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112 results for “tropical mountains.”
Fig. 5 in Ghost species and optimal diversity: shared patterns between two tropical mountains within Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera)
Fig. 5. Altitudinal clustering for Doi Inthanon's whole-year trapping, using Neighbor Joining on Jaccard's dissimilarity index. Dominant families (in terms of abundances) are named on branches. Tips correspond to trap elevations.
Fig. 3 in Ghost species and optimal diversity: shared patterns between two tropical mountains within Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera)
Fig. 3. Regressions between altitude and Abundance (a), Richness (b), Simpson (c), Shannon (d), on Doi Inthanon (Thailand) during the whole Twin Peaks project (2014). Lines are represented when regressions were significant (p<0.05).
Fig. 4 in Ghost species and optimal diversity: shared patterns between two tropical mountains within Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera)
Fig. 4. Altitudinal clustering for Doi Inthanon (a) and Mount Wilhelm (b), using Neighbor Joining on Jaccard's dissimilarity index. Dominant families (in terms of abundances) are named on branches. Tips correspond to trap altitudes. On one specific branch (in (b)), "Equal" means that no families were particularly dominant.
Fig. 2 in Ghost species and optimal diversity: shared patterns between two tropical mountains within Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera)
Fig. 2. Regressions between altitude and Abundance (a), Richness (b), Simpson (c), Shannon (d), on Mount Wilhelm (Papua New Guinea) in 2012. Lines are represented when regressions were significant (p<0.05).
Data from: Phenological patterns of tropical mountain forest trees across the neotropics: Evidence from herbarium specimens
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Climate and plant structure determine the spatiotemporal butterfly distribution in a tropical mountain
Mountains are among the most powerful natural gradients for testing ecological and evolutionary responses of biota to environmental influences because differences in climate and plant structure occur over short spatial scales. We describe the spatiotemporal distribution patterns and drives of fruit-feeding butterfly diversity on the mountaineous region of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Seven elevations from 822 to 1388 m were selected for evaluating the effects of abiotic factors and vegetation characteristics on butterfly diversity. A total of 44 fruit-feeding butterfly species were recorded in a two-years study. Species richness (local and regional) of fruit-feeding butterflies decreased with increasing elevation. The interaction between temperature or humidity and precipitation influenced the abundance and β-diversity of butterflies in the altitudinal gradient, while β-diversity decreased with increasing plant richness. Butterfly richness (local and regional) and β-diversity varied with the sampling period, with fewer species in July (2012 and 2013), dry period, as expected for Neotropical insects. β-diversity in space and time was due to species replacement (turnover), indicating that butterfly composition differs throughout the mountain and over time. In summary, climate and plant richness largely influenced butterfly diversity in the altitudinal gradient. Climatic changes in conjunction with increasing anthropic impacts in mountainous regions of southeast Brazil will likely influence the community of mountaintop butterflies in Espinhaço Mountain Range.
Data from: Gene duplication, population genomics and species-level differentiation within a tropical mountain shrub
Gene duplication leads to paralogy, which complicates the de novo assembly of genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data. The issue of paralogous genes is exacerbated in plants, because they are particularly prone to gene duplication events. Paralogs are normally filtered from GBS data before undertaking population genomics or phylogenetic analyses. However, gene duplication plays an important role in the functional diversification of genes and it can also lead to the formation of postzygotic barriers. Using populations and closely related species of a tropical mountain shrub, we examine: (1) the genomic differentiation produced by putative orthologs, and (2) the distribution of recent gene duplication among lineages and geography. We find high differentiation among populations from isolated mountain peaks and species-level differentiation within what is morphologically described as a single species. The inferred distribution of paralogs among populations is congruent with taxonomy and shows that GBS could be used to examine recent gene duplication as a source of genomic differentiation of non-model species.
Elevational and local climate variability predicts thermal breadth of mountain tropical tadpoles
<p>The climate variability hypothesis posits that increased environmental thermal variation should promote species with broader thermal tolerance breadths, while stable environments should promote thermal specialists. This hypothesis has been tested on large spatial scales, such as latitude and elevation, but less so on smaller scales which reflect the experienced microclimate. Here, we estimated thermal tolerance limits of 75 species of amphibian tadpoles from an aseasonal tropical mountain range of the Ecuadorian Andes, distributed along a 3500 m elevational range, to test the climatic variability hypothesis at a large (elevation) and a small (microhabitat) scales. We show how species from less variable thermal habitats, such as lowlands and those restricted to streams, exhibit narrower thermal tolerance breadths than highland and pond-dwelling species respectively. Interestingly, while broader thermal tolerance breadths at large scales are driven by higher cold tolerance variation (heat-invariant hypothesis), at local scales they are driven by higher heat tolerance variation. This contrasting pattern may result from divergent selection on both thermal limits to face environmental thermal extremes at different scales. Specifically, within the same elevational window, exposure to extreme maximum temperatures could be avoided through habitat shifts from temporary ponds to permanent ponds or streams, while minimum peak temperatures remained invariable between habitats but steadily decreased with elevation. Therefore addressing the effects of habitat conversion is crucial for future research on resilience to climate change.</p>
Determinism and stochasticity in the spatial-temporal continuum of ecological communities: the case of tropical mountains
<p>Ecological communities are assembled in a spatial-temporal continuum. However, we still have a poor understanding of the relative importance of different mechanisms structuring community composition (i.e., beta-diversity) in space and time. In this study, we start by introducing a conceptual model that capitalizes upon the core-occasional species concept to predict that the assembly process in tropical mountains is driven by the deterministic turnover of core species in space via habitat sorting, but the turnover of occasional species through time via stochastic events of colonization and local extinctions. We then propose a general analytical framework that allows assessing these predictions by partitioning the total variance of a species-by-site-by-time matrix (i.e., total beta-diversity) among its purely spatial (variation in space independent of time), purely temporal (variation in time independent of space), and spatiotemporal (i.e., variation across different sites across different moments in time) components. Through simulation models, we provided theoretical support that the proposed analytical framework is suitable to test the predictions derived from our conceptual model. We then used this framework to identify general patterns and quantify the relative importance of processes underlying the spatial and temporal organization of ten distinct insect metacommunities along a tropical elevational gradient. As predicted, we found that, across taxa, spatial beta-diversity was mainly explained by environmental variation alone: a pattern that indicates the spatial turnover of core species. In contrast, temporal beta-diversity could not be distinguished from the expectation of null models where communities are simply represented by random draws from species pools: a pattern that indicates a temporal turnover of occasional species within communities. Taken together, our findings illustrate how our conceptual model and quantitative framework can articulate a better understanding of community assembly in space and time.</p>
Figure 3 in Living in a cold tropical mountain: do the microhabitat use and activity pattern change with elevation in the high-Andean lizard Stenocercus trachycephalus (Squamata: Tropiduridae)?
Figure 3. Activity patterns density curve along the three localities. Guanentá in dark gray, Las Moyas in light gray and La Chacua in gray.
Figure 1 in Living in a cold tropical mountain: do the microhabitat use and activity pattern change with elevation in the high-Andean lizard Stenocercus trachycephalus (Squamata: Tropiduridae)?
Figure 1. Study locations in the Andes eastern mountain range. (A) Guanentá, 3,750-3,950 m; (B) Las Moyas Páramo, 3,200 m; (C) La Chacua, 2,670 m.
Abundance of butterflies according to elevation, season and habitat in tropical mountain of Costa Rica
<p>The dataset is about a study of the diversity of butterflies in an elevational gradient in Costa Rica during two seasons and in two different habitats.</p>
Data from: Narrow thermal tolerance and low dispersal drive higher speciation in tropical mountains
Species richness is greatest in the tropics and much of this diversity is concentrated in mountains. Janzen (1967) proposed that reduced seasonal temperature variation selects for narrower thermal tolerances and limited dispersal along tropical elevation gradients. These locally adapted traits should, in turn, promote reproductive isolation and higher speciation rates in tropical mountains compared to temperate ones. Here we show that tropical and temperate montane stream insects have diverged in thermal tolerance and dispersal capacity, two key traits that are drivers of isolation in montane populations. Tropical species in each of three insect clades have markedly narrower thermal tolerances and lower dispersal than temperate species, resulting in significantly greater population divergence, higher cryptic species diversity, higher tropical speciation rates, and greater accumulation of species over time. Our study also indicates that tropical montane species, with narrower thermal tolerance and reduced dispersal ability, will be especially vulnerable to rapid climate change.
Data from: Multiple dimensions of bird beta diversity support that mountains are higher in the tropics
<p><b>Aim</b> We examine latitudinal effects of breeding bird taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional β-diversity (Tβ, Pβ and Fβ, respectively) along elevational gradients to test predictions derived from Janzen's (1967) classic ideas that tropical mountains represent stronger dispersal barriers than temperate mountains.</p> <p><b>Location</b> Global</p> <p><b>Taxon</b> Birds</p> <p><b>Methods</b> Using a global dataset from 46 mountains, we examine latitudinal patterns of Tβ, Pβ, and Fβ, and their components: β <sub>rich</sub> and β <sub>repl</sub>. For each mountain and each dimension of diversity we calculated (a) total β-diversity, (b) the steepness of distance decay patterns, and (c) within-mountain variability in pairwise β-diversity and regressed each one of these response variables against absolute latitude. We predicted that tropical montane biotas would have (1) overall higher Tβ, Pβ, and Fβ, (2) faster distance decay patterns and (3) higher within-mountain variability in pairwise β-diversity. Furthermore, we expected the richness component β <sub>rich</sub> to be more important in temperate mountains, and the replacement component β <sub>repl</sub> in tropical mountains.</p> <p><b>Results</b> Latitude had a negative effect on total β-diversity for all dimensions of diversity. Similarly, metrics of Tβ and Pβ mostly agree with our expectations, whereas Fβ showed contrasting results with steeper distance decay curves and higher within-mountain variability in temperate mountains. Overall, β <sub>rich</sub> was a more important component at high elevations in the tropics and across elevations in temperate mountains, and β <sub>repl </sub>more important in tropical low and mid-elevations.</p> <p><b>Main Conclusions</b> Our findings are consistent with tropical mountain assemblages containing species with narrow elevational distributions, low dispersal ability and potentially high allopatric speciation, resulting in high β-diversity across elevations. Contrasting results for Fβ indicate high niche packing in tropical assemblages, with most changes in functional diversity among assemblages involving species redundant in trait space. --</p>
Determinism and stochasticity in the spatial-temporal continuum of ecological communities: the case of tropical mountains
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Elevational and local climate variability predicts thermal breadth of mountain tropical tadpoles
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Floral Color Diversity: How Are Signals Shaped by Elevational Gradient on the Tropical–Subtropical Mountainous Island of Taiwan?
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Effects of species richness and turnover on ecosystem functioning in heterogeneous environments of two tropical mountains
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Climate and plant structure determine the spatiotemporal butterfly distribution in a tropical mountain
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Data from: Narrow thermal tolerance and low dispersal drive higher speciation in tropical mountains
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.