivation exposes sex-specific trade-offs between stress tolerance and lifespan in the copepod Tigriopus californicus
<p>Long life is standardly assumed to be associated with high stress tolerance. Previous work shows that the copepod <em>Tigriopus californicus</em> breaks this rule, with longer lifespan under benign conditions found in males, the sex with lower stress tolerance. Here we extended this previous work, raising animals from the same families in food-replete conditions until adulthood and then transferring them to food-limited conditions until all animals perished. As in previous work, survivorship under food-replete conditions favored males. However, under food deprivation lifespan strongly favored females in all crosses. Compared to benign conditions, average lifespan under nutritional stress was reduced by 47% in males but only 32% in females. Further, the sex-specific mitonuclear effects previously found under benign conditions were erased under food limited conditions. Results thus demonstrate that sex-specific lifespan, including mitonuclear interactions, are highly dependent on nutritional environment.</p>
Changes in trait covariance along an orographic moisture gradient reveal the relative importance of light- and moisture-driven trade-offs in subtropical rainforest communities
<p>•<span> </span>A range of functional trait-based approaches have been developed to investigate community assembly processes, but most ignore how traits covary within communities. </p> <p>•<span> </span>We combined existing approaches (community-weighted means [CWMs] and functional dispersion [FDis]) with a metric of trait covariance to examine assembly processes in five angiosperm assemblages along a moisture gradient in Australia's subtropics. In addition to testing hypotheses about habitat filtering along the gradient, we hypothesised that trait covariance would be strongest at both ends of the moisture gradient and weakest in the middle, reflecting trade-offs associated with light capture in productive sites and moisture stress in dry sites.</p> <p>•<span> </span>CWMs revealed evidence of climatic filtering, but FDis patterns were less clear. As hypothesised, trait covariance was weakest in the middle of the gradient, but unexpectedly peaked at the second driest site due to the emergence of a clear drought tolerance – drought avoidance spectrum. At the driest site, the same spectrum was truncated at the 'avoider' end, revealing important information about habitat filtering in this system.</p> <p>•<span> </span>Our focus on trait covariance revealed the nature and strength of trade-offs imposed by light and moisture availability, and complemented insights gained about community assembly from existing trait-based approaches. </p>
Data collection for article "Local Perspectives on Ecosystem Service Trade-Offs in a Forest Frontier Landscape in Myanmar"
<p>This dataset contains 46 transcripts from semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. An overview of the interviews is additionally provided, as well as information on the encoding. These data underlie the publication "Local Perspectives on Ecosystem Service Trade-Offs in a Forest Frontier Landscape in Myanmar".</p>
Data from: Pleiotropy alleviates the fitness costs associated with resource allocation trade-offs in immune signaling networks
<p>Many genes and signaling pathways within plant and animal taxa drive the expression of multiple organismal traits. This form of genetic pleiotropy instigates trade-offs among life-history traits if a mutation in the pleiotropic gene improves the fitness contribution of one trait at the expense of another. Whether or not pleiotropy gives rise to conflict among traits, however, likely depends on the resource costs and timing of trait deployment during organismal development. To investigate factors that could influence the evolutionary maintenance of pleiotropy in gene networks, we developed an agent-based model of co-evolution between parasites and hosts. Hosts comprise signaling networks that must faithfully complete a developmental program while also defending against parasites, and trait signaling networks could be independent or share a pleiotropic component as they evolved to improve host fitness. We found that hosts with independent developmental and immune networks were significantly more fit than hosts with pleiotropic networks when traits were deployed asynchronously during development. When host genotypes directly competed against each other, however, pleiotropic hosts were victorious regardless of trait synchrony because the pleiotropic networks were more robust to parasite manipulation, potentially explaining the abundance of pleiotropy in immune systems despite its contribution to life history trade-offs.</p>
Dataset (encounter histories of female bats) used in the analysis for the paper Culina et al.: Live fast, don't die young: survival reproduction trade-offs in long-lived income breeders
<p>Two data files (Md_capture_H, Mn_capture_H) represent the capture histories of females of two species (Myotis daubentonii = Md, and M. nattereri=Mn). These capture histories were used to run multi-event-capture-mark-recapture model, as described in the paper, and in the readme document in this data package.<br> </p>
Dataset from Computational modeling of anthocyanin pathway evolution: Biases, hotspots, and trade-offs
<p>This directory contains the scripts used to run simulations, Jupyter notebook with complete analysis, and serialized (pickled) raw simulated dataset from our paper "<em>Computational modeling of anthocyanin pathway evolution: Biases, hotspots, and trade-offs</em>". These materials are referenced in the main text and supplemental text of the publication. The purpose of this repository is to facilitate replication of our analysis by any interested parties. </p>
Fig. 3 in The trade-off between the transmission of chemical cues and parasites: behavioral interactions between leaf-cutting ant workers of different age classes
Fig. 3. Mean ± s.e. frequencies that young and old ants were observed giving or receiving allogrooming during a 15 s observation period.
Fig. 2 in The trade-off between the transmission of chemical cues and parasites: behavioral interactions between leaf-cutting ant workers of different age classes
Fig. 2. Mean ± s.e. frequencies that young and old ants were: (a) observed selfgrooming and (b) observed engaged in mandible scraping with another ant, during a 15 s observation period.
Fig. 1 in The trade-off between the transmission of chemical cues and parasites: behavioral interactions between leaf-cutting ant workers of different age classes
Fig. 1. Overall activity levels. Mean ± s.e. frequencies that young and old ants were: (a) observed engaging in one of the focal behaviors and (b) observed engaged in antennation with another ant, during a 15 s observation period.
Policies, systemic factors, trade-offs and synergies for agroecological transitions
<table> <tbody> <tr> <td>In order to identify the existing policies, systemic factors, trade-offs and synergies for agroecological transition we collected data via desk research, interviews with policy-makers and focus groups. This dataset presents the interview outcomes for 39 policy-makers from our focal countries</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Supported data for manuscript: 'Future hydrogen economies imply environmental trade-offs and a supply-demand mismatch' (DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51251-7)
<p>After unpacking the ZIP file, this repository contains the following files:</p> <p><strong>results_lcoh_ecoinvent_391_reference.tif:</strong> grid-specific hydrogen production cost (euro/kg H2) for the reference scenario.</p> <p><strong>results_lcoh_SSP2-Base_2050_base.tif:</strong> grid-specific hydrogen production cost (euro/kg H2) for the baseline scenario in 2050.</p> <p><strong>results_lcoh_SSP2-PkBudg1150_2050_base.tif:</strong> grid-specific hydrogen production cost (euro/kg H2) for the 2°C scenario in 2050.</p> <p><strong>results_lcoh_SSP2-PkBudg500_2050_base.tif:</strong> grid-specific hydrogen production cost (euro/kg H2) for the 1.5°C scenario in 2050.</p> <p><strong>results_ghg_kg_h2_ecoinvent_391_reference.tif:</strong> grid-specific GHG emissions (kg CO2-eq./kg H2) from hydrogen production for the reference scenario.</p> <p><strong>results_ghg_kg_h2_SSP2-Base_2050_base.tif:</strong> grid-specific GHG emissions (kg CO2-eq./kg H2) from hydrogen production for the baseline scenario in 2050.</p> <p><strong>results_ghg_kg_h2_SSP2-PkBudg1150_2050_base.tif:</strong> grid-specific GHG emissions (kg CO2-eq./kg H2) from hydrogen production for the 2°C scenario in 2050.</p> <p><strong>results_ghg_kg_h2_SSP2-PkBudg500_2050_base.tif:</strong> grid-specific GHG emissions (kg CO2-eq./kg H2) from hydrogen production for the 1.5°C scenario in 2050.</p> <p><strong>main_gen_figures.ipynb: </strong>Jupyter Notebook script used to generate the main figures of the manuscript.</p>
Physiological mechanisms and life history trade-offs shape in-tissue correlations of an essential micronutrient
<p>The Matlab code and dataset for the manuscript "Physiological mechanisms and life history trade-offs shape in-tissue correlations of an essential micronutrient". The dataset is packed in the ZIP archive 'Dataset_EjsmondTodisco_etal.zip' with variable description in the Matlab code file EjsmondTodisco_etal.m. To run the program, place the files EjsmondTodisco_etal.m and Fun_PlotResults.m in a catalog. The results are stored in two catalogs: 'ThReabsorptionAndSecretion' - modeling the rate of thiamine loss with processes of active reabsorption and secretion; and 'ThReabsorptionOnly' - modeling the rate of thiamine loss with the process of active reabsorption only. The ThReabsorptionAndSecretion catalog contains data for three life history types: iteroparity (baseline model), semelparity, and determinate growth (constant mass of somatic tissues in adults). For details see the manuscript by Ejsmond, Todisco et al.</p>
Rivals Reloaded - Adapting to Sample-Based Speed–Accuracy Trade-Offs Through Competitive Pressure: Data
<p>Data and codebook for experiment described in publication titled Rivals Reloaded - Adapting to Sample-Based Speed–Accuracy Trade-Offs Through Competitive Pressure published in Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition authored by Linda McCaughey, Johannes Prager and Klaus Fiedler </p>
Datasets and OpenLCA foreground data processes for the article: Understanding environmental trade-offs and resource demand of direct air capture technologies through comparative life-cycle assessment
<p>This data set contains the supplementary data sets (1-3) and exported foreground data processes from OpenLCA for the manuscript “Understanding environmental trade-offs and resource demand of direct air capture technologies through comparative life-cycle assessment”, submitted to Nature Energy.</p> <p>This repository contains:</p> <ul> <li>Supplementary data set 1: Ancillary calculations and numerical values for HT-Aq DAC</li> <li>Supplementary data set 2: Ancillary calculations and numerical values for TSA DAC</li> <li>Supplementary data set 3: Ancillary calculations and numerical values shown in plots and table 3</li> <li>Foreground data from OpenLCA. OpenLCA process model for different cases of HT-Aq DAC and TSA DAC. To re-run the LCA calculations, OpenLCA (freeware) and the Ecoinvent 3.5 database (license required) need to be installed on a standard desktop computer or laptop with at least 8 GB RAM.</li> </ul>
Daphnia magna trade-off safety from UV radiation for food
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Research on diel vertical migration (DVM) is generally conducted at the population level, whereas few studies have focused on how individual animals behaviorally respond to threats when also having access to foraging opportunities. We utilized a 3-D tracking platform to record the swimming behavior of <i>Daphnia magna</i> exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the presence or absence of a food patch. We analyzed the vertical position of individuals before and during UVR exposure and found that the presence of food reduced the average swimming depth during both sections of the trial. Since UVR is a strong driver of zooplankton behavior, our results highlight that biotic factors, such as food patches, have profound effects on both the amplitude and the frequency of avoidance behavior. In a broader context, the trade-off between threats and food adds to our understanding of the strength and variance of behavioral responses to threats, including DVM.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
SO2 and copper tolerance exhibit an evolutionary trade-off in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
<p>Copper tolerance and sulfite tolerance are two well-studied phenotypic traits of <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>. The genetic bases of these traits are derived from allelic expansion at the CUP1 locus and reciprocal translocation at the SSU1 locus, respectively. Previous work identified a negative association between sulfite and copper tolerance in <em>S. cerevisiae</em> wine yeasts. Here we probe the relationship between sulfite and copper tolerance and show that an increase in <em>CUP1</em> copy number does not impart copper tolerance in all <em>S. cerevisiae</em> wine yeast. Bulk-segregant QTL analysis was used to identify variance at <em>SSU1</em> as a causative factor in copper sensitivity, which was verified by reciprocal hemizygosity analysis in a strain carrying 20 copies of <em>CUP1</em>. Transcriptional and proteomic analysis demonstrated that <em>SSU1</em> over-expression did not suppress <em>CUP1</em> transcription or constrain protein production but suggested that <em>SSU1</em> overexpression induced sulfur limitation during exposure to copper. Finally, an <em>SSU1</em> over-expressing strain exhibited increased sensitivity to moderately elevated copper concentrations in sulfur-limited medium, demonstrating that <em>SSU1</em> over-expression burdens the sulfate assimilation pathway. Over-expression of MET 3/14/16, genes upstream of H<sub>2</sub>S production in the sulfate assimilation pathway increased the production of SO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S but did not improve copper sensitivity in an <em>SSU1</em> overexpressing background. We conclude that copper and sulfite tolerance are conditional traits in <em>S. cerevisiae</em> and provide evidence of the metabolic basis for their mutual exclusivity. These findings suggest an evolutionary basis for the extreme amplification of <em>CUP1</em> observed in some yeasts.</p>
The trait-mediated trade-off between growth and survival depends on tree sizes and environmental conditions
<p><span>Interspecific relationships between growth and survival are critical determinants of tree species diversity maintenance in forests. The trade-offs between growth and survival in co-occurring tree species are believed to arise along a continuum of life-history strategies. For example, co-occurring species range from those that grow slowly and survive well in resource-poor environments to those that grow quickly but have low survival rates in resource-rich environments. However, uncertainties remain regarding how growth-survival trade-offs are related to species traits, tree sizes, or environmental conditions.</span></p> <p><span>We examined how the relationships between species traits and growth–survival relationships shift in response to changes in stem sizes and across census periods with different climate conditions (frequency of strong winds, drought intensity) across 45 co-occurring tree species based on 23 years of growth and survival records in a warm temperate rain forest on Yakushima Island, Japan. We developed hierarchical Bayesian models of relative growth and survival rates, including leaf traits, wood density, and 95-percentile maximum stem diameter as explanatory variables. We tested the relationships between estimated trait-mediated growth–survival relationships and the intensities of climate events during five census periods.</span></p> <p><span>Each trait's effects on growth–survival relationships differed across the five census periods in response to climate conditions. Interspecific growth–survival relationships affected by a single trait axis for leaves or wood tended to be negative. In contrast, those affected by the maximum stem diameter tended to be positive. Such trends </span><span>increased with more frequent </span><span>strong winds or more intense droughts. The single-trait effects on growth–survival relationships were stronger for smaller sizes than for larger sizes. For all traits combined, we found a significant growth–survival trade-off only for small-sized stems in three of five census periods.</span></p> <p><span>Synthesis: Our results indicate that the effect of species traits on the growth–survival relationships depended on tree sizes, the census periods, or both in response to the frequency or intensity of climate events. We argue the importance of incorporating spatial and temporal variations in environmental conditions into long-term data from tree census to predict forest dynamics.</span></p>
Evolving to stay the same: Life history evolution and trade-offs in response to high and low total food
<p>Food drives ecology and evolution, but few studies have directly investigated the impacts of the total amount of food on life history evolution within-species. Among the limited number of available case studies that do directly test total food effects on life history evolution we still lack consensus, partially owing to incompletely described life histories. We explored life history trade-offs across the whole lifecycle, and the consequences for trait and population dynamics, in a marine copepod evolved under high and low total food using an integral projection model (IPM). Populations were subjected to high- and low-food regimes and a common garden experiment after 30 generations of evolution. We then sampled and measured individual vital rates (growth, reproduction, and survival) from hatching until death, which were used to parameterise IPMs. Food regime had a significant but slight effect on life histories, which appeared 'slow' and 'fast' in low-food and high-food lineages respectively. Low-food lineages grew bigger and produced larger offspring to genetically compensate for their environment, but this compensation came with costs; notably shorter lifespans and less chance of producing clutches of eggs. Despite these differences, population ecology and fitness were similar in high- and low-food lineages as anticipated by per-capita rather than total food effects. Consequently, though natural planktonic populations may genetically mitigate the effects of climate-induced food scarcity, there are limits to this compensation and likely unforeseen impacts effects for wider food webs.</p>
Data from: Weak evidence of trade-offs modulated by seed mass among a guild of closely related winter annuals
<p>This is R code for addressing the following research questions:</p> <p>(1) Do species differ in their average responses to density treatments?</p> <p>(2) Does seed mass explain species' responses to increasing densities of conspecifics?</p> <p>(3) Does seed mass explain species' responses to increasing densities of both conspecifics and heterospecifics?</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.