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55 results for “visual signal”
Sexual differences in defensive strategies: Investigating chemical defences and visual signals in a wasp moth Amata nigriceps
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Light environment interacts with visual displays in a species-specific manner in multimodal signaling wolf spiders
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Data from: Vomeronasal organ volume increases with body size and is dissociated with loss of a visual signal in Sceloporus lizards
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Visual and olfactory signals of conspecifics induce emotional contagion in mice
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Visual contagion in prey defense signals can enhance honest defense
<p>The co-evolutionary arms race between predators and their prey has led to complex signaling, especially in groups that benefit from the social transmission of alarm signals. In particular, pursuit deterrence signals can allow individuals and groups to indicate, at relatively low cost, that a predator’s further approach is futile. Pursuit deterrence signals are usually more effective if amplified by becoming contagious and rapidly spreading among prey without requiring individual prey to confirm predator presence. However, this can also lead to runaway false signaling. We provide the first evidence of a contagious pursuit deterrence signal in social insects. The Asian honey bee, <em>Apis cerana</em>, performs an I See You (ISY) signal that deters attacking hornets. We show that these signals also attract guard bees to enhance defensive signaling and that the visual movements of appropriate stimuli alone (hornets and ISY signaling bees, but not harmless butterflies) provide sufficient stimuli. Olfaction and other potential cues are not necessary. The ISY signal is visually contagious and is buffered from runaway false signalsbecause it is specifically triggered and, likely, by selection for honesty within the highly cooperative bee colony. These results expand our understanding of contagious signals and how they can be honestly maintained in highly cooperative collectives.</p>
Do visual traits honestly signal floral rewards at community level?
<p>1. The high variability observed in floral traits has been interpreted as resulting from the adaptation of plants to pollinators, as the latter present innate preferences for specific floral traits and impose selection over them. However, some pollinators such as bees can learn to associate floral signals with rewards, thus increasing floral constancy on more rewarding flowers. The integration of all these rewards and cues is markedly important at community level, where co-flowering species compete for pollinators. 2. In order to verify the honesty of the above mentioned signals, we examined the association between floral visual signals (size, colour, symmetry and floral display) and rewards (pollen and nectar) for 98 species in a Mediterranean community. The associations between floral traits were analysed considering the phylogenetic relationship between the different species. 3. Flower colour, size, pollen volume, or amount of sucrose exhibited no phylogenetic signal, which suggests an adaptive evolution in response to different conditions in the pollinator community. Flower size was seen to constitute the most honest signal for pollinators, as this was significantly associated with quantities of pollen and nectar. In contrast, nectar concentration was observed to be positively associated with chromatic contrast. We detected no relationship between flower shape and rewards, on the one hand, or between flower display and rewards, on the other. 4. Our study unequivocally demonstrates the correlation between rewards and the visual signals perceived by bees, the most effective pollinators in the Mediterranean Basin. In the community studied, bees employed flower size at longer distances and chromatic contrast at shorter distances to predict rewards. The limited number of studies existing in this sense indicates that this kind of association appears to be community specific.</p>
Data from: Climate-related environmental variation in a visual signalling device: the male and female dewlap in Anolis sagrei lizards
Animals communicate using a variety of signals that differ dramatically among and within species. The astonishing dewlap diversity in anoles has attracted considerable attention in this respect. Yet, the evolutionary processes behind it remain elusive and have mostly been explored for males only. Here, we considered Anolis sagrei males and females to study signal divergence among populations. First, we assessed the degree of variation in dewlap design (size, pattern, colour) and displays by comparing 17 populations distributed across the Caribbean. Second, we assessed whether the observed dewlap diversity is associated to variation in climate-related environmental conditions. Results showed that populations differed in all dewlap characteristics, with the exception of display rate in females. We further found that males and females occurring in 'xeric' environments had a higher proportion of solid dewlaps with higher UV-reflectance. In addition, lizards inhabiting 'mesic' environments had primarily marginal dewlaps showing high reflectance in red. For dewlap display, a correlation with environment was only observed in males. Our study provides evidence for a strong relationship between signal design and prevailing environmental conditions, which may result from differential selection on signal efficacy. Moreover, our study highlights the importance of including females when studying dewlaps in an evolutionary context.
Data from: Disentangling visual and olfactory signals in mushroom-mimicking Dracula orchids using realistic three-dimensional printed flowers
Flowers use olfactory and visual signals to communicate with pollinators. Disentangling the relative contributions and potential synergies between signals remains a challenge. Understanding the perceptual biases exploited by floral mimicry illuminates the evolution of these signals. Here, we disentangle the olfactory and visual components of Dracula lafleurii, which mimics mushrooms in size, shape, color and scent, and is pollinated by mushroom-associated flies. To decouple signals, we used three-dimensional printing to produce realistic artificial flower molds that were color matched and cast using scent-free surgical silicone, to which we could add scent. We used GC-MS to measure scents in co-occurring mushrooms, and related orchids, and used these scents in field experiments. By combining silicone flower parts with real floral organs, we created chimeras that identified the mushroom-like labellum as a source of volatile attraction. In addition, we showed remarkable overlap in the volatile chemistry between D. lafleurii and co-occurring mushrooms. The characters defining the genus Dracula – a mushroom-like, 'gilled' labellum and a showy, patterned calyx – enhance pollinator attraction by exploiting the visual and chemosensory perceptual biases of drosophilid flies. Our techniques for the manipulation of complex traits in a nonmodel system not conducive to gene silencing or selective breeding are useful for other systems.
Data from: Visual effects in great bowerbird sexual displays and their implications for signal design
It is often assumed that the primary purpose of a male's sexual display is to provide information about quality, or to strongly stimulate prospective mates, but other functions of courtship displays have been relatively neglected. Male great bowerbirds (Ptilonorhynchus nuchalis) construct bowers that exploit the female's predictable field of view (FOV) during courtship displays by creating forced perspective illusions, and the quality of illusion is a good predictor of mating success. Here, we present and discuss two additional components of male courtship displays that use the female's predetermined viewpoint: (i) the rapid and diverse flashing of coloured objects within her FOV and (ii) chromatic adaptation of the female's eyes that alters her perception of the colour of the displayed objects. Neither is directly related to mating success, but both are likely to increase signal efficacy, and may also be associated with attracting and holding the female's attention. Signal efficacy is constrained by trade-offs between the signal components; there are both positive and negative interactions within multicomponent signals. Important signal components may have a threshold effect on fitness rather than the often assumed linear relationship.
Can sensory drive explain the evolution of visual signal diversity in terrestrial species? A test with Anolis lizards
<p>Animal signal colors evolve to efficiently stimulate conspecific visual systems. The sensory drive hypothesis proposes that species differences in habitat light conditions favor the evolution of color diversity. The strongest support comes from aquatic systems, while terrestrial systems offer fewer convincing examples. Anolis lizards occupy diverse habitats and signal with a colorful dewlap. Dewlap visibility depends on perceived chromatic contrast with the background. Visual-system modeling has shown that red dewlaps are most visible in most habitat types. However, a majority of species possess white or yellow dewlaps. In a recent behavioral study we showed that low light conditions can sometimes make yellow and white colors more visible, by altering chromatic contrast perception with the background. Using 17 Caribbean Anolis species we showed that cut-on wavelength, a measure of dewlap color in a white-to-red continuum, correlates with habitat light intensity. Pairwise comparisons revealed that red dewlaps are most visible in bright habitats, whereas yellow and white are more visible in darker habitats. We conclude that sensory drive has contributed to the evolution of dewlap color differences through the interactive effects of total habitat light intensity and chromatic contrast perception and may provide a mechanism for speciation among anoles.</p>
Data for: A test of Sensory Drive in plant-pollinator interactions: habitat heterogeneity shapes pollinator preference for a floral visual signal
<p>DATA:</p> <p>FinnKoski_PollData_Final: Pollinator visitation data to floral arrays analyzed</p> <p>Spectra used for vismodels.zip: reflectance spectra of flowers and floral backgrounds, irradiance spectra</p> <p>ColorContrastData: visual contrast data analyzed</p> <p>CODE: </p> <p>vismod_code.R : code used for visual system modeling and calculation of contrast</p> <p>SAS_modelcode.R: SAS code used to analyze pollinator visitation data and color contrast data</p>
Figure 3 in In front of a mirror: visual displays may not be aggressive signals in nocturnal tree frogs
Figure 3. Rate of vocal-sac (emission time/total time), limb lifting (events/min) and toe/finger trembling (events/min) displays by males of Hypsiboas raniceps (n = 6), Dendropsophus nanus (n = 6) and Lysapsus limellum (n = 5) subjected to two treatments (Self Image and Control) in the southeastern Pantanal, Corumbá, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Toe/finger trembling behaviour was performed only by males of H. raniceps during the experiments. Each pair of points represents one individual; and points may overlap each other. The frequency of behaviours did not differ, either between treatments or among species.
Figure 1 in In front of a mirror: visual displays may not be aggressive signals in nocturnal tree frogs
Figure 1. Males of (a) Hypsiboas raniceps, (b) Dendropsophus nanus and (c) Lysapsus limellum located in the southeastern Pantanal, Corumbá, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Note that all males perform the vocal-sac display behaviour (inflate the vocal sac, with or without vocalization, and maintain it inflated for some time).
Figure 2 in In front of a mirror: visual displays may not be aggressive signals in nocturnal tree frogs
Figure 2. Self Image treatment applied to a male of Hypsiboas raniceps in the southeastern Pantanal, Corumbá, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The reflection of the animal in the mirror (14 × 8 cm), positioned at an angle of approximately 45° in relation to the male's body position, simulated the presence of an intruder male in the resident's territory.
Data from: Climate-related environmental variation in a visual signalling device: the male and female dewlap in Anolis sagrei lizards
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Data from: Mutual visual signalling between the cleaner shrimp Ancylomenes pedersoni and its client fish
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Can sensory drive explain the evolution of visual signal diversity in terrestrial species? A test with Anolis lizards
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Data from: Many paths to a common destination: morphological differentiation of a functionally convergent visual signal
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Data from: Disentangling visual and olfactory signals in mushroom-mimicking Dracula orchids using realistic three-dimensional printed flowers
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Data from: Visual effects in great bowerbird sexual displays and their implications for signal design
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.