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373 results for “wet forests”

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zenodo36/100

Forest reorganisation effects on fuel moisture content can exceed changes due to climate warming in wet temperate forests

48-year modelled dataset of below canopy fuel moisture content (FMC) for field sites established in wet temperate eucalypt forests in south-eastern Australia (allsites.csv). Raw hourly data for input to the model (hrlyallsitesgit.csv).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Tree demographic strategies largely overlap across succession in Neotropical wet and dry forest communities

Secondary tropical forests play an increasingly important role in carbon budgets and biodiversity conservation. Understanding successional trajectories is therefore imperative for guiding forest restoration and climate change mitigation efforts. Forest succession is driven by the demographic strategies – combinations of growth, mortality, and recruitment rates – of the tree species in the community. However, our understanding of demographic diversity in tropical tree species stems almost exclusively from old-growth forests. Here, we assembled demographic information from repeated forest inventories along chronosequences in two wet (Costa Rica, Panama) and two dry (Mexico) Neotropical forests to assess whether the ranges of demographic strategies present in a community shift across succession. We calculated demographic rates for >500 tree species while controlling for canopy status to compare demographic diversity (i.e. the ranges of demographic strategies) in early successional (0-30 years), late successional (30-120 years), and old-growth forests using two-dimensional hypervolumes of pairs of demographic rates. Ranges of demographic strategies largely overlapped across successional stages, and early successional stages already covered the full spectrum of demographic strategies found in old-growth forests. An exception was a group of species characterized by exceptionally high mortality rates that were confined to early successional stages in the two wet forests. The range of demographic strategies did not expand with succession. Our results suggest that studies of long-term forest monitoring plots in old-growth forests, from which most of our current understanding of demographic strategies of tropical tree species is derived, are surprisingly representative of demographic diversity in general, but do not replace the need for further studies in secondary forests.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Data for: "Above and below ground trait coordination in tree seedlings depend on the most limiting resource: A test comparing a wet and a dry tropical forest in Mexico" by L. Sanaphre-Villanueva, F. Pineda-Garcia, W. Dattilo, L. F. Pinzon-Perez, A. Ricaño Rocha, H. Paz.

These data represent those published in “Above and below ground trait coordination in tree seedlings depend on the most limiting resource: A test comparing a wet and a dry tropical forest in Mexico” by L. Sanaphre-Villanueva, F. Pineda-Garcia, W. Dattilo, L. F. Pinzon-Perez, A. Ricaño Rocha, H. Paz. PeerJ. 2022.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Data for: "Different dry-wet pulses favor different functional strategies: a test using tropical dry forest tree species" by Vega-Ramos, Flor, Cifuentes Gómez, Lucas, Pineda-García, Fernando, Dawson, Todd, Paz, Horacio

These data represent those published in "Different dry-wet pulses favor different functional strategies: a test using tropical dry forest tree species" by Vega-Ramos, Flor, Cifuentes Gómez, Lucas, Pineda-García, Fernando, Dawson, Todd, Paz, Horacio

opencc-by-sa-4.0Apr 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Light quality and spatial variability influences on seedling regeneration in Hawaiian lowland wet forests

Tropical forest understories tend to be light-limited. The red-to-far-red ratio (R:FR) is a useful and reliable index of light quality and its spatial variability can influence competition between native and non-native seedlings. While percent light transmittance has been quantified in some Hawaiian lowland wet forests (HLWF), no information exists on how the spatial distribution of understory light varies in relation to species invasion, or if patterns of seedling regeneration and light are linked. We measured the R:FR of light in the understory to assess light quality in three HLWF forest types: native-dominated, partially-invaded, and Psidium cattleyanum- (strawberry guava) dominated to quantify light quality in the understory (0-50 cm height). We also identified relationships between light quality and native and non-native seedling presence, diversity, and abundance. Together, these data can help to determine the restoration potential of HLWF. Linear mixed-effect modeling showed that native-dominated forests had significantly greater R:FR than P. cattleyanum-dominated forests, demonstrating a transformation in the light environment with increased invasion. Heterogeneity in R:FR varied more across sites than among forest types. In both native-dominated and partially-invaded forests, there were more native seedlings in the low-quality R:FR (0.0 – 0.40) category and fewer in the medium- (0.41 – 0.70), and high- quality (≥ 0.71) light categories than would be expected by chance, and there were no native seedlings in the P. cattleyanum-dominated forests. Native-dominated forests had greater species richness and abundance of native seedlings than the partially-invaded forests, likely due to propagule availability. However, the spatial clustering of seedlings, the mismatch of native seedlings in light environments less suitable, and a considerable proportion of open high-quality microsites, highlights that conditions are not optimal for native species in HLWF in the long-term. Synthesis and applications The native-dominated and partially-invaded forests still hold conservation value, despite variation among sites. Seedling additions could be targeted to different R:FR environments and at different spatial scales, but the lack of a strong relationship between R:FR and seedling number suggests that other factors besides light quality should be considered in seedling enrichment or other management activities.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Hydraulic traits are not robust predictors of tree species stem growth during a drought in a wet tropical forest

Severe droughts have led to lower plant growth and high mortality in many ecosystems worldwide, including tropical forests. Drought vulnerability differs among species but there is limited consensus on the nature and degree of this variation in tropical forest communities. Understanding species-level vulnerability to drought requires examination of hydraulic traits since these reflect the different strategies species employ for surviving drought. Here we examined hydraulic traits and growth reductions during a severe drought for 12 common woody species in a wet tropical forest community in Puerto Rico to ask: Q1. To what extent can hydraulic traits predict growth declines during drought? We expected that species with more hydraulicly vulnerable xylem and narrower safety margins would grow less during drought. Q2. How do species successional association relate to levels of vulnerability to drought and hydraulic strategies? We predicted that early- and mid-successional species would exhibit more acquisitive strategies, making them more susceptible to drought than shade-tolerant species. Q3. What are the different hydraulic strategies employed by species and are there trade-offs between drought avoidance and drought tolerance? We anticipated that species with greater water storage capacity would have leaves that lose turgor at higher xylem water potential and be less resistant to embolism forming in their xylem (P50). We found a large range of variation in hydraulic traits across species; however, they did not closely capture the magnitude of growth declines during drought. Among larger trees (≥10 cm diameter at breast height—DBH), some tree species with high xylem embolism vulnerability and risk of hydraulic failure experienced substantial declines during drought but this pattern was consistent across species. We found a trade-off among species between drought avoidance (capacitance) and drought tolerating (P50) in this tropical forest community. Hydraulic strategies did not align with successional associations. Instead, some of the more drought-vulnerable species were shade-tolerant dominants in the community, suggesting that a drying climate could lead to shifts in long-term forest composition and function in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Differential effects of ecosystem engineering by the superb lyrebird Menura novaehollandiae and herbivory by large mammals on floristic regeneration and structure in wet eucalypt forests

Ecosystem engineers that modify soil and ground-layer properties exert a strong influence on vegetation communities in ecosystems worldwide. Understanding the interactions between animal engineers and vegetation is challenging when in the presence of large herbivores, as many vegetation communities are simultaneously affected by both engineering and herbivory. The superb lyrebird Menura novaehollandiae, an ecosystem engineer in wet forests of south-eastern Australia, extensively modifies litter and soil on the forest floor. The aim of this study was to disentangle the impacts of engineering by lyrebirds and herbivory by large mammals on the composition and structure of ground-layer vegetation. We carried out a two-year, manipulative exclusion experiment in the Central Highlands of Victoria, Australia. We compared three treatments: fenced plots with simulated lyrebird foraging; fenced plots excluding herbivores and lyrebirds; and open controls. This design allowed assessment of the relative impacts of engineering and herbivory on germination rates, seedling density, vegetation cover and structure, and community composition. Engineering by lyrebirds enhanced the germination of seeds in the litter layer. After two years, more than double the number of germinants were present in 'engineered' than 'non-engineered' plots. Engineering did not affect the density of seedlings, but herbivory had strong detrimental effects. Herbivory also reduced the floristic richness and structural complexity (< 0.5 m) of forest vegetation, including the cover of herbs. Neither process altered the floristic composition of the vegetation within the 2-year study period. Ecosystem engineering by lyrebirds and herbivory by large mammals both influence the structure of forest-floor vegetation. The two-fold increase in seeds stimulated to germinate by engineering may contribute to the evolutionary adaptation of plants by allowing greater phenotypic expression and selection than would otherwise occur. Over long timescales, engineering and herbivory likely combine to maintain a more-open forest floor conducive to ongoing ecosystem engineering by lyrebirds.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Sunda-Sahul floristic exchange and pathways into the Southwest Pacific: New insights from wet tropical forest trees

Aim Recent investigations on the floristic exchange between Southeast Asia and Australia have shown a clear dispersal directionality bias (West to East) of wet-adapted plant taxa. However, dispersal routes and directions of wet forest taxa into the South Pacific remain insufficiently known. We here aimed to establish the most likely routes and directions of plant dispersal into the Southwest Pacific islands. Location Southeast Asia, East Asia, Australia, Southwest Pacific. Taxon Dysoxylum s.l. (Meliaceae). This includes Dysoxylum s.s., Didymocheton, Epicharis, Goniocheton, Pseudocarapa and Prasoxylon. Method We sampled 75% of the species diversity in Dysoxylum s.l., covering the entire distribution range, all genera and major lineages. Phylogenetic relationships of 149 accessions were reconstructed using Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis and two internal constraints. The dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis variant, founder-event speciation (DEC+J), was used for reconstructing the biogeographic history, and 100 BSMs were simulated. Results Dysoxylum s.l. originated and firstly diversified in the western part of its current distribution range (incl. Indochina) during the Miocene to Pliocene, followed by an overall eastern range expansion towards Malesia, Australia and the Southwest Pacific in the Pliocene. Main conclusions The south-eastward expansion of lineages into Wallacea and Australia is in temporal agreement with the convergence of the Asian and Australian tectonic plates since the Miocene. Long-distance dispersal is the main mechanism that led to the current distribution. Two dispersal pathways into the Southwest Pacific are identified, (1) through New Guinea and the Solomon Islands to Fiji, and (2) from New Zealand to Fiji. For both routes, Fiji was an important secondary source area for dispersal into the Southwest Pacific.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Functional-trait based restoration alters nutrient cycling and invasion rates in Hawaiian lowland wet forest

Many degraded ecosystems have altered nutrient dynamics, due to invaders possessing a suite of traits that allow them to both outcompete native species and alter the environment. In ecosystems where invasive species have increased nutrient turnover rates, it can be difficult to reduce nutrient availability. This study examined whether a functional-trait-based restoration approach, involving the planting of species with conservative nutrient-use traits, can slow rates of nutrient cycling and consequently reduce rates of invasion. We examined a functional trait restoration initiative in a heavily-invaded lowland wet forest site in Hilo, Hawai'i. Native and introduced species were chosen to create four experimental hybrid forest communities, in comparison to the invaded forest, with a factorial design in which communities varied in rates of carbon turnover (slow or moderate [SLOW, MOD]), and in the relationship of species in trait space (redundant or complementary [RED, COMP]). After the first five years, we evaluated community-level outcomes related to nutrient cycling: carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) via litterfall, litter decomposition, and also outplant productivity and rates of invasion. We found that: (1) regardless of treatment, the experimental communities had low rates of nutrient cycling through litterfall relative to the invaded reference forest, (2) the MOD communities had greater nutrient release via litterfall than the SLOW communities, (3) introduced species had greater nutrient release than native species in the two MOD experimental communities, and (4) within treatments, there was a positive relationship between nutrient levels and outplant basal area, but outplant basal area was negatively associated with rates of invasion. The negative relationships among basal area and weed invasion, particularly for the two COMP treatments, suggest species existing in different parts of trait space may help confer some degree of invasion resistance. The diversification of trait space was facilitated by the use of introduced species; a new concept in Hawaiian forest management. Although challenges remain in endeavors to restore this heavily degraded ecosystem, this study provides evidence that functional trait-based restoration approaches using carefully crafted hybrid communities can reduce rates of nutrient cycling and invasion in order to reach management goals.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

dryad36/100