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48 results for “water risk”
Divergent water requirements partition exposure risk to parasites in wild equids
<p><span>For grazing herbivores, dung density in feeding areas is an important determinant of exposure risk to faecal-orally transmitted parasites. When host species share the same parasite species, a non-random distribution of their cumulative dung density and/or non-random ranging and feeding behaviour may skew exposure risk and the relative selection pressure parasites impose on each host. The arid-adapted Grevy's zebra (<em>Equus grevyi</em>) can range more widely than the water-dependent plains zebra (<em>Equus quagga</em>), with which it shares the same species of gastrointestinal nematodes. We studied how the spatial distribution of zebra dung relates to ranging and feeding behaviour to assess parasite exposure risk in Grevy's and plains zebras at a site inhabited by both zebra species. We found that zebra dung density declined with distance from water, Grevy's zebra home ranges (excluding those of territorial males) were farther from water than those of plains zebras, and plains zebra grazing areas had higher dung density than random points while Grevy's zebra grazing areas did not, suggesting a greater exposure risk in plains zebras associated with their water dependence. Faecal egg counts increased with home range proximity to water for both species, but the response was stronger in plains zebras, indicating that this host species may be particularly vulnerable to the elevated exposure risk close to water. We further ran experiments on microclimatic effects on dung infectivity and showed that fewer nematode eggs embryonated in dung in the sun than in the shade. However, only 5% of the zebra dung on the landscape was in shade, indicating that the microclimatic effects of shade on the density of infective larvae is not a major influence on exposure risk dynamics. Ranging constraints based on water requirements appear to be key mediators of nematode parasite exposure in free-ranging equids.</span></p>
Digital solutions and early warning system for decision support and risk management in water reuse for irrigation
<p>Video presentation for IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition, 11-15 September 2022, Copenhagen, Denmark.</p>
Sewage loading and microbial risk in urban waters of the Great Lakes
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Large-scale reforestation can increase water yield and reduce drought risk for water-insecure regions in the Asia-Pacific
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Pathogen group-specific risk factors for intra-mammary infection in water buffalo
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Divergent water requirements partition exposure risk to parasites in wild equids
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Modeling of the potential distribution of Eichhornia crassipes on a global scale: risks and threats to water ecosystems. Supplementary material
<p>https://doi.org/10.4136/1980-993X</p>
Nonylphenol in soil-celery system simulating long-term reclaimed water irrigation: occurrence, migration, and health risk assessment
<p>The data uploaded were the biomass of celery tissues and the concentraion of nonylphenol in soil and celery tissues after harvest.</p>
Water Erosion Risk in the Eastern Rift Valley: Application of RUSLE Modeling in the Kenyan Great Rift Valley Region
<p>RUSLE Model Parameters for Estimating Water Erosion Risk in the Eastern Rift Valley: Application of RUSLE Modeling in the Kenyan Great Rift Valley Region</p>
Data from: Temporal modelling of ballast water discharge and ship-mediated invasion risk to Australia
Biological invasions have the potential to cause extensive ecological and economic damage. Maritime trade facilitates biological invasions by transferring species in ballast water, and on ships' hulls. With volumes of maritime trade increasing globally, efforts to prevent these biological invasions are of significant importance. Both the International Maritime Organization and the Australian government have developed policy seeking to reduce the risk of these invasions. In this study, we constructed models for the transfer of ballast water into Australian waters, based on historic ballast survey data. We used these models to hindcast ballast water discharge over all vessels that arrived in Australian waters between 1999 and 2012. We used models for propagule survival to compare the risk of ballast-mediated propagule transport between ecoregions. We found that total annual ballast discharge volume into Australia more than doubled over the study period, with the vast majority of ballast water discharge and propagule pressure associated with bulk carrier traffic. As such, the ecoregions suffering the greatest risk are those associated with the export of mining commodities. As global marine trade continues to increase, effective monitoring and biosecurity policy will remain necessary to combat the risk of future marine invasion events.
Water, sanitation and the risk of chronic conditions in old age: Results from the Ghana WHO SAGE 2
<p>Water and sanitation have been related to the health of populations, yet, the effects of these factors on the occurrence of chronic conditions (CC) in later life have been least explored. This study examines the association of CC with water and sanitation among older Ghanaians and whether the associations are moderated by gender and residence. Data from the WHO-SAGE Wave 2 comprising of 4735 adults aged ≥ 50 years were analyzed in this study. The primary outcome was CC and the exposures included sources of water, sanitation facilities, and the sharing of sanitation facilities. Generalized logistic regression models estimated the effects of water and sanitation indicators on the occurrence of CC. Overall, 18.8% of the sample reported at least one CC. Compared to men and rural residents, women and urban residents respectively were more likely to report CC (<em>p </em>< 0.001). After full adjustments, logistic regressions showed that the use of unimproved sanitation (OR = 1.732, CI: 1.377–5.418) and sharing of sanitation facilities (OR = 1.624, CI: 1.095–1.320) were associated with higher odds of CC. However, the use of water did not reach significance (<em>p</em> = 0.125). We found a significant interaction effect for type of toilet <strong>×</strong> gender (OR = 3.498, CI: 1.744–16.442), source of water <strong>×</strong> residence (OR = 5.935, CI: 1.320–26.685), and type of toilet <strong>× </strong>residence (OR = 1.998, CI: 1.462–8.642). The use of unimproved sanitation facilities and the sharing of sanitation facilities are associated with the occurrence of CC among older people. Policy and public health interventions targeted at improving the health and well-being of older people should conspicuously include improving access to sanitation services.</p>
Geographic range size, water temperature and extrinsic threats predict the extinction risk in global cetaceans
<p><span>Despite that cetaceans provide significant ecological contributions to the health and stability of aquatic ecosystems, they are highly endangered with nearly one-third of species assessed as threatened with extinction. Nevertheless, to date, few studies have explicitly examined the patterns and processes of extinction risk and threats for this taxon, and even less between the two subclades (Mysticeti and Odontoceti). To fill this gap, we compiled a dataset of six intrinsic traits (active region, geographic range size, body weight, diving depth, school size and reproductive cycle), six environmental factors relating to sea surface temperature and chlorophyll concentration, and two human-related threat indices that are commonly recognized for cetaceans. We then employed phylogenetic generalized least square (PGLS) models and model selection to identify the key predictors of extinction risk in all cetaceans, as well as in the two subclades. We found that geographic range size, sea surface temperature and human threat index were the most important predictors of extinction risk in all cetaceans and in odontocetes. Interestingly, maximum body weight was positively associated with the extinction risk in mysticetes, but negatively related to that for odontocetes. By linking seven major threat types to extinction risk, we further revealed that fisheries bycatch was the most common threat, yet the impacts of certain threats could be overestimated when considering all species rather than just threatened ones. Overall, we suggest that conservation efforts should focus on small-ranged cetaceans and species living in warmer waters or under strong anthropogenic pressures. Moreover, further studies should consider the extinction risk of species when superimposing risk maps and quantifying risk severity. Finally, we emphasize that mysticetes and odontocetes should be conserved with different strategies, because their extinction risk patterns and major threat types are </span><span>considerably</span><span> different. For instance, large-bodied mysticetes and small-ranged odontocetes require special conservation priority.</span></p>
Estuarine Hypoxia – Identifying High Risk Catchments Now and Under Future Climate Scenarios - Water Level Dataset
<p>Historic water level data used in determining the inundation characteristics for each of the catchments within the study area. The locations of each water level gauge, a summary of the distribution of water levels and the distribution of data to each catchment is detailed in the Supporting Information accompanying the manuscript "Estuarine Hypoxia – Identifying High Risk Catchments Now and Under Future Climate Scenarios".</p>
DAPAgliflozin Sodium Water glucosE EffecTs in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04258371. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Detection of Schistosomiasis CAA in Travellers After High-risk Water Contact
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02194712. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Water Beverage Intervention Trial for Reducing Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in Young Mexican Free Living Women
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01245010. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Data from: Temporal modelling of ballast water discharge and ship-mediated invasion risk to Australia
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Geographic range size, water temperature and extrinsic threats predict the extinction risk in global cetaceans
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Data from: Prozac in the water: chronic fluoxetine exposure and predation risk interact to shape behaviors in an estuarine crab
Predators exert considerable top-down pressure on ecosystems by directly consuming prey or indirectly influencing their foraging behaviors and habitat use. Prey is, therefore, forced to balance predation risk with resource reward. A growing list of anthropogenic stressors such as rising temperatures and ocean acidification has been shown to influence prey risk behaviors and subsequently alter important ecosystem processes. Yet, limited attention has been paid to the effects of chronic pharmaceutical exposure on risk behavior or as an ecological stressor, despite widespread detection and persistence of these contaminants in aquatic environments. In the laboratory, we simulated estuarine conditions of the shore crab, Hemigrapsus oregonensis, and investigated whether chronic exposure (60 days) to field-detected concentrations (0, 3, and 30 ng/L) of the antidepressant fluoxetine affected diurnal and nocturnal risk behaviors in the presence of a predator, Cancer productus. We found that exposure to fluoxetine influenced both diurnal and nocturnal prey risk behaviors by increasing foraging and locomotor activity in the presence of predators, particularly during the day when these crabs normally stay hidden. Crabs exposed to fluoxetine were also more aggressive, with a higher frequency of agonistic interactions and increased mortality due to conflicts with conspecifics. These results suggest that exposure to field-detected concentrations of fluoxetine may alter the trade-off between resource acquisition and predation risk among crabs in estuaries. This fills an important data gap, highlighting how intra- and interspecific behaviors are altered by exposure to field concentrations of pharmaceuticals; such data more explicitly identify potential ecological impacts of emerging contaminants on aquatic ecosystems and can aid water quality management.
Data from: The relative importance of predation risk and water temperature in maintaining Bergmann's rule in a marine ectotherm
Bergmann's rule - an increase in body size with latitude - correlates with latitudinal declines in ambient temperature and predation risk, but relatively few studies simultaneously explore the relative importance of these factors. Along temperate Atlantic shorelines, the isopod Idotea balthica from high latitudes are 53% longer on average than are isopods from low latitudes. When reared at 6°- 24°C, juveniles increased growth and development rates with temperature. Because the increase in growth rate with temperature outstripped increases in development rate, female size at maturity increased with temperature. This thermal sensitivity of growth cannot account for the latitudinal pattern in body size. Within temperature treatments, females from low latitudes reached sexual maturity at younger ages and at a smaller size than did females from higher latitudes. This shift in life-history strategy is predicted by latitudinal declines in predation pressure, which we tested using field-tethering experiments. Overall, isopods at low latitudes had a 44% greater mortality risk from daytime predators relative to isopods at higher latitudes. We conclude that a latitudinal gradient in predation risk, and not temperature, is principally responsible for Bergmann's rule in I. balthica. Increases in body size during future warming of oceans may be constrained by local patterns of predation risk.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.