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63 results for “tree crowns”
Data from: How do attached crown parts and branches contribute to the diversity of saproxylic fungi and beetles in downed and decaying spruce trees?
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Data from: Scale-dependent responses to environmental fluctuations in tropical tree species’ crown temperatures
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Supporting Data: Monitoring spring phenology of individual tree crowns using drone-acquired NDVI data
<p>This data supports the RSEC publication: "Monitoring spring phenology of individual tree crowns using drone-acquired NDVI data"</p> <p>GeoTIFF:</p> <p>NDVI and green band orthomosaics from data acquired using a Parrot Sequoia camera mounted on a 3DR Solo quadcopter drone. Filename indicates data capture date (YYYY-MM-DD).</p> <p>Shapefiles:</p> <p>Shapefiles with tree ROIs and corresponding species class, described in ReadMe file.</p>
Data from: Crown asymmetry in high latitude forests: disentangling the directional effects of tree competition and solar radiation
Light foraging by trees is a fundamental process shaping forest communities. In heterogeneous light environments this behavior is expressed as plasticity of tree growth and the development of structural asymmetries. We studied the relative influence of neighborhood structure and directional solar radiation on horizontal asymmetry of tree crowns in late-successional high latitude (67–68°N) forests in northern Fennoscandia. We described crown asymmetries as crown vectors (i.e. horizontal vectors from stem center to crown center), which we obtained from canopy maps based on crown perimeter measurements in the field. To disentangle the influence of the two main determinants, inter-tree competition and directionality of above-canopy solar radiation at high latitudes, we applied circular statistical models, utilizing cylindrical distributions, to these data consisting of orientations and intensities of crown asymmetry. At the individual tree level, our model predicted crown asymmetry vectors from the current stand structure, and the predictions became better when the intensity of asymmetry (i.e. crown vector length) was higher. Competition was the main determinant of crown asymmetry for 2/3 of trees, and the model predictions improved when we incorporated the directionality of solar radiation. At the stand-level, these asymmetries had resulted in a small increment of the projected canopy area and an increased regularity of spatial structure. Our circular statistical modelling approach provided a quantitative evaluation of the relative importance of directionality of solar radiation and neighborhood stand structure, showing how both of these factors play a role in formation of crown asymmetries in high latitude forests. This approach further demonstrated the applicability of circular statistical modeling in ecological studies where the response variable has both orientation and intensity.
Data from: Neighbour species richness and local structural variability modulate aboveground allocation patterns and crown morphology of individual trees
<p>Local neighbourhood interactions are considered a main driver for biodiversity–productivity relationships in forests. Yet, the structural responses of individual trees in species mixtures and their relation to crown complementarity remain poorly understood. Using a large‐scale forest experiment, we studied the impact of local tree species richness and structural variability on above‐ground wood volume allocation patterns and crown morphology. We applied terrestrial laser scanning to capture the three‐dimensional structure of trees and their temporal dynamics. We found that crown complementarity and crown plasticity increased with species richness. Trees growing in species‐rich neighbourhoods showed enhanced aboveground wood volume both in trunks and branches. Over time, neighbourhood diversity induced shifts in wood volume allocation in favour of branches, in particular for morphologically flexible species. Our results demonstrate that diversity‐mediated shifts in allocation pattern and crown morphology are a fundamental mechanism for crown complementarity and may be an important driver of overyielding.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Role of axis reversal from the short-shoot to long-shoot habit for crown maintenance in slow-growing Betula maximowicziana trees
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Branch growth and its spatial arrangement determine tree crown architecture and leaf display, and thus the productivity of trees. Branch axes elongate by the sequential production of shoots with differing morphology and function, such as short shoots and long shoots. This study investigated ontogenetic changes in axis growth in Betula maximowicziana and quantified the role of axis reversal between the short-shoot and long-shoot habit, particularly reversal from the short-shoot to long-shoot habit. METHODS: From eight trees with varying levels of growth vigor, 716 branch axes forming the basic crown architecture were sampled. Past growth of the branch axes was reconstructed from leaf and bud scale scars, and compared between slow-growing and vigorously growing trees. KEY RESULTS: Branch axes reversed more frequently between the long- and short-shoot habits in slow-growing trees than in vigorously growing trees. Short-shoot-origin axes that reversed to the long-shoot habit lived for longer periods and grew larger than axes that remained in the short-shoot habit. Short-shoot-origin axes reversed as they grew away from branch apices, typically more than 6 years after they had originated. CONCLUSIONS: Reversal of short-shoot-origin axes to the long-shoot habit is an endogenous growth process of trees with reduced vigor. Like epicormic branching, the reversal may contribute to the maintenance of productivity of large old trees by prolonging axis longevity and filling the inner part of the crown. This study presented an ontogenetic change in branch growth, which broadened our perspectives on the growth and survival of long-living trees.
Data from: Tropical tree height and crown allometries for the Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Panama: a comparison of alternative hierarchical models incorporating interspecific variation in relation to life history traits
Tree allometric relationships are widely employed for estimating forest biomass and production and are basic building blocks of dynamic vegetation models. In tropical forests, allometric relationships are often modeled by fitting scale-invariant power functions to pooled data from multiple species, an approach that fails to capture changes in scaling during ontogeny and physical limits to maximum tree size and that ignores interspecific differences in allometry. Here, we analyzed allometric relationships of tree height (9884 individuals) and crown area (2425) with trunk diameter for 162 species from the Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Panama. We fit nonlinear, hierarchical models informed by species traits – wood density, mean sapling growth, or sapling mortality – and assessed the performance of three alternative functional forms: the scale-invariant power function and the saturating Weibull and generalized Michaelis–Menten (gMM) functions. The relationship of tree height with trunk diameter was best fit by a saturating gMM model in which variation in allometric parameters was related to interspecific differences in sapling growth rates, a measure of regeneration light demand. Light-demanding species attained taller heights at comparatively smaller diameters as juveniles and had shorter asymptotic heights at larger diameters as adults. The relationship of crown area with trunk diameter was best fit by a power function model incorporating a weak positive relationship between crown area and species-specific wood density. The use of saturating functional forms and the incorporation of functional traits in tree allometric models is a promising approach for improving estimates of forest biomass and productivity. Our results provide an improved basis for parameterizing tropical plant functional types in vegetation models.
Species-level tree crown maps improve predictions of tree recruit abundance in a tropical landscape
<p>Predicting forest recovery at landscape scales will aid forest restoration efforts. The first step in successful forest recovery is tree recruitment. Forecasts of tree recruit abundance, derived from the landscape-scale distribution of seed sources (i.e. adult trees), could assist efforts to identify sites with high potential for natural regeneration. However, previous work has revealed wide variation in the effect of seed sources on seedling abundance, from positive to no effect. We quantified the relationship between adult tree seed sources and tree recruits, and predicted where natural recruitment would occur in a fragmented tropical agricultural landscape. We integrated species-specific tree crown maps generated from hyperspectral imagery and property boundaries data on individual property ownership with field data on the spatial distribution of tree recruits from five species. We then developed hierarchical Bayesian models to predict landscape-scale recruit abundance. Our models revealed that species-specific maps of tree crowns improved recruit abundance predictions. Conspecific crown area had a much stronger impact on recruitment abundance (8.00% increase in recruit abundance when conspecific tree density increases from zero to one tree; 95% CI: 0.80 to 11.57%) than heterospecific crown area (0.03% increase with the addition of a single heterospecific tree, 95% CI: -0.60 to 0.68%).Individual property ownership was also an important predictor of recruit abundance: the best performing model had varying effects of conspecific and heterospecific crown area on recruit abundance, depending on individual property ownership. We demonstrate how novel remote sensing approaches and cadastral data can be used to generate high-resolution and landscape-level maps of tree recruit abundance. Spatial models parameterized with field, cadastral, and remote sensing data are poised to assist decision support for forest landscape restoration.</p>
On following pages: 57. Yellow-crowned Brush-tailed Rat (/sothrix bistriata); 58. Plain Brush-tailed Rat (/sothrix pagurus); 59. Sinnamary Brush-tailed Rat (/sothrix sinnamariensis); 60. Tuft-tailed Spiny Tree-rat (Lonchothrix emiliae); 61. Ferreira's Spiny Tree-rat (Mesomys hispidus); 62. Long-haired Spiny Tree-rat (Mesomys leniceps); 63. Hidden Spiny Tree-rat (Mesomys occultus); 64. Para Spiny Tree-rat (Mesomys stimulax); 65. Amazon Bamboo Rat (Dactylomys dactylinus); 66. Bolivian Bamboo Rat (Dactylomys boliviensis); 67. Montane Bamboo Rat (Dactylomys peruanus); 68. Atlantic Bamboo Rat (Kannabateomys amblyonyx); 69. White-tailed Olalla Rat (Olallamys albicauda); 70. Greedy Olalla Rat (Olallamys edax). in Echimyidae
On following pages: 57. Yellow-crowned Brush-tailed Rat (/sothrix bistriata); 58. Plain Brush-tailed Rat (/sothrix pagurus); 59. Sinnamary Brush-tailed Rat (/sothrix sinnamariensis); 60. Tuft-tailed Spiny Tree-rat (Lonchothrix emiliae); 61. Ferreira's Spiny Tree-rat (Mesomys hispidus); 62. Long-haired Spiny Tree-rat (Mesomys leniceps); 63. Hidden Spiny Tree-rat (Mesomys occultus); 64. Para Spiny Tree-rat (Mesomys stimulax); 65. Amazon Bamboo Rat (Dactylomys dactylinus); 66. Bolivian Bamboo Rat (Dactylomys boliviensis); 67. Montane Bamboo Rat (Dactylomys peruanus); 68. Atlantic Bamboo Rat (Kannabateomys amblyonyx); 69. White-tailed Olalla Rat (Olallamys albicauda); 70. Greedy Olalla Rat (Olallamys edax).
Data and code from: A spectral three-dimensional color space model of tree crown health
<p>Protecting the future of forests in the United States and other countries depends in part on our ability to monitor and map forest health conditions in a timely fashion to facilitate management of emerging threats and disturbances over a multitude of spatial scales. Remote sensing data and technologies have contributed to our ability to meet these needs, but existing methods relying on supervised classification are often limited to specific areas by the availability of imagery or training data, as well as model transferability. Scaling up and operationalizing these methods for general broadscale monitoring and mapping may be promoted by using simple models that are easily trained and projected across space and time with widely available imagery. Here, we describe a new model that classifies high resolution (~1 m<sup>2</sup>) 3-band red, green, blue (RGB) imagery from a single point in time into one of four color classes corresponding to tree crown condition or health: green healthy crowns, red damaged or dying crowns, gray damaged or dead crowns, and shadowed crowns where the condition status is unknown. These Tree Crown Health (TCH) models trained on data from the United States (US) Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP), for all 48 States in the contiguous US and spanning years 2012 to 2019, exhibited high measures of model performance and transferability when evaluated using randomly withheld testing data (<em>n</em> = 122 NAIP state x year combinations; median overall accuracy 0.89-0.90; median Kappa 0.85-0.86). We present examples of how TCH models can detect and map individual tree mortality resulting from a variety of nationally significant native and invasive forest insects and diseases in the US. We conclude with discussion of opportunities and challenges for extending and implementing TCH models in support of broadscale monitoring and mapping of forest health.</p>
Data from: Neighbour species richness and local structural variability modulate aboveground allocation patterns and crown morphology of individual trees
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Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data on tree crown morphology and neighbourhood competition from both Cuellar and Alto Tajo, Spain
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Data from: Crown asymmetry in high latitude forests: disentangling the directional effects of tree competition and solar radiation
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Data from: Role of axis reversal from the short-shoot to long-shoot habit for crown maintenance in slow-growing Betula maximowicziana trees
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Tropical tree height and crown allometries for the Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Panama: a comparison of alternative hierarchical models incorporating interspecific variation in relation to life history traits
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Species-level tree crown maps improve predictions of tree recruit abundance in a tropical landscape
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Data from: The importance of crown dimensions to improve tropical tree biomass estimates
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Data and code from: A spectral three-dimensional color space model of tree crown health
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Figure 6 in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 6. Megaselia henrydisneyi female, details of abdomen. (A) Left cercus; (B) lobes at rear of sternum 8; (C) tergites 5–7. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figure 5 in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 5. Megaselia henrydisneyi male. (A) Frons (with bristles represented by their basal sockets only); (B) right face of hypopygium; (C) left face of hypopygium. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.