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FIGURE 1–3 in Key to the fossil genus Largusoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae), with description of two new species from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

FIGURE 1–3. Largusoperla dewalti, sp. nov. Adult habitus, 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view 3, dorsal view.

Fig. 9 Diagnostic and putative RDF fragments. a DIP-V-16113 in Ornamental feathers in Cretaceous Burmese amber: resolving the enigma of rachis-dominated feather structure

Fig. 9 Diagnostic and putative RDF fragments. a DIP-V-16113 overview and close-up of the tip of the feather (inset); b DIP-V-17232 overview with prominent rachidial ridge and deep C-shaped rachis; c DIP-V-15130 overview; d DIP-V-15137 overview; e DIP-V-15141 overview; f DIP-V-15142 overview; g DIP-V-15159 overview; h DIP-V-16178 overview, arrowheads mark lateral margins of rachis at both ends. Scale bars = 2 mm in (a and h); 1 mm in (b); 5 mm in (c–g)

Fig. 8 Diagnostic RDF fragments. a DIP-V-15125 in Ornamental feathers in Cretaceous Burmese amber: resolving the enigma of rachis-dominated feather structure

Fig. 8 Diagnostic RDF fragments. a DIP-V-15125 overview, arrowhead marks twist in rachis; b details of barbs and barbules in DIP-V-15125; c DIP- V-16115 overview; d DIP-V-17121 overview; e detail of DIP-V-17121 rachis and barbs, where they are cross-cut by polished surface of amber (left margin of d), arrow indicates rachidial ridge; f DIP-V-17138 overview; g DIP-V-17127 feather section; h DIP-V-16207 overview. Scale bars = 1 mm in (a); 0.5 mm in (b); 5 mm in (c, d and g); 0.2 mm in (e); 2 mm in (f and h)

Fig. 7 Paired RDFs. a DIP-V-16105 in Ornamental feathers in Cretaceous Burmese amber: resolving the enigma of rachis-dominated feather structure

Fig. 7 Paired RDFs. a DIP-V-16105 overview; b DIP-V-17177 overview of paired, bent feathers, with arrows marking ventral deflection point; c DIP-V-17194 overview; d detail of DIP-V-17194 barbs; e MCAC-0322 overview; f detail of vane bases in MCAC-0322 (lower feather in e). Scale bars = 5 mm in (a–c and e); 2 mm in (d and f)

Fig. 6 Paired RDFs. a DIP-V-16164 in Ornamental feathers in Cretaceous Burmese amber: resolving the enigma of rachis-dominated feather structure

Fig. 6 Paired RDFs. a DIP-V-16164 partial overview, with RDF rachises indicated by arrowheads; b oblique section through one rachis in DIP-V- 16164; c distorted rachis near base of DIP-V-16164; d DIP-V-16186 overview; e barbs of DIP-V-16186, arrowhead indicating hooklets; f DIP-V-17137 overview, arrow indicating taphonomic tear in vane, arrowhead indicating region with numerous plumulaceous feathers; g details of rachis, barbs, and barbules in DIP-V-17137 RDF (on right side of f), with bristle-like feather floating in amber between arrowheads. Scale bars = 5 mm in (a, d and f); 1 mm in (b and c); 0.2 mm in (e); 0.5 mm in (g)

Fig. 5 Paired RDFs. a DIP-V-17109 in Ornamental feathers in Cretaceous Burmese amber: resolving the enigma of rachis-dominated feather structure

Fig. 5 Paired RDFs. a DIP-V-17109 overview; b barbs of DIP-V-17109 with clumped barbules and blunt barb apices; c DIP-V-15153 overview, with feather apices deflected dorsally (to left) by resin flows, but rachis unaffected; d RSKM_P3306.58 overview, horizontal arrowheads mark rachis lateral margins, vertical arrowheads mark rachidial ridges, arrow denotes area for detailed images in e and f; e detail of barb bases and lateral attachment to the rachis in RSKM_P3306.58; f detail of barbules in RSKM_P3306.58, arrow highlights hooklets on distal barbules. Scale bars = 5 mm in (a); 0.2 mm in (b); 2 mm in (c and d); 0.5 mm in (e and f)

Fig. 3 RDFs with interlocking barbs. a DIP-V-16111 in Ornamental feathers in Cretaceous Burmese amber: resolving the enigma of rachis-dominated feather structure

Fig. 3 RDFs with interlocking barbs. a DIP-V-16111 overview with asymmetrical vanes (arrowheads at base of each vane); b DIP-V-16111 barb structure; c DIP-V-16111 barbules with hooklets (inset and arrowheads); d DIP-SY-06231 overview with plumulaceous feathers trapped on drying line (arrowheads), and more detailed view of barb and barbule structure (inset). Scale bars = 2 mm in (a); 0.5 mm in (b); 0.1 mm in (c); 5 mm in (d); 0.2 mm in (d) inset

Fig. 2 in Ornamental feathers in Cretaceous Burmese amber: resolving the enigma of rachis-dominated feather structure

Fig. 2 RDF variations in rachis apices and cross-sectional profiles. a close-up of one of the two feather apices in DIP-V-16186, with tapered rachis leading to just rachidial ridge (arrowhead); b apex of DIP-V-17109 with broad rachis extending to the end of the vanes (arrowhead); c close-up of the tip of DIP-V-15125, with twisted rachis (arrowhead); d oblique dorsal cross-sectional view of rachis in DIP-V-16202 exhibiting an expansion on the edges (left and right arrowheads) and thin rachidial ridge (center arrowhead), with barbs attaching to rachis laterally (arrows); e cross-section of the rachis of DIP-V-16208; f SEM image of DIP-V-16207, corresponding to e; g DIP-V-17109 oblique ventral view of rachis cross-section in one of the two feathers; h DIP-V-17127 rachis cross-section in oblique lateral view, with rami originating slightly below (left) and exactly on the edge (right), plus thin rachidial ridge. Arrows/arrowheads denote same structures in (d–h). Scale bars = 2 mm in (a); 0.25 mm in (b, d, g and h); 0.05 mm in (c); 0.1 mm in (e and f)

Fig. 1 in Ornamental feathers in Cretaceous Burmese amber: resolving the enigma of rachis-dominated feather structure

Fig. 1 Morphological diversity and rachis structure. RDFs exhibit at least three general outlines: a with barbs that appear to extend all the way down rachis, one of the two feathers in DIP-V-16186; b with naked rachis basally, DIP-V-16208 overview; c with more pointed apices and narrower vanes, one of the two feathers in DIP-V-16186. The general structure of all RDFs shares some common features: d diagram of RDF indicating rachidial ridge (dark red), and fused and unfused barb ridges making up rachis (blue), with barbule distribution indicated only on right side of feather apex (pale red), and with cross-sections showing branching pattern of barbs within vaned section of RDF (upper section), and tissue generation at follicle (lower level) required to produce barbs at posterior margin, or along lateral margin of rachis (right side vs. left side of each section, respectively). Rachidial ridge variants include: e prominent ridge throughout length, DIP-V-17138; f faint, DIP-SY-06231; g or even sporadic, MCAC-0322. Arrowheads in f and g indicate barbs attached to posterior margin of rachis, while arrows indicate those attached to lateral surface. Abbreviations: ant – anterior, lam – lamina, lb. – lateral barb, pmb – posterior margin barb, post – posterior, rr – rachidial ridge. Scale bars = 2 mm in (a, b, c, e and f); 0.5 mm in (g)

FIGURE 4 in Myanmaro primus gen. et sp. nov., the first orthoclad (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Cretaceous Burmese amber

FIGURE 4. Myanmaro primus sp. nov., holotype, adult male (F1a LSZ DIZP, mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, ~100 Ma; Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, Myanmar). Hypopygium in dorsal (A) and ventral view (B), C gonocoxite (grey) and gonostylus (blue) with articulate lobe (green), D distal part of anal tergite and anal point, E inferior volsella. Scale bars: 50 µm (A, B), 25 µm (C–E).

FIGURE 3 in Myanmaro primus gen. et sp. nov., the first orthoclad (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Cretaceous Burmese amber

FIGURE 3. Myanmaro primus sp. nov., holotype, adult male (F1a LSZ DIZP, mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, ~100 Ma; Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, Myanmar): A–D tibial spurs of fore (A, B), mid (C) and hind leg (D); E–H pseudospurs of mid leg tarsomere 1 (E), 2 (F), 3 (G) and 4 (H). Scale bar: 10 µm.

FIGURE 1 in Myanmaro primus gen. et sp. nov., the first orthoclad (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Cretaceous Burmese amber

FIGURE 1. IR (ATR) spectrum (no. 13998 IAA) obtained from examined amber (mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, ~100 Ma; Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, Myanmar).

FIGURE 2 in Myanmaro primus gen. et sp. nov., the first orthoclad (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Cretaceous Burmese amber

FIGURE 2. Myanmaro primus sp. nov., holotype, adult male (F1a LSZ DIZP, mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, ~100 Ma; Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, Myanmar): A inclusion in amber, B habitus, C head and antenna (white arrows: borders between flagellomeres, grey arrow: incomplete fusion), D wing, E base of wing, F punctation of wing membrane below RM area. Scale bars: 5 mm (A), 1 mm (B), 100 µm (C–F).

FIGURE 3 in Zorotypus hukawngi sp. nov., a Fossil Winged Zoraptera (Insect) in Burmese Amber

FIGURE 3. Zorotypus hukawngi sp. nov., holotype (CSCLRCAB100005). A. Head with right antenna. B. Left antenna. C. Forebody with forewings. D. Left metafemur. Abbreviations: 1–7 = metafemoral spines 1–7; a1–a8 = antennomeres I–VIII; msn = mesonotum; mtn = metanotum; prn = pronotum. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURE 2 in Zorotypus hukawngi sp. nov., a Fossil Winged Zoraptera (Insect) in Burmese Amber

FIGURE 2. Ventral habitus of Zorotypus hukawngi sp. nov., female. Abbreviations: fw = forewing; hw = hindwing. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Zorotypus hukawngi sp. nov., a Fossil Winged Zoraptera (Insect) in Burmese Amber

FIGURE 4. Zorotypus hukawngi sp. nov., holotype (CSCLRCAB100005). A. Left metatibia. B. Claws. C. Cerci with apical spinelike setae. D. Forewing with jugate setae. Abbreviations: a, b = metatibial spines a, b; fjs = jugate setae of forewing. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

opennotspecifiedNov 2018View details →

FIGURE 2 in The "hairy beast " - Zorotypus hirsutus sp. n., an unusual new species of Zoraptera (Insecta) from Burmese amber

FIGURE 2. Zorotypus hirsutus sp. n.. A: Head in frontal view. Left labial palp behind bubble and barely visible. B: Abdomen in dorsal view. C: Abdomen and metalegs in ventral view. ce, cercus; e, compound eye; ga, galea; lbp, labial palp; la, lacinia; lr, labrum; md, mandible; mxp, maxillary palp; T7, seventh abdominal tergum. Asterisk: lobe-like structure. Scales = 0.2 mm.

opennotspecifiedNov 2018View details →

FIGURE 1 in The "hairy beast " - Zorotypus hirsutus sp. n., an unusual new species of Zoraptera (Insecta) from Burmese amber

FIGURE 1. Zorotypus hirsutus sp. n., holotype (BUB2785). A, B: Habitus in ventral (A) and dorsal (B) views. C: Head in frontal view. D: Thorax in dorsal view. E: Left foreleg. F: Abdomen and right legs in ventral view; inset: an enlargement of right metafemur with an additional spine. G: Right metatarsus; inset: enlargement of right meta-pretarsus apex. 1–8, metafemoral spines 1–8; 6+, the additional metafemoral spine; a, b, metatibial spines a, b; a1–8, antennomeres I–VIII; bac, bristles arranged as comb; ce, cercus; cx1, procoxa; e, compound eye; fe1, profemur; ga, galea; lbp, labial palp; lr, labrum; mxp, maxillary palp; oc, ocelli; S8, eighth abdominal sternum; sp, spurs; th1, prothorax; ti1, protibia. Black and white arrows show the distinct spine between metacoxae and tiny metatibial spine, respectively. Black and white arrowheads show pulvilli and empodium, respectively. Asterisk shows the lobe-like structure (see the Remarks). Scales = 0.5 mm in A–B; 0.2 mm in C– F; 0.1 mm in G.

FIGURE 3 in A new genus and species of Elcanidae (Insecta: Orthoptera) from Cretaceous Burmese amber

FIGURE 3. Elcanonympha diana gen. et sp. nov., inner view of left metatibia and metatarsus showing arrangement of subapical and apical metatibial spurs and spination of metabasitars.