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102 results for “tree conservation”
Data for: Population genomics and conservation management of the threatened black-footed tree-rat (Mesembriomys gouldii) in northern Australia
<p>Genomic diversity is a fundamental component of Earth's total biodiversity and requires explicit consideration in efforts to conserve biodiversity. To conserve genomic diversity, it is necessary to measure its spatial distribution and quantify the contribution that any intraspecific evolutionary lineages make to overall genomic diversity. Here, we describe the range-wide population genomic structure of a threatened Australian rodent, the black-footed tree-rat (<em>Mesembriomys</em> <em>gouldii</em>), aiming to provide insight into the timing and extent of population declines across a large region with a dearth of long-term monitoring data. By estimating recent trajectories in effective population sizes at four localities, we confirm widespread population decline across the species' range, but find that the population in the peri-urban area of the Darwin region has been more stable. Based on current sampling, the Melville Island population made the greatest contribution to overall allelic richness of the species, and the prioritisation analysis suggested that conservation of the Darwin and Cobourg Peninsula populations would be the most cost-effective scenario to retain more than 90% of all alleles. Our results broadly confirm current sub-specific taxonomy and provide crucial data on the spatial distribution of genomic diversity to help prioritise limited conservation resources. Along with additional sampling and genomic analysis from the far eastern and western edges of the black-footed tree-rat distribution, we suggest a range of conservation and research priorities that could help improve black-footed tree-rat population trajectories at large and fine spatial scales, including the retention and expansion of structurally complex habitat patches.</p>
Scale insects contribute to spider conservation in urban trees and shrubs
<p>Urbanization filters arthropod communities and selects for species tolerant of urban conditions. Spiders are key generalist predators in urban ecosystems, but certain spider families are rare in cities compared to rural areas. The unique arthropod communities found in different tree species likely affect their ability to conserve spiders by providing different prey resources. If arthropods disperse from trees to plants growing below trees, the conservation benefits of the arthropod communities found in trees may also extend to plants growing beneath them. Certain urban tree species can host high densities of scale-insects and other arthropods that may provide important prey resources for spiders. To assess the conservation value of different arthropod communities in urban trees, we collected spiders from scale-infested and scale-uninfested trees and from shrubs under these trees. We used hanging cup traps to collect spiders that fell from both tree types. Spider abundance was greater within, and in shrubs below, scale-infested compared to scale-uninfested trees. Scale-infested trees hosted more orb web weaving spiders than scale-uninfested trees. Shrubs under scale-infested trees hosted more hunting, orb web weaving, and space web weaving spiders than shrubs under uninfested trees. Our findings suggest that scale-infested urban trees, and the robust arthropod communities they support, conserve certain spider guilds, and these benefits extend to other plants in the landscape.</p> <p><strong>Implications for insect conservation:</strong> The ability of urban trees to conserve spider communities is in part attributable to the abundance of potential prey available within trees. Therefore, tolerating pests such as scale insects in urban trees can conserve spider communities both within trees and in shrubs planted below these trees.</p>
Data from: Native shade trees aid bird conservation in tea plantations in southern India
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Data for: Population genomics and conservation management of the threatened black-footed tree-rat (Mesembriomys gouldii) in northern Australia
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Scale insects contribute to spider conservation in urban trees and shrubs
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Data from: Natal dispersal of tree sloths in a human-dominated landscape: implications for tropical biodiversity conservation
1. Habitat loss and fragmentation resulting from the conversion of tropical forests are among the most important threats to biodiversity globally. Habitat specialists and species with low dispersal capacity are expected to be the most sensitive to such changes. Relatively little is known, however, about how habitat change and life history interact to impact natal dispersal and population viability in tropical species. 2. Here, we characterized natal dispersal patterns, habitat selection, and survival rates in two-toed (Choloepus hoffmanni) and three-toed (Bradypus variegatus) sloths within a human-dominated tropical landscape in Costa Rica consisting of a shade-grown cacao plantation surrounded by riparian forests and cattle pastures. 3. Radio-marked individuals of both species preferentially selected tropical forests during natal dispersal and were commonly observed using riparian forest buffers for dispersal. The more specialized and sedentary three-toed sloth, however, avoided both pastures and shade-grown cacao for dispersal, whereas two-toed sloths only avoided pastures. 4. Juvenile survival was lower for three-toed than two-toed sloths, and was lowest immediately following maternal independence for both species. Despite interspecific differences, juvenile survival was high and sufficient to maintain stable populations of both species. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate that tropical forest conversion is more likely to impact the natal dispersal success of specialized and dispersal-limited species. Moreover, riparian forest buffers appear to provide critical corridors for maintaining such species, and biodiversity more broadly, in modified tropical landscapes.07-Feb-2018
Data from: Variation in population structure and dynamics of montane forest tree species in Ethiopia guide priorities for conservation and research
The greatest extent of Afromontane environments in the world is found in Ethiopia. These areas support exceptional biodiversity, but forest cover and ecological integrity have declined sharply in recent decades. Conservation and management efforts are hampered in part by an inadequate understanding of the basic ecology of major tree species. We investigated population structure and inferred population dynamics from size frequency distributions of 22 forest tree species encountered in montane forests of Ethiopia. We collected new empirical data from four sites in the Bale Mountains, where some of the country's most extensive and least disturbed forests remain, and conducted a systematic review and analysis of all such studies that reported population structure for one or more of these species in Ethiopia. Thirteen widespread montane tree species showed a reverse-J size distribution, indicating a relatively stable population structure. Six other species had size-frequency distributions that indicate episodic recruitment and/or removal of certain size classes. Specific causes of these patterns are uncertain: they may involve timber harvesting, herbivory, fire, or natural disturbances, but patterns were inconsistent and locality dependent. For three other tree species, existing data are inadequate for any interpretation of population structure and dynamics. A species of particular conservation concern that emerged from this analysis was Hagenia abyssinica, which was found in all areas to consist only of larger individuals with no recent recruitment. For management and conservation purposes, the species in most urgent need of new research are those with inadequate or inconsistent data, and H. abyssinica..
Climate warming could free cold-adapted trees from C-conservative allocation strategy of storage over growth
<p>Carbon allocation has been fundamental for long-lived trees to survive cold stress at their upper elevation range limit. Although carbon allocation between NSC (non-structural carbohydrate) storage and structural growth is well-documented, it still remains unclear how ongoing climate warming influences these processes, particularly whether these two processes will shift in parallel or respond divergently to warming. Using a combination of an in situ downward-transplant warming experiment and an ex situ chamber warming treatment, we investigated how subalpine fir trees at their upper elevation limit coordinated carbon allocation priority among different sinks (e.g., NSC storage and structural growth) at whole-tree level in response to elevated temperature. We found that transplanted individuals from the upper elevation limit to lower elevations generally induced an increase in specific leaf area, but there was no detected evidence of warming effect on leaf-level saturated photosynthetic rates. Additionally, our results challenged the expectation that climate warming will accelerate structural carbon accumulation while maintaining NSC constant. Instead, individuals favored allocating available carbon to NSC storage over structural growth after one year of warming, despite the amplification in total biomass encouraged by both in situ and ex situ experimental warming. Unexpectedly, continued warming drove a regime shift in carbon allocation priority, which was manifested in the increase of NSC storage in synchrony to structural growth enhancement. These findings imply that climate warming would release trees at their cold edge from C-conservative allocation strategy of storage over structural growth. Thus, understanding the strategical regulation of the carbon allocation priority and the distinctive function of carbon sink components is of great implication for predicting tree fate in the future climate warming.</p>
Fig. 2 in Bird Diversity Differs Between Industrial Tree Plantations On Borneo: Implications For Conservation Planning
Fig. 2. Species accumulation curves for (A) Sabah Softwoods and (B) Sarawak Planted Forest Project.
Data for: Shifts in plant-invertebrate interactions between wild and ex-situ conservation populations of a critically endangered tree
<p>Ex-situ conservation is an effective approach to prevent the extinction of endangered species. Biotic interactions (eg herbivory and pollination) are critical to ex-situ conservation success, including plant establishment, survival, and reproduction. However, shifts in biotic interactions between wild and ex-situ populations are still poorly understood. We compared herbivory and pollination characteristics between the only wild population (WP) and three ex-situ populations (LP, local population, nearby WP; NP, north population, ca. 850 km; and SP, south population, ca. 750 km) of a critically endangered tree species (<em>Sinojackia huangmeiensis</em>) to explore the latitudinal changes in plant-invertebrate interactions. Larvae of the Limacodidae family were the dominant herbivores in WP, LP, and NP, while the only herbivore observed in SP was a snail. Compared to WP, the leaf herbivory rate was unchanged in LP but decreased in NP and SP. Leaf defense traits (total phenols, tannins, leaf thickness, and leaf dry matter content) increased or remained unchanged in the three ex-situ populations. A pollinator (<em>Apis cerana</em>) of <em>S. huangmeiensis</em> was present in the four populations. NP and SP lacked some pollinators that were found in both WP and LP, but they shared one pollinator that was not observed in WP and LP. The pollinator visiting frequency increased in SP, while it did not change significantly in LP and NP. Synthesis and applications: Our results suggested that both herbivory and pollination of <em>S. huangmeiensis</em> changed in ex-situ populations, with complete or partial changes in herbivores, leaf herbivory rate, pollinators, pollinator visiting frequency, and fruit set in the two distant ex-situ populations. This work provides a unique empirical study of shifts in both antagonistic and mutualistic biotic interactions between wild and ex-situ populations. We emphasized that it is essential to integrate herbivore and pollinator management in future ex-situ conservation of plant species.</p>
Repeated mapped tree inventory data in a tree plantation for pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) genetic conservation
<p>We performed replicated, repeated mapped tree inventory measures (x,y, height, diameter, vitality, etc.) to allow analysis of the spatial and temporal structure in 1 ha planted pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) stand established in 2003 to resemble the oak-hornnbeam forests for genetic conservation purposes in Po Valley (Foresta Carpaneta). Two inventories were carried out in 2009 and 2019. The use of replicated, repeated, and mapped tree measures allows the examination of true changes in spatial pattern processes through time in this forest type.</p>
Data from: Variation in population structure and dynamics of montane forest tree species in Ethiopia guide priorities for conservation and research
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Climate warming could free cold-adapted trees from C-conservative allocation strategy of storage over growth
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Data from: Peeking under the bark: Within-tree densities of the spruce bark beetle (<em>Ips typographus</em>) and its enemies in forest conservation areas
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Data from: Natal dispersal of tree sloths in a human-dominated landscape: implications for tropical biodiversity conservation
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Data on composition and structure of trees inside and outside of forests in Guanacaste, Costa Rica: comparisons among conservation areas, fencerows, and municipal parks
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Data for: Shifts in plant-invertebrate interactions between wild and ex-situ conservation populations of a critically endangered tree
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Tree Rings, Glacial Park, McHenry County Conservation District, Illinois
Both increases in temperature and changes in precipitation may limit future tree growth, but rising atmospheric CO2 could offset some of these stressors through increased plant Water Use Efficiency (WUE). The net balance between the negative impacts of climate change and positive effects of CO2 on tree growth will be most important for systems already at plant physiological limits, where increased climate stress could drive mortality and shifts in range distribution. Here, we quantify the effects of climate, stand structure, and rising CO2 on both annual tree-ring growth increment and WUE at a savanna-forest boundary in the Upper Midwest United States. Taking a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach, we find that plant WUE increased by ~13-25% over the course of the 20th century, but on average, tree-ring growth increments do not significantly increase. Consistent with higher WUE under increased CO2 and recent wetting, we observe a decrease in sensitivity of tree growth to annual precipitation, leading to 25-65% higher growth under dry conditions compared to trees of similar age and size in the past. However, an emerging interaction between summer maximum temperatures and annual precipitation diminishes the water-savings benefit under hot and dry conditions. Both the decrease in precipitation sensitivity, and the interaction between temperature and precipitation are strongest in open canopy microclimates, suggesting that stand structure may modulate response to future changes. Overall, we find that while higher WUE may provide some water savings benefits to growth under normal drought conditions, near-term future temperature increases combined with drought events could drive growth declines of over 50%. These products are used in the manucript, Heilman et al., 2020, Increased water use efficiency leads to decreased precipitation sensitivity of tree growth, but is offset by high temperatures. Submitted for review. The tree rings in this data package and those in ms
Provisioning forest and conservation science with European tree species distribution models under climate change
<p>Estimating shifts in the current range of forest tree species is crucial for formulating adaptive management strategies such as assisted migration. Ecological niche models have been the most widely used tools to estimate the potential climatic suitability of species worldwide. The reliability of such estimations depends on the model algorithm and the input data such as climate and species occurrence. We developed a dataset of the potential distribution of seven ecologically and economically important tree species of Europe in terms of their climatic suitability with an ensemble approach while accounting for uncertainty due to model algorithms. The distribution models shall be the basis for follow-up studies in forest and conservation science.</p>
Diversity and conservation of saproxylic beetles in 42 European tree species: an experimental approach using early successional stages of branches
<p><strong>Correction: In the original version of this dataset, the non‐native <em>Prunus serotina</em> was incorrectly interchanged with the native <em>Prunus padus</em>, and eight individuals of saproxylic beetles were incorrectly removed from the data when splitting beetles in saproxylic and non‐saproxylic species. The correct tree species is <em>Prunus serotina</em>, and results refer to a total of 113 species of saproxylic beetles and 30,550 individuals. </strong></p> <p>1. Tree species diversity is important to maintain saproxylic beetle diversity in managed forests. However, knowledge about the conservational importance of single tree species and implications for forest management and conservation practices are lacking.</p> <p>2. We exposed freshly cut branch-bundles of 42 tree species, representing tree species native and non-native to Europe, under sun-exposed and shaded conditions for one year. Afterwards, communities of saproxylic beetles were reared ex-situ for two years. We tested for the impact of tree species and sun exposure on alpha-, beta-, and gamma diversity as well as composition of saproxylic beetle communities.</p> <p>3. Tree species had a lower impact on saproxylic beetle communities compared to sun exposure. The diversity of saproxylic beetles varied strongly among tree species, with highest alpha- and gamma-diversity found in <i>Quercus petraea</i>. Red-listed saproxylic beetle species occurred ubiquitously among tree species. We found distinct differences in the community composition of broadleaved and coniferous tree species, native and non-native tree species as well as sun-exposed and shaded deadwood.</p> <p>4. Our study enhances the understanding of the importance of previously understudied and non-native tree species for the diversity of saproxylic beetles. To improve conservation practices for saproxylic beetles and especially red-listed species, we suggest a stronger incorporation of tree species diversity and sun exposure into forest management strategies, including the enrichment of deadwood from native tree species and with a specific focus on locally rare or silvicultural less important tree species.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.