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303 results for “warming effects”
Effects of experimentally altered wolf spider densities and warming on soil microarthropods, litter decomposition, litter N, and soil nutrients near Toolik Field Station, AK in summer 2012
Predators can disproportionately impact the structure and function of ecosystems relative to their biomass. These effects may be exacerbated under warming in ecosystems like the Arctic, where the number and diversity of predators are low and small shifts in community interactions can alter carbon cycle feedbacks. Here we show that warming alters the effects of wolf spiders, a dominant tundra predator, on belowground litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics. Specifically, while high densities of wolf spiders result in faster litter decomposition under ambient temperatures, they result instead in slower decomposition under warming. Higher spider densities are also associated with elevated levels of available soil nitrogen, potentially benefitting plant production. Changes in decomposition rates under increased wolf spider densities are accompanied by trends toward fewer fungivorous Collembola under ambient temperatures and more Collembola under warming, suggesting that Collembola mediate the indirect effects of wolf spiders on decomposition. The unexpected reversal of wolf spider effects on Collembola and decomposition suggests that in some cases, warming does not simply alter the strength of top-down effects but instead induces a different trophic cascade altogether. Our results indicate that climate change-induced effects on predators can cascade through other trophic levels, alter critical ecosystem functions, and potentially lead to climate feedbacks with important global implications. Moreover, given the expected increase in wolf spider densities with climate change, our findings suggest that the observed cascading effects of this common predator on detrital processes could potentially buffer concurrent changes in decomposition rates.
Data from: Maximum cardiac performance of Antarctic fishes that lack haemoglobin and myoglobin: exploring the effect of warming on nature's natural knockouts
Comparisons among related species provide valuable insight into the functional consequences of natural genetic mutations. We assessed cardiac function at ambient and elevated temperatures in Antarctic notothenioids with contrasting levels of the oxygen binding proteins, haemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb), to elucidate changes in cardiac performance that may compensate for impaired O2 transport. Notothenia coriiceps (Hb+Mb+) at 1oC had the highest maximum cardiac work rate (WC) and pressure generating capacity, but lowest relative ventricular mass and maximum cardiac output (Q̇) when compared with two icefish species, Chionodraco rastrospinosus (Hb-Mb+) and Chaenocephalus aceratus (Hb-Mb-). Cardiomegaly associated with absence of Hb generated an exceptionally large maximum stroke volume (VS) and Q̇, but a lower WC. However, C. rastrospinosus had a larger ventricle, a higher intrinsic heart rate (fH), and greater maximum VS and Q̇ than C. aceratus, suggesting that cardiac Mb has functional relevance. Warming to 4oC increased fH, but only increased maximum Q̇ in icefishes, while maximum WC and pressure development increased in N. coriiceps (both ~2.5x that of C. aceratus). The Hb+Mb+ myocardium generated considerable Q̇ against raised afterload, unlike icefish hearts. The presence of Hb and Mb enhances cardiac performance, and likely resilience to near-future ocean warming.
Data from: Species-specific effects of passive warming in an Antarctic moss system
Polar systems are experiencing rapid climate change and the high sensitivity of these Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems make them especially vulnerable to accelerated ecological transformation. In Antarctica, warming regions result in a mosaic of ice-free terrestrial habitats dominated by a diverse assemblage of cryptogamic plants (i.e. mosses and lichens). Although these plants provide key habitat for a wide array of microorganisms and invertebrates, we have little understanding of the interaction between trophic levels in this terrestrial ecosystem, and whether there are functional effects of plant species on higher trophic levels that may alter with warming. Here, we used Open Top Chambers (OTCs) on Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica, to examine the effects of passive warming and moss species on the abiotic environment and ultimately on higher trophic levels. For the dominate mosses, Polytrichastrum alpinum and Sanionia georgicouncinata, we found species-specific effects on the abiotic environment, including moss canopy temperature and soil moisture. Additionally, we found distinct reproductive shifts in P. alpinum plants under warming compared to mosses without warming, and invertebrate communities in this moss species were strongly correlated with plant reproduction. Mosses under warming had substantially larger total invertebrate communities, and some invertebrate taxa were influenced differentially by moss species. However, warmed moss plants showed lower fungal biomass than control moss plants, and fungal biomass differed between moss species. Our results indicate that continued warming will differentially impact the reproductive output of Antarctic moss species, potentially altering terrestrial ecosystems dynamics from the bottom up. Understanding these effects requires clarifying the foundational, mechanistic role that individual plant species play in mediating complex interactions in Antarctica's terrestrial food-webs.
Data of LAI-L20C in Vegetation masking effect on future warming and snow albedo feedback in a boreal forest region of northern Eurasia according to MIROC-ESM
<p>Data of LAI-L20C experiment in the research paper: Vegetation masking effect on future warming and snow albedo feedback in a boreal forest region of northern Eurasia according to MIROC-ESM.</p> <p>The paper was submitted to JGR-Atmosphere.</p> <p>Variables are limited to those used in the paper.</p> <ul> <li>snow water equivalent (swe)</li> <li>snow cover fraction (snc)</li> <li>clear-sky downward shortwave radiation at surface (rsdscs)</li> <li>clear-sky upward shortwave radiation at surface (rsuscs)</li> <li>surface air temperature (tas)</li> </ul> <p>See the paper for the detail.</p>
Global warming effects of cropland expansion by reduction of biogenic secondary organic aerosols
<p><span>This is the dataset to support our paper title of “Global warming effects of cropland expansion by reduction of biogenic secondary organic aerosols”. Cropland expansion has been the most significant global land use change since industrialization. However, evaluations of radiative forcing from land use changes have often neglected the radiative effects of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) linked to cropland expansion. Sensitivity experiments using an Earth system model that incorporates advanced SOA processes reveal approximately a 10% reduction in the global biogenic SOA burden due to cropland expansion since industrialization. This reduction weakens SOA</span><span>’</span><span>s role in scattering radiation and forming clouds, leading to a decline in its cooling effect by 146 mW m⁻², which is equivalent to 8% of the warming caused by CO₂ emissions since industrialization. This effect is expected to increase by nearly half under future climate warming and reduced emissions scenarios. Therefore, policies addressing food security and climate change must consider the radiative impacts of biogenic SOA associated with cropland expansion.</span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><span>The dataset consists of three zip files, which include model code and output from sensitivity simulations conducted with the Community Earth System Model (CESM) version 1.2.2, using the IMPACT aerosol module and an offline radiative model. The files are described as follows:</span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><strong><span>Model code.zip:</span></strong><span> Contains the source code for the IMPACT aerosol module, which was integrated as an additional aerosol module within CESM version 1.2.2, available from the NCAR repository.</span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><strong><span>PD_Cases.zip:</span></strong><span> This file contains two folders (<strong>Concentration and Radiation</strong>), which hold the simulation results for concentration and radiation in present-day cases. The Concentration folder includes 13 subfolders. The Radiation folder contains four subfolders representing different radiation simulation results. These include simulations with and without the direct radiative effects of SOA (labeled <strong>ADEwSOA</strong> and <strong>ADEwoSOA</strong> respectively) and simulations with and without the indirect radiative effects of SOA (labeled <strong>AIEwSOA</strong> and <strong>AIEwoSOA</strong> respectively). Each of these subfolders contains 13 additional subfolders, which share the same names as those in the Concentration folder. These 13 subfolders correspond to specific sensitivity experiments, the details of which are explained below. Within each subfolder, you will find the five-year averaged model output for all 12 months.</span></p> <p><strong><span>18L20E20C</span></strong><span> represents simulations with pre-industrial land use, and present-day emissions and climate conditions; </span></p> <p><strong><span>20L20E20C</span></strong><span> represents simulations with present-day land use, emissions, and climate conditions.</span></p> <p><span>Eight subfolders for single vegetation type transition experiments include model output for cases where land use transitions from deciduous broadleaf forest to cropland (<strong>DBF2CRO</strong>), evergreen broadleaf forest to cropland (<strong>EBF2CRO</strong>), evergreen needleleaf forest to cropland (<strong>ENF2CRO</strong>), grassland to cropland (<strong>GRA2CRO</strong>), shrubland to cropland (<strong>SHR2CRO</strong>), deciduous broadleaf forest to grassland (<strong>DBF2GRA</strong>), evergreen broadleaf forest to grassland (<strong>EBF2GRA</strong>), and evergreen needleleaf forest to grassland (<strong>ENF2GRA</strong>).</span></p> <p><span>Three subfolders for latitude-specific experiments cover conversions for all vegetation types in tropical (20</span><span>°</span><span>S</span><span>–</span><span>20</span><span>°</span><span>N, <strong>LLAT</strong>), mid-latitude (50</span><span>°</span><span>S</span><span>–</span><span>20</span><span>°</span><span>S and 20</span><span>°</span><span>N</span><span>–</span><span>50</span><span>°</span><span>N, <strong>MLAT</strong>), and high-latitude (south of 50</span><span>°</span><span>S and north of 50</span><span>°</span><span>N, <strong>HLAT</strong>) regions.</span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><strong><span>FU_Cases.zip:</span></strong><span> This file contains two folders (<strong>Concentration and Radiation</strong>), which hold the simulation results for concentration and radiation in future cases. The Concentration folder includes 4 subfolders. The Radiation folder contains four subfolders representing different radiation simulation results. These include simulations with and without the direct radiative effects of SOA (labeled <strong>ADEwSOA</strong> and <strong>ADEwoSOA</strong> respectively) and simulations with and without the indirect radiative effects of SOA (labeled <strong>AIEwSOA</strong> and <strong>AIEwoSOA</strong> respectively). Each of these subfolders contains 4 additional subfolders, which share the same names as those in the Concentration folder. These 4 subfolders correspond to specific sensitivity experiments, the details of which are explained below. Within each subfolder, you will find the five-year averaged model output for all 12 months.</span></p> <p><strong><span>18L20E21C</span></strong><span> represents simulations with pre-industrial land use, and present-day emissions, and future climate conditions; </span></p> <p><strong><span>18L21E21C</span></strong><span> represents simulations with pre-industrial land use, future emissions, and future climate conditions;</span></p> <p><strong><span>20L20E21C</span></strong><span> represents simulations with present-day land use, and present-day emissions, and future climate conditions; </span></p> <p><strong><span>20L21E21C</span></strong><span> represents simulations with present-day land use, future emissions, and future climate conditions.</span></p>
Predicted asymmetrical effects of warming on nocturnal and diurnal soil-dwelling ectotherms
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Maximum cardiac performance of Antarctic fishes that lack haemoglobin and myoglobin: exploring the effect of warming on nature’s natural knockouts
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
The effects of warming on loggerhead turtle nesting counts
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Species-specific effects of passive warming in an Antarctic moss system
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Environmental conditions modulate warming effects on plant litter decomposition globally
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Grow fast but don’t die young: maternal effects mediate life-history tradeoffs of lizards under climate warming
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Data for a global meta-analysis of passive experimental warming effects on plant traits and community properties
This database contains the data used in a global meta-analysis of warming effects on plants. L0 data are available upon request; they include the raw data from 126 warming experiments. The L1 data are the result of merged L0 data and are cleaned for typos and are standardized names. L1 data contain plant trait and community property measurements in both warmed and ambient conditions. L2 data contain the effect sizes of warming for each study. These data came from 126 warming experiments across the globe.
Meta-analytical data on soil organic, particulate organic, and mineral-associated organic carbon under nitrogen fertilization, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, atmospheric warming, increased precipitation, drought, and their combined effects
Data were harvested from journal articles found on the Web of Science Core Collection and the ProQuest Agricultural and Environmental Database that studied soil organic matter fraction carbon responses to global changes (nitrogen fertilization, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, atmospheric warming, increased and decreased precipitation, and combined effects). Soil organic carbon fractions were designated as particulate organic carbon or mineral-associated organic carbon based on size and density cutoffs. Relevant metadata, including article information (authors, publication year), environmental information (soil type, climate, and land use), and experiment information (rates, methods) were also added to the dataset.
The effects of nitrogen and warming on inorganic nitrogen pool and production rates in arctic and boreal ecosystems: inorganic nitrogen transformation during a 3-month laboratory incubation
We incubated (2006) northern Alaskan soils (boreal and tundra) at two temperatures (5 degC and 15 degC) and two levels of nitrogen addition (with and without) to directly test for nitrogen limitation of inorganic nitrogen production rate and explore the interaction between temperature and nitrogen limitation. Over the 3-month laboratory incubation, we measured initial extratable inorganic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen production rates from organic and mineral soils from four different ecosystem types (boreal burned, boreal unburned, moist acidic, moist non-acidic). To charactarize the soils, we also measured total C, total N, microbial biomass, isotopes values (delta 13, delta14), total free amino acid, and total soluble protein.
The effects of nitrogen and warming on soil respiration in arctic and boreal ecosystems: microbial respiration during a 924-day laboratory incubation
We incubated (2006-2009) northern Alaskan soils (boreal and tundra) at two temperatures (5 degC and 15 degC) and two levels of nitrogen addition (with and without) to directly test for nitrogen limitation of soil organic matter decomposition and explore the interaction between temperature and nitrogen limitation. Over the 924-day laboratory incubation, we measured microbial respiration from organic and mineral soils from four different ecosystem types (boreal burned, boreal unburned, moist acidic, moist non-acidic).
Warming effects of spring rainfall increase methane emissions from thawing permafrost: Site-level data from bog complex I - Water Table Depth 2014-2016
Methane emissions regulate the near-term global warming potential of permafrost thaw, particularly where loss of ice-rich permafrost converts forest and tundra into wetlands. Northern latitudes are expected to get warmer and wetter, and while there is consensus that warming will increase thaw and methane emissions, effects of increased precipitation are uncertain. At a thawing wetland complex in Interior Alaska, we found that interactions between rain and deep soil temperatures controlled methane emissions. In rainy years, recharge from the watershed rapidly altered wetland soil temperatures, warming the top ~80 cm of soil in spring and summer, and cooling it in autumn. When soils were warmed by spring rainfall, methane emissions increased by ~30%. The warm, deep soils early in the growing season likely supported both microbial and plant processes that enhanced emissions. Our study identifies an important and unconsidered role of rain in governing the radiative forcing of thawing permafrost landscapes. All site-level data from the studied bog, eddy covariance and micrometeorological data referenced in the published manuscript are available in the LTER data repository. These data are related to the following data package: Surface carbon, water and energy fluxes measured by eddy covariance at 3 sites within the Alaska Peatlands Experiment and Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest 2013-2016 (http://dx.doi.org/10.6073/pasta/4fabab3846113a1866b06f1b3d6d52a3).
Warming effects of spring rainfall increase methane emissions from thawing permafrost: Site-level data from bog complex II - Carex Metrics 2014-2016
Methane emissions regulate the near-term global warming potential of permafrost thaw, particularly where loss of ice-rich permafrost converts forest and tundra into wetlands. Northern latitudes are expected to get warmer and wetter, and while there is consensus that warming will increase thaw and methane emissions, effects of increased precipitation are uncertain. At a thawing wetland complex in Interior Alaska, we found that interactions between rain and deep soil temperatures controlled methane emissions. In rainy years, recharge from the watershed rapidly altered wetland soil temperatures, warming the top ~80 cm of soil in spring and summer, and cooling it in autumn. When soils were warmed by spring rainfall, methane emissions increased by ~30%. The warm, deep soils early in the growing season likely supported both microbial and plant processes that enhanced emissions. Our study identifies an important and unconsidered role of rain in governing the radiative forcing of thawing permafrost landscapes. All site-level data from the studied bog, eddy covariance and micrometeorological data referenced in the published manuscript are available in the LTER data repository. These data are related to the following data package: Surface carbon, water and energy fluxes measured by eddy covariance at 3 sites within the Alaska Peatlands Experiment and Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest 2013-2016 (http://dx.doi.org/10.6073/pasta/4fabab3846113a1866b06f1b3d6d52a3).
Warming effects of spring rainfall increase methane emissions from thawing permafrost: Site-level data from bog complex III - Methene Flux 2014-2016
Methane emissions regulate the near-term global warming potential of permafrost thaw, particularly where loss of ice-rich permafrost converts forest and tundra into wetlands. Northern latitudes are expected to get warmer and wetter, and while there is consensus that warming will increase thaw and methane emissions, effects of increased precipitation are uncertain. At a thawing wetland complex in Interior Alaska, we found that interactions between rain and deep soil temperatures controlled methane emissions. In rainy years, recharge from the watershed rapidly altered wetland soil temperatures, warming the top ~80 cm of soil in spring and summer, and cooling it in autumn. When soils were warmed by spring rainfall, methane emissions increased by ~30%. The warm, deep soils early in the growing season likely supported both microbial and plant processes that enhanced emissions. Our study identifies an important and unconsidered role of rain in governing the radiative forcing of thawing permafrost landscapes. All site-level data from the studied bog, eddy covariance and micrometeorological data referenced in the published manuscript are available in the LTER data repository. These data are related to the following data package: Surface carbon, water and energy fluxes measured by eddy covariance at 3 sites within the Alaska Peatlands Experiment and Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest 2013-2016 (http://dx.doi.org/10.6073/pasta/4fabab3846113a1866b06f1b3d6d52a3).
Warming effects of spring rainfall increase methane emissions from thawing permafrost: Site-level data from bog complex IV - Soil Temperatures 2014-2016
Methane emissions regulate the near-term global warming potential of permafrost thaw, particularly where loss of ice-rich permafrost converts forest and tundra into wetlands. Northern latitudes are expected to get warmer and wetter, and while there is consensus that warming will increase thaw and methane emissions, effects of increased precipitation are uncertain. At a thawing wetland complex in Interior Alaska, we found that interactions between rain and deep soil temperatures controlled methane emissions. In rainy years, recharge from the watershed rapidly altered wetland soil temperatures, warming the top ~80 cm of soil in spring and summer, and cooling it in autumn. When soils were warmed by spring rainfall, methane emissions increased by ~30%. The warm, deep soils early in the growing season likely supported both microbial and plant processes that enhanced emissions. Our study identifies an important and unconsidered role of rain in governing the radiative forcing of thawing permafrost landscapes. All site-level data from the studied bog, eddy covariance and micrometeorological data referenced in the published manuscript are available in the LTER data repository. These data are related to the following data package: Surface carbon, water and energy fluxes measured by eddy covariance at 3 sites within the Alaska Peatlands Experiment and Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest 2013-2016 (http://dx.doi.org/10.6073/pasta/4fabab3846113a1866b06f1b3d6d52a3).
Data from: Climate warming prolongs the time interval between leaf-out and flowering in temperate trees: effects of chilling, forcing and photoperiod
<p><span>1. Leaf-out and flowering are two key phenological events of plants, denoting the respective onsets of visible vegetative growth and reproduction during the year. For each species, the schedule of vegetative growth and reproduction is crucial to the maximization of its fitness. Warming-induced advances of leaf-out and flowering have been reported frequently, however, it is unclear whether the responses of the two events are equal for any given species. </span></p> <p><span>2. Using long-term phenological records in Europe, we examined simultaneously the responses of both leaf-out and flowering of four common temperate tree species to climate warming and further examined the effects of winter chilling, spring forcing and photoperiod on the responses of the two events. </span></p> <p><span>3. We found that regardless whether flowering or leaf-out occurred first, the first event advanced more than the second during 1950 – 2013, resulting in a prolonged time interval between the two events. The temporal changes were also supported by a similar geographical trend that the time interval between the two events increased from cold to warm sites. Due to the warming-induced reduction in chilling, the spring forcing accumulated until the second event was increased more than the forcing accumulated until the first event, and that reduced the temperature sensitivity of the second event. In addition to the effect of chilling, the shorter photoperiod, associated with the advanced spring phenology, was also likely to substantially increase the spring forcing accumulated until the second event, which thus slowed down its advance, compared to the advance of the first event. The relative contributions of chilling and photoperiod to the increased forcing varied between species and events, with chilling mostly outweighing photoperiod. </span></p> <p><span>4. Synthesis. This study provides the large-scale empirical evidence of prolonged time interval between leaf-out and flowering with climate warming. The unequal advances of the two events may alter the partition of resources between vegetative growth and reproduction and cause different changes of spring frost damage to vegetative and reproductive tissues, which may alter species fitness and further affect ecosystem structure and function.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.