Find research datasets worth reusing

Fig. 5. A, B in Structure of the andropodium of the viviparous halfbeak genus Nomorhamphus (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae), endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia

Fig. 5. A, B, diagrammatic representation of andropodium of (A) Nomorhamphus megarrhamphus, ZMH 7153, 38.3 mm SL and (B) N. weberi, ZMH 7970, 41.5 mm SL. C, D, rendered image of andropodium of (C) N. megarrhamphus, ZMH 7153, 43.4 mm SL and (D) N. weberi. Scale bar = 1 mm. Bone stippled. Arrowheads point to spiculi of N. megarrhamphus (A) and N. weberi (B) and tips of the third anal-fin ray.

Fig. 6. A, B in Structure of the andropodium of the viviparous halfbeak genus Nomorhamphus (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae), endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia

Fig. 6. A, B, Diagrammatic representation of andropodium of (A) Nomorhamphus rex, ZFMK 44945, 35.0 mm SL and (B) N. kolonodalensis, ZFMK 49103, 40.3 mm SL. C, D, Rendered image of andropodium of (C) N. rex, ZFMK 44944, 41.2 mm SL and (D) N. kolonodalensis. Scale bar = 1 mm. Bone stippled. Arrowheads point (A) to the elongate fourth segment of the second anal-fin ray and to the characteristic, sickle-shaped spiculus of N. rex and (B) to the thin, elongate spiculus of N. kolonodalensis.

Fig. 3. A, B in Structure of the andropodium of the viviparous halfbeak genus Nomorhamphus (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae), endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia

Fig. 3. A, B, diagrammatic representation of andropodium of (A) Nomorhamphus brembachi, ZMH 7616, 50.5 mm SL and (B) N. liemi, ZMH 7157, 36.6 mm SL. C, D, rendered image of andropodium of (C) N. brembachi, MZB 14450, 46.0 mm SL and (D) N. liemi, MZB 14473, 41.1 mm SL. Scale bar = 1 mm. Bone stippled. Arrowheads point (A) to sub-segments of second fin ray of N. brembachi and (B) to "geniculus" of N. liemi.

Fig. 4. A, B in Structure of the andropodium of the viviparous halfbeak genus Nomorhamphus (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae), endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia

Fig. 4. A, B, Diagrammatic representation of andropodium of (A) Nomorhamphus ebrardtii, ZFMK 49156–49176, 40.0 mm SL and (B) N. sagittarius, MZB 20443, 35.2 mm SL. C, D, rendered image of andropodium of (C) N. ebrardtii and (D) N. sagittarius, WFB 3129, 39.3 mm SL. Scale bar = 1 mm. Bone stippled. Arrowheads point to spiculi of N. ebrardtii (A) and N. sagittarius (B), which contact the third anal-fin ray and differ in length.

Fig. 1 in Nomorhamphus Rex, A New Species Of Viviparous Halfbeak (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae) Endemic To Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia

Fig. 1. Measurements taken on Nomorhamphus. 1, standard length (SL); 2, total length including beak (TL); 3, lower jaw length Brembach (LJLB); 4, lower jaw length (LJL); 5, upper jaw length (UJW); 6, bony orbital diameter (ORBL); 7, head length (HDL); 8, snout to pectoralfin distance (SN-P1); 9, snout to pelvic-fin distance (SN-P2); 10, body depth at pectoral-fin base (BDP1); 11, body depth at pelvic-fin base (BDP2); 12, depth of caudal peduncle; 13, pelvic-fin to caudal-fin distance (P2-C); 14, length of pectoral fin; 15, length of pectoral-fin base; 16, length of dorsal fin; 17, length of dorsal-fin base; 18, length of pelvic fin; 19, length of pelvic-fin base; 20, length of anal fin; 21, length of anal-fin base; 22, length of caudal fin.

Fig. 8 in Nomorhamphus Rex, A New Species Of Viviparous Halfbeak (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae) Endemic To Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia

Fig. 8. Diagrammatic representation of the caudal skeleton of Nomorhamphus rex, MZB 20724, holotype, 44.4 mm SL, male. EP, Epural; HY, Hypural. Scale bar = 500 μm.

Fig. 3. A, B in Nomorhamphus Rex, A New Species Of Viviparous Halfbeak (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae) Endemic To Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia

Fig. 3. A, B, Nomorhamphus rex; Indonesia, Sulawesi: Sulawesi Selatan; tributary of Wewu River near the village of Laroeha; 2°28.226'S, 121°04.125'E. A male; B female. C, D, Nomorhamphus rex from Tana Toraja; Indonesia, Sulawesi: Sulawesi Selatan; in a clearwater pool at an excavation of a small river near the village of Tilanga, 3°02.126'S, 119°53.232'E. C male; D female. (Photographs by: Hans-Georg Evers).

Fig. 4. A in Nomorhamphus Rex, A New Species Of Viviparous Halfbeak (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae) Endemic To Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia

Fig. 4. A: Nomorhamphus rex, MZB 20724, holotype, 44.4 mm SL, male; B: ZFMK 44949, paratype, 63.9 mm SL, female.

Fig. 2 in Nomorhamphus Rex, A New Species Of Viviparous Halfbeak (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae) Endemic To Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia

Fig. 2. Diagrammatic representation of the modified anal-fin rays (andropodium) of Nomorhamphus rex, MZB 20724, holotype, 44.4 mm SL, male. Fourth segment of the second ray with a dorsal and a ventral row of "subsegments" forming squares and rectangles of different sizes. The fourth ray is divided into three rows from approximately the third of its length, forming a kind of a covering for the third anal-fin ray with one dorsal and two lateral rows beneath. SN, Spinae; SP, Spiculus. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 5 in Nomorhamphus Rex, A New Species Of Viviparous Halfbeak (Atherinomorpha: Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae) Endemic To Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia

Fig. 5. Radiograph of Nomorhamphus rex. A, Nomorhamphus rex, MZB 20724, holotype, 44.4 mm SL, male; B, ZFMK 44949, paratype, 63.9 mm SL, female.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

dryad40/100

Climate change shrinks environmental suitability for a viviparous Neotropical skink

Anthropogenic global warming and deforestation are significant drivers of the global biodiversity crisis. Ectothermic and viviparous animals are especially vulnerable since high environmental temperatures can impair embryonic development, but we lack knowledge about these effects upon Neotropical organisms. Here, we estimate how much of the current area with suitable habitats overlaps with protected areas and model the combined effects of climate change and deforestation on the geographic distribution of the viviparous Neotropical lizard Notomabuya frenata (Scincidae). This species ranges in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia. We use environmental and physiological variables (locomotor performance and hours of activity) to predict suitable present and future areas, considering different scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions and deforestation. The most critical predictors of habitat suitability were isothermality (i.e., the ratio between mean diurnal temperature range and annual temperature range), precipitation during winter, and hours of activity under lower thermal extremes. Still, our models predict a contraction of suitable habitats in all future scenarios and the displacement of these areas towards eastern South America. In addition, protected areas are not enough to ensure suitable habitats for this species. Our findings highlight the vulnerability of tropical and viviparous ectotherms and suggest that even widely distributed species, such as N. frenata, may have their conservation compromised shortly due to the low representativeness of their suitable habitats in protected areas combined with the synergistic effects of climate change and deforestation. We stress the need for decision‐makers to consider the impact of range shifts in creating protected areas and managing endangered species.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2021View details →

Рис. 5–8. Stomaphis wojciechowskii и местообитание виΔа в БеΛаруси. 5 – место обнаружения коΛоний тΛи на Δубе черешчатом Quercus robur; 6 – кΛаΔка яиц поΔ корой (участок коры уΔаΛен); 7 – бескрыΛая живороΔящая самка, выΔеΛяющая капеΛьку меΔвяной паΔи; 8 – яйцекΛаΔущие самки с тоΛько что отΛоженными яйцами в гΛубокой трещине коры с хоΔами Lasius brunneus (верхний участок коры уΔаΛен). Figs 5–8. Stomaphis wojciechowskii and habitat in Belarus. 5 – habitat of the aphid colonies on Quercus robur; 6 – laying of eggs under oak bark (a section of bark was removed); 7 – apterous viviparous female, producing a drop of honeydew; 8 – oviparous females with newly-laid eggs in a crevice deep in bark and tunnels of Lasius brunneus (the upper section of bark was removed). in Stomaphis wojciechowskii Depa, 2012 (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae) - a new record of aphids in the fauna of Belarus

Рис. 5–8. Stomaphis wojciechowskii и местообитание виΔа в БеΛаруси. 5 – место обнаружения коΛоний тΛи на Δубе черешчатом Quercus robur; 6 – кΛаΔка яиц поΔ корой (участок коры уΔаΛен); 7 – бескрыΛая живороΔящая самка, выΔеΛяющая капеΛьку меΔвяной паΔи; 8 – яйцекΛаΔущие самки с тоΛько что отΛоженными яйцами в гΛубокой трещине коры с хоΔами Lasius brunneus (верхний участок коры уΔаΛен). Figs 5–8. Stomaphis wojciechowskii and habitat in Belarus. 5 – habitat of the aphid colonies on Quercus robur; 6 – laying of eggs under oak bark (a section of bark was removed); 7 – apterous viviparous female, producing a drop of honeydew; 8 – oviparous females with newly-laid eggs in a crevice deep in bark and tunnels of Lasius brunneus (the upper section of bark was removed).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2021View details →

Рис 1–4. Stomaphis wojciechowskii, внешний виΔ. 1, 2 – бескрыΛая живороΔящая самка; 3, 4 – неотенический самец. Figs 1–4. Stomaphis wojciechowskii, habitus. 1, 2 – apterous viviparous female; 3, 4 – neotenic male. in Stomaphis wojciechowskii Depa, 2012 (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae) - a new record of aphids in the fauna of Belarus

Рис 1–4. Stomaphis wojciechowskii, внешний виΔ. 1, 2 – бескрыΛая живороΔящая самка; 3, 4 – неотенический самец. Figs 1–4. Stomaphis wojciechowskii, habitus. 1, 2 – apterous viviparous female; 3, 4 – neotenic male.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Supplementary Files and Data of 'Live-bearing cockroach genome reveals convergent evolutionary mechanisms linked to viviparity in insects and beyond'

Live birth (viviparity) has arisen repeatedly and independently among animals. We sequenced the genome and transcriptome of the viviparous Pacific beetle-mimic cockroach and performed comparative analyses with two other viviparous insect lineages, tsetse flies and aphids, to unravel the basis underlying the transition to viviparity in insects. We identified pathways undergoing adaptive evolution for insects, involved in uro-genital remodeling, tracheal system, heart development, and nutrient metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis in the cockroach and tsetse viviparity reveals that uterine remodeling and nutrient production are increased and the immune response is altered during pregnancy, facilitating structural and physiological changes to accommodate and nourish the progeny. These patterns of convergent evolution of viviparity among insects, together with similar adaptive mechanisms identified among vertebrates, highlight that the transition to viviparity requires changes in uro-genital remodeling, enhanced tracheal and heart development (corresponding to angiogenesis in vertebrates), nutrient metabolism, and shifted immunity in all animal systems.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

FIGURE 4 in Oviparity, viviparity or plasticity in reproductive mode of the olm Proteus anguinus: an epic misunderstanding caused by prey regurgitation?

FIGURE 4 Proteus anguinus larva (captive-bred from Tular Cave Laboratory, photograph by Gregor Aljančič) and Salamandra salamandra larva in comparison. Both larvae are about 3 cm in size. Note the difference in size and shape of the head and trunk length, but similarities in presence of eyes and pigmentation. PHOTOGRAPH OF proteus anguinus LARVA BY GREGOR ALJANČIČ AND salamandra salamandra LARVA BY JAMES BURGON

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

FIGURE 3 in Oviparity, viviparity or plasticity in reproductive mode of the olm Proteus anguinus: an epic misunderstanding caused by prey regurgitation?

FIGURE 3 Scanning electron micrographs of the olm's teeth marks on regurgitated salamander (Salamandra salamandra) larvae. Heads of all larvae are facing towards the left. A) Teeth marks (arrowheads) on the dorsal side of the head corresponding to the position of the olm's jaw and B) parallel teeth marks on the left side of the head above the gills (g) of the larvae shown in fig. 2A. C) Teeth marks on the anterior edge of laceration above the left gills (g) and D) above the right eye (e) of the head of the larva shown in fig. 2B and C. (Scale bars represents 500 µm).