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opencc-by-4.0Aug 2014View details →

Fig. 3 in Trypanosomes of Australian mammals: A review

Fig. 3. Geographical locations of trypanosomes identified from Australian indigenous mammals- (a) all Trypanosoma spp., (b) Trypanosoma vegrandis only, (c) Trypanosoma sp. H25 only, (d) Trypanosoma copemani only (cross (x) = the possible identification from Tasmania in 1998) and (e) Trypanosoma lewisi only (circle (o) = records from indigenous mammals and asterisk (‡) = records from introduced mammals).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2013View details →

Fig. 2. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree for a 219 in Prevalence of filarioid nematodes and trypanosomes in American robins and house sparrows, Chicago USA

Fig. 2. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree for a 219 bp region of the trypanosome 18s rRNA gene. Underlined sequences are from this study. Sequences for additional Trypanosoma spp. were downloaded from NCBI Genbank for comparison and Bodo caudatus was used as an outgroup. Numbers by branches indicate statistical bootstrap support of À50%.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2013View details →

Fig. 1. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees for a 475 in Prevalence of filarioid nematodes and trypanosomes in American robins and house sparrows, Chicago USA

Fig. 1. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees for a 475 bp region of the 18S rRNA gene for filarioid nematodes (A) and a 529 bp region of the filarial nematode mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (B). Sequences were obtained from bird blood clots, bird tissues, or adult nematodes recovered from birds. Underlined sequences are from this study. Additional sequences for filarial nematode species were downloaded from NCBI Genbank for comparison and Thelazia lacrimalis and Caenorhabditis elegans were used as outgroups. Numbers by branches indicate statistical bootstrap support of À50%.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2015View details →

Fig. 3 in Field and experimental evidence of a new caiman trypanosome species closely phylogenetically related to fish trypanosomes and transmitted by leeches

Fig. 3. Proposed life cycle of T. clandestinus and its developmental and morphological features in caiman blood and leeches. Giemsa-stained blood smears showed blood trypomastigotes of experimentally-infected Caiman yacare, and epi- and trypomastigotes found in the gut of one leech of the genus Haementeria sp. collected in the mouth of a wild Cayman yacare captured in the Pantanal wetland of Brazil. The caiman and the leech trypanosomes were molecularly identified as T. clandestinus. (a‾c) epimastigotes; (b) epimastigote dividing by binary fission; (d, g) short trypomastigote; (e,f) long and thin trypomastigotes. Arrow points to the long and thin posterior extremity of very long and slender trypomastigotes. K, kinetoplast; N, nucleus; F, flagellum.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2015View details →

Fig. 2 in Field and experimental evidence of a new caiman trypanosome species closely phylogenetically related to fish trypanosomes and transmitted by leeches

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree (ML) based on gGAPDH sequences showing the Terrestrial and Aquatic clades of Trypanosoma and the positioning of T. clandestinus. The Crocodilian clade, which is formed by T. terena, T. ralphi, T. gray and Cay03 nests in the Terrestrial Clade whereas the Clandestinus clade comprising T. clandestinus nests in Aquatic clade. Typanosomatid genera other than Trypanosoma were used as outgroups in the phylogenetic trees (608 characters, Ln = —7611.897017). Numbers at nodes are bootstrap support (P/ML)>50% and Bayesian posterior probability>0.25 derived from 500 replicates.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in Field and experimental evidence of a new caiman trypanosome species closely phylogenetically related to fish trypanosomes and transmitted by leeches

Fig. 1. Geographical origin of crocodilian trypanosomes included in the V7V8 SSU rRNA dendrogram inferred to compare the barcode sequences between the new and known trypanosomes from crocodilians and other species of aquatic and semi aquatic hosts. The clade comprising T. clandestinus n. sp. nested into the Aquatic clade closely related to fish trypanosomes whereas sequences of the other new species formed the clade Cay03, which clustered with T. terena, T. grayi and T. ralphi in the Crocodilian Terrestrial clade. The host species and geographic origin and Genbank accession numbers of sequences from the crocodilian trypanosomes are shown in Table 1. Numbers at nodes are bootstrap support values>50% (P/ML) derived from 500 replicates.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2010View details →

Fig. 1 in Phylogenetic position of the freshwater fish trypanosome, Trypanosoma ophiocephali (Kinetoplastida) inferred from the complete small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequence

Fig. 1 The neighbor-joining tree of aquatic trypanosomes constructed from complete small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSrRNA) sequences indicating the systematic position of T. ophiocephali and phylogenetic relationships among the aquatic trypanosomes whose sequences are available. T. lewisi, T. theileri, and T. avium are taken as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are shown for the maximum parsimony/neighborjoining/Bayes analyses

Fig. 3 in Next generation sequencing reveals widespread trypanosome diversity and polyparasitism in marsupials from Western Australia

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationships between Trypanosoma sp. ANU2 and other members of the Trypanosoma genus. Maximum likelihood tree is shown. Neighbour-joining and maximumlikelihood bootstrap support followed by Bayesian posterior probability is shown at nodes, respectively. Genbank accession numbers follow species/genotype description. Trypanosoma species/genotypes isolated in Australia are in bold. Scale bar represents substitution per site.

Fig. 6 in Next generation sequencing reveals widespread trypanosome diversity and polyparasitism in marsupials from Western Australia

Fig. 6. Principle Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) plots demonstrating relationship between Trypanosoma spp. ZOTUs and host species. Dissimilarity matrices were generated using sqrt transformed Bray-Curtis distances to show distance between abundance of ZOTUs between host marsupial species; the woylie (blue squares) and brushtail possum (red circles). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Next generation sequencing reveals widespread trypanosome diversity and polyparasitism in marsupials from Western Australia

Fig. 2. Abundance and diversity map of Trypanosoma copemani genotype 1 (G1) and genotype 2 (G2) positive samples. ZOTUs were sorted into G1 or G2 based on phylogenetic inference shown in rows, while columns are individual marsupial blood samples from infected individuals. The map represents samples separated by host species, which were WOY = woylie, or BTP = brushtail possum. Grayscale indicates number of sequences obtained from that sample as shown in the scale of intensity on the right (log transformed abundance).

Fig. 5 in Next generation sequencing reveals widespread trypanosome diversity and polyparasitism in marsupials from Western Australia

Fig. 5. Trypanosoma spp. polyparasitism in 70 blood samples taken from marsupials in the Upper Warren Region. Marsupial species include: woylie (WOY), brushtail possum (BTP) and chuditch (CHU). Trypanosoma spp. include; C = Trypanosoma copemani, V = T. vegrandis, N = T. noyesi, G = T. gilletti, A = T. sp. ANU2, I = T. irwini, AT = T. sp. AAT, U = unknown, AA = T. avium, and CR = Crithidia spp.

Fig. 4 in Next generation sequencing reveals widespread trypanosome diversity and polyparasitism in marsupials from Western Australia

Fig. 4. Abundance and diversity map of Trypanosoma spp. ZOTUs in different marsupial blood samples assigned to species groups shown in rows, while columns are individual blood samples. Samples are separated by host species including; WOY = woylie (34), CHU = chuditch (3), and BTP = brushtail possum (33). The colour scale indicates increasing number of sequences obtained from that sample, in that species, as shown in the intensity bar on the right. Species include; C = Trypanosoma copemani, V = T. vegrandis, N = T. noyesi, G = T. gilletti, A = T. sp. ANU2, I = T. irwini, AT = T. sp. AAT, U = unknown, AA = T. avium, and CR = Crithidia spp. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 1 in Next generation sequencing reveals widespread trypanosome diversity and polyparasitism in marsupials from Western Australia

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic relationships between Trypanosoma spp. ZOTUs assigned to nine species groups compared to 24 representative reference strains downloaded from Genbank. Phytomonas serpens and Leptomonas sp. were used as outgroups. Bayesian analysis was used to produce tree topology and posterior probability is shown at nodes. Scale bar represents substitution per site.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2018View details →

Fig. 2 in Trypanosome co-infections increase in a declining marsupial population

Fig. 2. The proportion of woylie captures detected with (a) T. copemani and (b) T. vegrandis in individual sampling trips across the study period (n = 32, 8, 20, 6, 14, 29, 37, 54, 31, 31, 21, 25, 25, 32, 15, 13, 2, 8, 13, 11, 9, 8), with the x-axis representing continuous time. Error bars represent 95% Jeffrey's confidence intervals of prevalence estimates. Overlaid on prevalence estimates are the capture rates (the number of independent captures as a proportion of the total number of traps set, derived from Wayne et al., 2015) for each of the sampling periods to indicate the woylie population trends over the same period.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2018View details →

Fig. 3 in Trypanosome co-infections increase in a declining marsupial population

Fig. 3. The proportion of woylie captures detected with (a) T. copemani and (b) T. vegrandis across years (categorized into groups for plotting purposes: 2006–2007, 2008, 2009–2010, 2011–2012) for woylies that were either co-infected by the other trypanosome species (blue) or individuals not co-infected by the other trypanosome species (red). Error bars represent 95% Jeffrey's confidence intervals of prevalence estimates. Numbers above the x-axis represent the sample sizes for each group. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2018View details →

Fig. 1. A in Trypanosome co-infections increase in a declining marsupial population

Fig. 1. A map of Australia indicating the location of Keninup (our sampling site), with the location of Perth provided for reference.

Fig. 3 in Species-level identification of trypanosomes infecting Australian wildlife by High-Resolution Melting - Real Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (HRM-qPCR)

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic tree of seven Trypanosome species and subsequent genotypes constructed with sequences of the amplicons generated by the HRMqPCR primers.

Fig. 4 in Species-level identification of trypanosomes infecting Australian wildlife by High-Resolution Melting - Real Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (HRM-qPCR)

Fig. 4. Amplification plots, melt curves and standard curves of T. copemani, T. vegrandis G7 and T. noyesi G8 prepared from a plasmid containing trypanosome species.

Fig. 5. A-D in Species-level identification of trypanosomes infecting Australian wildlife by High-Resolution Melting - Real Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (HRM-qPCR)

Fig. 5. A-D: Derivative melt curves showing mock mixed infections generated from plasmid clones containing the following DNA: (A) T. noyesi G8 and T. copemani; (B) T. vegrandis G7 and T. copemani; (C) T. vegrandis G7 and T. noyesi G8; (D) T. vegrandis G7, T. noyesi G8 and T. copemani.

Fig. 1 in Species-level identification of trypanosomes infecting Australian wildlife by High-Resolution Melting - Real Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (HRM-qPCR)

Fig. 1. Multiple sequence alignment of a portion of the 18S rDNA of seven Trypanosome species and subsequent genotypes used to design the HRM-qPCR assays.