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66 results for “urban biodiversity”
Data from: Temperature accounts for the biodiversity of a hyperdiverse group of insects in urban Los Angeles
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Management of urban wetlands for conservation can reduce aquatic biodiversity and increase mosquito risk
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Data from: Multi-scalar drivers of biodiversity: local management mediates wild bee community response to regional urbanization
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Biodiversity dataset of vascular plants and birds in Chinese urban greenspace
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Multiple ecosystem service synergies and landscape-mediation of biodiversity within urban agroecosystems
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Biodiversity - Fauna - Soil Fauna - Relative frequency of terrestrial isopod species in urban and rural forests
Relative frequency of terrestrial isopod species in urban and rural forests Introduction The Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES) has established a network of long-term permanent forest plots. These plots will provide long-term data on vegetation, soil and hydrologic processes in the key ecosystem types within the urban ecosystem. The current network of study plots includes eight forest plots, chosen to represent the range of forest conditions in the area. The goal of the soil invertebrate survey was to compare community composition and abundance of soil macrofauna, primarily earthworms (Oligochatea), terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea), and millipedes (Diplopoda). Plot Locations and Characterizations In November of 1998 four rural, forested plots were established at Oregon Ridge Park in Baltimore County northeast of the Gwynns Falls Watershed. Oregon Ridge Park contains Pond Branch, the forested reference watershed for BES. Two of these four plots are located on the top of a slope; the other two are located midway up the slope. Four urban, forested plots were established in November 1998, two at Leakin Park and two adjacent to Hillsdale Park in west Baltimore City in the Gwynns Falls. One of the plots in Hillsdale Park was abandoned in 2004 due to continued vandalism. Plot locations: Hillsdale 1: 39�19'28.14"N, 76�42'16.49"W Hillsdale 2: 39�19'31.24"N, 76�42'28.62"W Leakin 1: 39�18'1.32"N, 76�41'37.08"W Leakin 2: 39�18'5.42"N, 76�41'34.15"W Oregon top-slope - 1: 39�28'51.11"N, 76�41'22.50"W Oregon mid-slope - 1: 39�28'51.32"N, 76�41'18.24"W Oregon top-slope - 2: 39�29'12.74"N, 76�41'22.88"W Oregon mid-slope - 2: 39�29'12.68"N, 76�41'18.62"W Soil arthropods were sampled between November 1999 and 2000 using pitfall traps. At each plot a total of ten traps were placed which were emptied monthly. Earthworms were sampled using a combination of formalin solution (Raw 1954) and mustard suspension. 50cm x 50cm quadrats were used. Earthworms samples were taken is spring, su
Data from: Evaluating the potential for bird-habitat models to support biodiversity-friendly urban planning
<ol> <li>Urban expansion poses a major threat to wildlife populations. Biodiversity-friendly urban landscapes could deliver benefits for both wildlife and people, by incorporating conservation and ecosystem services objectives. Well-designed urban developments could also soften the ecological impacts of urbanisation. However, delivering urban landscapes that integrate biodiversity requirements effectively remains challenging.</li> <li>Ecological models, designed to predict wildlife population responses to alternative urban designs, could prove effective in supporting the creation of biodiversity-friendly urban landscapes. Here, we combine national-scale bird abundance data with high resolution, spatially explicit habitat data to characterise relationships between bird densities and urban landscape form in Britain. From these analyses and cross-validation, we evaluate the potential for well-parameterised, species-specific models to be used to predict bird densities in novel or modified urban areas.</li> <li>Our analyses indicate that responses of bird abundance to urban habitat are species-specific and complex, with few variables consistently affecting a large proportion of species. However, contiguous areas of greenspace within urban sites are preferential for accommodating breeding birds, compared to a more fragmented arrangement of multiple, small greenspace patches. In combination, the bird-habitat relationships identified could successfully predict observed variation in abundance for most bird species considered.</li> <li>Further evaluation of habitat descriptor variables, spatial scales of species' habitat use and analytical modelling approaches may be needed to improve the predictive ability of bird-habitat models for certain species, particularly waterbirds and those observed less frequently in urban areas.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis and applications.</i> We modelled breeding bird abundance in built-up areas with respect to the characteristics and contexts of urban environments. While most variables were important for multiple species, responses overall were species-specific, so simple assemblage metrics, like diversity, will not describe the variation in bird communities well. However, the results illustrate the potential of an evidence-based, spatially explicit evaluation of urban development impacts on biodiversity, by predicting the consequences for bird numbers. Subject to verification of predictive ability, practitioners can apply the models to compare, for example, land-sparing and sharing within developments, or to quantify the biodiversity requirements for effective offsetting. This would be facilitated by incorporation into an online tool allowing user-determined input scenarios.</li> </ol>
Data and code for Chapter 1: An expanded scope of biodiversity in urban agriculture, with implications for conservation.
<p>Data and code for Chapter 1: An expanded scope of biodiversity in urban agriculture, with implications for conservation, in <em>Urban Agroecology: Interdisciplinary Research and Future Directions</em> (Monika Egerer and Hamutahl Cohen eds). CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Abingdon, UK</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Local and landscape scale variables shape insect diversity in an urban biodiversity hotspot.
<p>Local community structure is shaped by processes acting at local and landscape scales. The relative importance of drivers operating across different spatial scales are difficult to test without observations across regional or latitudinal gradients. Cities exhibit strong but predictable environmental gradients overlaying a mosaic of highly variable but repeated habitat types within a constrained area. Thus, cities present a unique opportunity to explore how both local and landscape factors influence local biotic communities. We used insect communities to examine the interactions among local environmental variables (such as temperature and relative humidity), local habitat characteristics (such as plant community composition), and broad-scale patterns of urbanization (including biophysical, human-built, and socio-economic variables) on local insect abundance, species richness, and species composition in Los Angeles, a hot, dry, near-desert city. After accounting for seasonal trends, insect species richness and abundance were highest in drier and hotter sites, but the magnitude of local environmental effects varied with the degree of urbanization. In contrast, insect species composition was best predicted by broad-scale urbanization trends, with the more native communities occurring in less urbanized sites and more cosmopolitan insects occurring in highly urbanized sites. However, insect species richness and abundance were >30% higher and insect composition was similar across sites that hosted either native or drought-tolerant plants, regardless of the degree of urbanization. These results demonstrate that urban insect biodiversity is a product of interacting mechanisms working at both local and landscape scales. However, local scale changes to urban habitats, such as cultivating plants that are adapted to the natural environment nearest the city, can positively impact urban biodiversity regardless of location.</p>
Data from: Plant population success across urban ecosystems – a framework to inform biodiversity conservation in cities
1. In a rapidly urbanising world, the ability of plant species to survive and build self-sustaining populations in urban environments is increasingly important for biodiversity conservation. Yet the contribution of cities to biodiversity conservation remains unclear because ecologists have studied biodiversity patterns, largely without considering the population establishment of plants and the ways in which different kinds of urban ecosystems harbour native and endangered plant species. These limitations can mislead conservation policies for cities. 2. To better-understand how urban ecosystems can contribute to biodiversity conservation, we propose a framework that links the population status (casual or established) of plant species with ecosystem novelty and highlights barriers to population establishment in different types of urban ecosystems, from natural remnants to novel ecosystems. 3. To quantify the relative importance of natural remnants vs. human-shaped ecosystems for the conservation of self-sustaining urban plant populations we re-analyse a unique dataset from a metropolitan region in Europe with information on the population status of 1199 plant species. 4. Results demonstrate that urban ecosystems harbour many established native and endangered species although a considerable share (37%) of species of conservation concern are confined to natural remnants. In hybrid and immature novel ecosystems, high species numbers reflect many species with only casual populations. The role of novel ecosystems as habitats for native and endangered plant species increases as novel ecosystems mature. 5. Synthesis and applications. General information about plant species richness in urban environments may mislead conservation policies as different kinds of urban ecosystems can play different roles in harbouring species of conservation concern. Moreover, presence-absence data can mask establishment failures of species. This proposed framework helps to distinguish between casual and established populations of plant species, and highlights barriers to population persistence in urban ecosystems; reflecting different land uses and land use histories over time. Revealing the role of natural remnants vs. hybrid vs. novel ecosystems as habitats for species of conservation concern illustrates opportunities for biodiversity conservation in all urban ecosystems and can support setting priorities for conservation.
FIGURES 53–62. Right wing, dorsal. 53. Megaselia mikejohnsoni. 54. Megaselia oxboroughae. 55. Megaselia pisanoi. 56. Megaselia renwickorum. 57. Megaselia rodriguezorum. 58. Megaselia sacatelensis. 59. Megaselia seaverorum. 60. Megaselia sidneyae. 61. Megaselia steptoeae. 62 in Opportunity in our Ignorance: Urban Biodiversity Study Reveals 30 New Species and One New Nearctic Record for Megaselia (Diptera: Phoridae) in Los Angeles (California, USA)
FIGURES 53–62. Right wing, dorsal. 53. Megaselia mikejohnsoni. 54. Megaselia oxboroughae. 55. Megaselia pisanoi. 56. Megaselia renwickorum. 57. Megaselia rodriguezorum. 58. Megaselia sacatelensis. 59. Megaselia seaverorum. 60. Megaselia sidneyae. 61. Megaselia steptoeae. 62. Megaselia wiegmanae.
FIGURES 28–30 in Opportunity in our Ignorance: Urban Biodiversity Study Reveals 30 New Species and One New Nearctic Record for Megaselia (Diptera: Phoridae) in Los Angeles (California, USA)
FIGURES 28–30. Habitus images (lateral). 28. Megaselia sidneyae. 29. Megaselia steptoeae. 30. Megaselia wiegmanae. FIGURE 31. Midfemur. Megaselia pisanoi.
FIGURES 19–27 in Opportunity in our Ignorance: Urban Biodiversity Study Reveals 30 New Species and One New Nearctic Record for Megaselia (Diptera: Phoridae) in Los Angeles (California, USA)
FIGURES 19–27. Habitus images (lateral). 19. Megaselia lombardorum. 20. Megaselia marquezi. 21. Megaselia mikejohnsoni. 22. Megaselia oxboroughae. 23. Megaselia pisanoi. 24. Megaselia renwickorum. 25. Megaselia rodriguezorum. 26. Megaselia sacatelensis. 27. Megaselia seaverorum..
FIGURES 75–80. Male genitalia, left lateral. 75. Megaselia hentschkeae. 76. Megaselia hoffmanorum. 77. Megaselia hoggorum. 78. Megaselia hoguei. 79. Megaselia isaacmajorum. 80 in Opportunity in our Ignorance: Urban Biodiversity Study Reveals 30 New Species and One New Nearctic Record for Megaselia (Diptera: Phoridae) in Los Angeles (California, USA)
FIGURES 75–80. Male genitalia, left lateral. 75. Megaselia hentschkeae. 76. Megaselia hoffmanorum. 77. Megaselia hoggorum. 78. Megaselia hoguei. 79. Megaselia isaacmajorum. 80. Megaselia kelleri
FIGURES 93–108 in Opportunity in our Ignorance: Urban Biodiversity Study Reveals 30 New Species and One New Nearctic Record for Megaselia (Diptera: Phoridae) in Los Angeles (California, USA)
FIGURES 93–108. Hypandria (ventral unless noted otherwise) 92. Megaselia armstrongorum. 93. Megaselia bradyi. 94. Megaselia brejchaorum. 95. Megaselia carthayensis. 96. Megaselia ciancii. 97. Megaselia creasoni. 98. Megaselia defibaughorum. 99. Megaselia donahuei. 100. Megaselia francoae. 101. Megaselia fujiokai. 102. Megaselia hardingorum. 103. Megaselia heini. 104. Megaselia hentschkeae. 105. Megaselia hentschkeae (detail left process). 106. Megaselia hoffmanorum. 107. Megaselia hoggorum. 108. Megaselia hoguei.
FIGURES 43–52. Right wing, dorsal. 43. Megaselia hardingorum. 44. Megaselia heini. 45. Megaselia hentschkeae. 46. Megaselia hoffmanorum. 47. Megaselia hoggorum. 48. Megaselia hoguei. 49. Megaselia isaacmajorum. 50. Megaselia kelleri. 51. Megaselia lombardorum. 52 in Opportunity in our Ignorance: Urban Biodiversity Study Reveals 30 New Species and One New Nearctic Record for Megaselia (Diptera: Phoridae) in Los Angeles (California, USA)
FIGURES 43–52. Right wing, dorsal. 43. Megaselia hardingorum. 44. Megaselia heini. 45. Megaselia hentschkeae. 46. Megaselia hoffmanorum. 47. Megaselia hoggorum. 48. Megaselia hoguei. 49. Megaselia isaacmajorum. 50. Megaselia kelleri. 51. Megaselia lombardorum. 52. Megaselia marquezi
FIGURES 1–9 in Opportunity in our Ignorance: Urban Biodiversity Study Reveals 30 New Species and One New Nearctic Record for Megaselia (Diptera: Phoridae) in Los Angeles (California, USA)
FIGURES 1–9. Habitus images (lateral). 1. Megaselia armstrongorum. 2. Megaselia bradyi. 3. Megaselia brejchaorum. 4. Megaselia carthayensis. 5. Megaselia ciancii. 6. Megaselia creasoni. 7. Megaselia defibaughorum. 8. Megaselia donahuei. 9. Megaselia francoae.
FIGURES 33–42. Right wing, dorsal. 33. Megaselia armstrongorum. 34. Megaselia bradyi. 35. Megaselia brejchaorum. 36. Megaselia carthayensis. 37. Megaselia ciancii. 38. Megaselia creasoni. 39. Megaselia defibaughorum. 40. Megaselia donahuei. 41. Megaselia francoae. 42 in Opportunity in our Ignorance: Urban Biodiversity Study Reveals 30 New Species and One New Nearctic Record for Megaselia (Diptera: Phoridae) in Los Angeles (California, USA)
FIGURES 33–42. Right wing, dorsal. 33. Megaselia armstrongorum. 34. Megaselia bradyi. 35. Megaselia brejchaorum. 36. Megaselia carthayensis. 37. Megaselia ciancii. 38. Megaselia creasoni. 39. Megaselia defibaughorum. 40. Megaselia donahuei. 41. Megaselia francoae. 42. Megaselia fujiokai.
FIGURES 87–92. Male genitalia, left lateral. 87. Megaselia rodriguezorum. 88. Megaselia sacatelensis. 89. Megaselia seaverorum. 90. Megaselia sidneyae. 91. Megaselia steptoeae. 92 in Opportunity in our Ignorance: Urban Biodiversity Study Reveals 30 New Species and One New Nearctic Record for Megaselia (Diptera: Phoridae) in Los Angeles (California, USA)
FIGURES 87–92. Male genitalia, left lateral. 87. Megaselia rodriguezorum. 88. Megaselia sacatelensis. 89. Megaselia seaverorum. 90. Megaselia sidneyae. 91. Megaselia steptoeae. 92. Megaselia wiegmanae.
FIGURES 109–124 in Opportunity in our Ignorance: Urban Biodiversity Study Reveals 30 New Species and One New Nearctic Record for Megaselia (Diptera: Phoridae) in Los Angeles (California, USA)
FIGURES 109–124. Hypandria (ventral unless noted otherwise) 109. Megaselia isaacmajorum. 110. Megaselia kelleri. 111. Megaselia lombardorum. 112. Megaselia marquezi. 113. Megaselia mikejohnsoni. 114. Megaselia oxboroughae. 115. Megaselia pisanoi. 116. Megaselia renwickorum. 117. Megaselia rodriguezorum. 118. Megaselia sacatelensis. 119. Megaselia seaverorum. 120. Megaselia sidneyae. 121. Megaselia sidneyae (detail left process). 122. Megaselia steptoeae. 123. Megaselia wiegmanae.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.