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69 results for “trait shift”
Shifts in wood anatomical traits after a major hurricane
<p>Trait variation across individuals and species influences the resistance and resilience of ecosystems to disturbance, and the ability of individuals to capitalize on post-disturbance conditions. In trees, the anatomical structure of the xylem directly affects plant function and, consequently, it is a valuable lens through which to understand resistance and resilience to disturbance.</p> <p>To determine how hurricanes affect the wood anatomy of tropical trees, we characterized a set of anatomical traits in wood produced before and after a major hurricane for 65 individuals of ten Puerto Rican tree species. We quantified variation at different scales and determined trait shifts between the pre- and post-hurricane periods. We also assessed correlations between traits and growth rates.</p> <p>While the majority of anatomical trait variation occurred among species, we also observed substantial variation within species and individuals. Within individuals, we found significant shifts for some traits that generally reflected increased hydraulic conductivity in the post-hurricane period. We found weak evidence for an association between individual xylem anatomical traits and diameter growth rates.</p> <p>Ultimately, within-individual variation of xylem anatomical traits observed in our study could be related to post-hurricane recovery and overall growth (e.g., canopy filling). Other factors, however, likely decouple a relationship between xylem anatomy and diameter growth. While adjustments of wood anatomy may enable individual trees to capitalize on favorable post-disturbance conditions, these may also influence their future responses or vulnerability to subsequent disturbances.</p>
Decoupling pioneering traits from latitudinal patterns in a North American bird experiencing a southward range shift
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Termite trait data from: Continental-scale shifts in termite diversity and nesting and feeding strategies
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Shifts in wood anatomical traits after a major hurricane
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Plant functional traits predict heterogeneous distributional shifts in response to climate change
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Winter range shifts and their associations with species traits are heterogeneous in eastern North American birds
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Data from: Shifts in outcrossing rates and changes to floral traits are associated with the evolution of herbicide resistance in the common morning glory
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Data from: Ecological release and insular shifts in avian morphological traits in the Caribbean
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Species-level CWM values mask contrasting intra- vs interspecific trait shifts at subtropical forest edges
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Demographic consequences of dispersal-related trait shift in two recently diverged taxa of montane grasshoppers
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Trait shifts in bird communities from primary forest to human settlements in Mexican seasonal forests: Are there ruderal birds?
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Data from: Climate change-driven shifts in C3 and C4 grass distributions and leaf traits could lead to changes in community-level flammability
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Functional traits and their plasticity shift from tolerant to avoidant under extreme drought
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Data from: Extreme warming coordinately shifts root and leaf traits of alpine plants towards conservatism
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Learning from dynamic traits: Seasonal shifts yield insights into ecophysiological tradeoffs across scales from macroevolutionary to intra-individual
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Directional selection shifts trait distributions of planted species in dryland restoration
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Data from: Losing the trait without losing the signal: evolutionary shifts in communicative colour signalling
Colour signalling traits are often lost over evolutionary time, perhaps because they increase vulnerability to visual predators or lose relevance in terms of sexual selection. Here, we used spectrometric and phylogenetic comparative analyses to ask whether four independent losses of a sexually selected blue patch are spectrally similar, and whether these losses equate to a decrease in conspicuousness or to loss of a signal. We found that patches were lost in two distinct ways: either increasing reflectance primarily at very long or at very short wavelengths, and that species with additional colour elements (UV, green and pink) may be evolutionary intermediates. In addition, we found that patch spectral profiles of all species were closely-aligned with visual receptors in the receiver's retina. We found that loss of the blue patch makes males less conspicuous in terms of chromatic conspicuousness, but more conspicuous in terms of achromatic contrast, and that sexual dimorphism often persists regardless of patch loss. Dorsal surfaces were considerably more cryptic than were ventral surfaces, and species in which male bellies were the most similar in conspicuousness to their dorsal surfaces were also the most sexually dimorphic. These results emphasise the consistent importance of sexual selection and its flexible impact on different signal components through evolutionary time.
Functional traits of avian frugivores have shifted following species extinction and introduction in the Hawaiian Islands
<p>The extinction and introduction of species can alter ecological processes owing to the loss or gain of species roles. In vertebrate-dependent seed dispersal, mutualisms between frugivores and fruiting plants depend, in part, on matching of functional traits. High species turnover of frugivores has occurred on the Hawaiian Islands, owing to both the loss of native frugivores and the introduction of a new suite of frugivores. How this turnover has altered the functional traits of frugivores and the potential impacts on seed dispersal remain unclear.</p> <p>We investigated how avian frugivore traits differed between historic and modern assemblages of the Hawaiian Islands. We also tested how traits shifted within foraging guilds (ground versus arboreal) to distinguish potential impacts on plants within low versus high forest strata.</p> <p>Compared to historic frugivores, the modern assemblage is smaller in gape width and body mass in both ground and arboreal guilds. Wing shape did not significantly change between assemblages. From results, we postulate that changes in the frugivore community have likely altered seed dispersal processes by reducing (1) the size of seeds consumed, (2) frugivory rates per animal, and (3) seed dispersal distances.</p> <p>Owing to seed size placing strong constraints on consumption, we reviewed recent studies on frugivory by modern birds in the Hawaiian Islands and compared the size of seeds consumed versus seeds available. We found that larger-seeded plants (>8.1mm seed width) were not consumed by modern birds and were more likely to be of conservation risk compared to smaller-seeded plants. Consequently, dispersal limitation may threaten Hawaiian plant communities, with larger-seeded plants at greatest risk of extinction.</p> <p>Broadly, we show that extensive turnover within assemblages may lead to significant changes in functional traits, with potential knock-on effects for mutualistic interactions and communities.</p>
Idiosyncratic shifts in life-history traits at species' geographic range edges
<p>Anthropogenic changes drive shifts in species' geographic distributions and increase the occurrence of leading or trailing-edge marginal populations. Theoretical predictions and empirical observations indicate substantial changes in life-history traits in marginal populations, often involving dispersal and reproductive abilities. Using a common garden experiment, we studied the variation of life-history traits of populations sampled on spatial gradients extending from range-core to range-edge habitats for three expanding (miner's lettuce <em>Claytonia perfoliata</em>, Danish scurvygrass <em>Cochlearia</em> <em>danica</em>, and rock samphire <em>Crithmum</em> <em>maritimum</em>) and one receding plant species (dune pansy <em>Viola</em> <em>tricolor</em> subs. <em>curtisii</em>). We monitored life-history traits related to dispersal, phenology, survival, reproductive output, and selfing ability. Significant shifts in life-history traits between central and marginal populations strongly differed among species. Marginal populations of the three expanding species displayed modified seed weight in natura, suggesting increased dispersal abilities in leading-edge populations. Discarding unassessed maternal effects, this trait modification can be due to phenotypic plasticity or to genetic differentiation. In miner's lettuce, marginal expanding populations show advanced phenology and higher reproductive output, which may potentially influence their colonization ability. In rock samphire, life-history traits showed large intra- and inter-population variability that did not follow a core-to-edge geographic trend, except for seed size. Finally, the receding populations of the dune pansy displayed a shift towards a plant architecture maximizing survival but reducing individual reproductive success. Altogether, our results indicated a common trend for increased dispersal abilities in marginal populations of expanding species. However, shifts in species' distributions may drive idiosyncratic changes in other life-history traits, for which we observed no general evolutionary syndrome at range edges. These findings go along a stochastic view of trait evolution during range expansion and question how to draw predictive projections of species' distribution shifts under current global change.</p>
Data from: Nitrogen addition and warming modulate the pathogen impact on plant biomass by shifting intraspecific functional traits and reducing species richness
<p><span>1. </span><span>Foliar fungal pathogens can substantially reduce plant biomass. This effect can be modulated by environment conditions, such as soil nitrogen availability and air temperature. The ongoing global changes are altering these variables and thus interact with pathogens to influence plant biomass, but experimental test of their interactions is scarce. </span></p> <p><span>2. </span><span>We conducted a 4-year field experiment in a Tibetan alpine meadow to examine the interactive effects of nitrogen addition, warming and foliar pathogens (via fungicide application) on plant biomass. We also measured plant functional traits, species richness and abundance to test the possible mechanisms underlying these interactions. </span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>Our results showed that foliar fungal pathogens reduced plant community biomass under nitrogen addition, which in turn weakened the positive nitrogen effect on community biomass. Mechanistically, nitrogen addition shifted the plant communities towards fast-growing traits; this happened predominantly because of changes in within-species trait values, including an increase in specific leaf area and height. These trait changes resulted in greater suppression of plant biomass by pathogens, likely because of the trade-offs associated with the allocation of resources to plant growth and defense. Moreover, the reduction in species richness amplified the pathogen effect under nitrogen addition due to the increased density and susceptibility of the most dominant species (i.e. Kobresia capillifolia). Furthermore, warming did not interact with pathogens and nitrogen addition to influence plant community biomass, but their three-way interaction modified the biomass of K. capillifolia. Specifically, warming enhanced the positive effect of nitrogen addition on the biomass of K. capillifolia in the fungicide, low infection plots, while it weakened the nitrogen effect in the no fungicide, high infection plots.</span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>Synthesis:</span> <span>Our results demonstrate how pathogens interact with nitrogen addition and warming to influence the biomass of dominant species and the whole plant community. Our study highlights the importance of considering foliar fungal pathogens when assessing ecosystem responses to multiple global change factors.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.