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Fig. 4 in Biological response to geochemical and hydrological processes in a shallow submarine cave

Fig. 4: Living communities inside the Y-Cave: A) the entrance part of the cave, vertical wall, depth 9 m, biocenosis of semi-dark caves (GSO, see text for explanation of acronym) dominated by numerous sponge species; B) the entrance part of the cave, ceiling, depth 6 m, GSO dominated by scleractinian coral Leptopsammia pruvoti; C) the entrance part of the cave, overhang, depth 7 m, GSO dominated by scleractinian coral Madracis pharensis; D) the entrance part of the cave, vertical wall (near the bottom), depth 9 m, GSO, a large specimen of the orange sponge Agelas oroides dominates the photo; E) the middle part of the cave, in front of the section C-C', bottom, depth 10 m, a massive white specimen of the sponge Chondrosia reniformis; F) the middle part of the cave, between sections C-C' and D-D', vertical wall and overhang, depth 5 m, the transition from GSO to biocenosis of caves and ducts in total darkness (GO, see text for explanation of acronym), the community is dominated by serpulids; G) the middle part of the cave, between sections C-C' and D-D', vertical wall, depth 5 m, transition from GSO to GO, a dense population of brachiopod Novocrania anomala, encrusting sponge Placospongia decorticans and serpulids; H) the end part of the cave, near the section G-G', vertical wall with overhang and horizontal shelf, depth 6 m, GO with scarce calcareous sponges and serpulids (see Fig. 2 for position of the sections).

Fig. 1 in Biological response to geochemical and hydrological processes in a shallow submarine cave

Fig. 1: The non-linear relationship between CO and Ca2+ con2 centrations in H 2O-CO2-CaCO3 solution. Each mixture (e.g. C) of the saturated solutions A and B lies on the straight line between them in the zone of undersaturation with respect to calcite, producing an aggressive solution that dissolves the surrounding carbonate (after Gabrovšek & Dreybrodt (2010)).

Fig. 8 in Biological response to geochemical and hydrological processes in a shallow submarine cave

Fig. 8: Temperature, salinity and depth profiles recorded with the CTD probe during a dive inside the Y-Cave (August 27, 2003), 1 – vertical profile at the cave opening; 2 – vertical profile inside the cave entrance part; 3 – vertical profile at the turning point, section C-C'; 4 to 6 – vertical profiles in the inner part of the cave: 4 at approximately section E-E', 5 at approximately section G-G' and 6 at approximately section H-H'.

Fig. 3 in Biological response to geochemical and hydrological processes in a shallow submarine cave

Fig. 3: The positions of temperature and light intensity data loggers inside the Y-Cave (dark circles - temperature data loggers; white circles - light intensity data loggers). Four loggers with their photosensitive cell facing upwards are marked with a black dot; the remaining cells were positioned to face the entrance of the cave.

Fig. 9 in Biological response to geochemical and hydrological processes in a shallow submarine cave

Fig. 9: Variation of light intensity over a period of 11 days (June 19–30, 2006) at representative sites within the Y-Cave (Fig. 3): logger 1 – the entrance of the cave; logger 4 – the central part of the cave; logger 10 – the innermost part of the cave.

Fig. 6 in Biological response to geochemical and hydrological processes in a shallow submarine cave

Fig. 6: The comparison of the tidal (solid line) and temperature (dashed line) fluctuation from February 2–8, 2004. Temperature records are from logger 4 (Fig. 3), and tides from the nearest tide gauge in Zadar port.

Fig. 7 in Biological response to geochemical and hydrological processes in a shallow submarine cave

Fig. 7: Vertical temperature profiles inside and outside the YCave taken with the CTD probe (August 27, 2003); the profile labelled with a dotted line was taken at approximately section H-H', the profile labelled with a solid line at approximately section G-G'.

Fig. 2 in Biological response to geochemical and hydrological processes in a shallow submarine cave

Fig. 2: The location, cross-section and layout of the Y-Cave on Dugi Otok Island, Croatia, with characteristic profiles.

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Figure 2 in A rapid assessment of cave occupancy for Pacific sheath-tailed bats (fanihin ganas, Emballonura semicaudata rotensis) and Mariana swiftlets (chachaguak, Aerodramus bartschi) on Aguiguan, Mariana Islands

Figure 2: Locations of caves surveyed for Pacific sheath-tailed bat and Mariana swiftlet occupancy by the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Division of Fish and Wildlife in 2021, with WorldView-2 satellite imagery (dated April 14, 2019) for reference. Surveyed caves are labeled: 1 – East Black Noddy Cave; 2 – Cliff Cave; 3 – Pillar Cave; 4 – Guano Cave; 5 – New Cave Complex; 6 – Southern Cave Complex; 7 – Crevice Cave

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Figure 1 in A rapid assessment of cave occupancy for Pacific sheath-tailed bats (fanihin ganas, Emballonura semicaudata rotensis) and Mariana swiftlets (chachaguak, Aerodramus bartschi) on Aguiguan, Mariana Islands

Figure 1: Map depicting the location of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in relation to the Asia-Pacific region and the location of Aguiguan (blue circle) within the archipelago. Sources: Basemaps: Esri, The General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Geographic, DeLorme, HERE, Geonames.org, Garmin, United States Geological Survey, Earthstar Geographics.

Lithic, faunal, and radiocarbon dating data from Bukhtarma Cave, East Kazakhstan

<p>Data associated with the paper "<span>A newly dated late Pleistocene and Holocene archaeological assemblage from Bukhtarma Cave in the southern Altai piedmont, East Kazakhstan," containing the zooarchaeological identification and analysis, the lithic analysis, and the radiocarbon dates obtained from the 14C dating lab of the Curt Engelhorn Zentrum für Archäometrie, Mannheim, Germany (co-author S. Lindauer). </span></p>

Figure 2 in Karstsinnectes cehengensis (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae), a new species of cave fish from Guizhou, China

Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree reconstructed based on mitogenome and seven nuclear genefragments. In this phylogenetic tree, Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) from BI analyses/ultrafast bootstrap supports (UBP) from ML analyseswere noted beside nodes. The scale bar represents 0.04 nucleotide substitutions per site. Numbers within parentheses correspond to the ID numbers in Table 2.

Figure 1 in Karstsinnectes cehengensis (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae), a new species of cave fish from Guizhou, China

Figure 1. Distribution of the species of Karstsinnectes in Southwest China, with its potential distribution regions.

Figure 4 in Karstsinnectes cehengensis (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae), a new species of cave fish from Guizhou, China

Figure 4. The three-dimensional reconstructed model of the skeleton of Karstsinnectes cehengensis Luo, Zhao & Zhou, sp. nov. (paratype GZNU20230223003, standard length 33.5 mm). A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Latera view.

Figure 5 in Karstsinnectes cehengensis (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae), a new species of cave fish from Guizhou, China

Figure 5. Karstsinnectes cehengensis Luo, Zhao & Zhou, sp. nov. (A–B) and K. anophthalmus (C) in life. A from holotype GZNU2023 0106002. A, C were photographed by Tao Luo, B by Jiajun Zhou.

Figure 3 in Karstsinnectes cehengensis (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae), a new species of cave fish from Guizhou, China

Figure 3. Morphological characteristics of holotype GZNU20230106002 of Karstsinnectes cehengensis Luo, Zhao & Zhou, sp. nov. in preservative (10% formalin), photographed by Tao Luo. A. Latera view; B. Dorsal view; C. Ventral view. Scale bars = 5.0 mm.

Figure 7 in A new troglobiont species of Rhagidiidae (Acari: Eupodoidea) from cave sites in the Ural Mountains (Russia)

Figure 7 DIC photomicrographs of Foveacheles uralensisn. sp., female: A – distal part of fixed digit with setaechaandchb, posterolateral

Figure 6 in A new troglobiont species of Rhagidiidae (Acari: Eupodoidea) from cave sites in the Ural Mountains (Russia)

Figure 6 Foveacheles uralensisn. sp., female: A – specimen with an abnormal number of setae on coxisternal fields I and III (arrows point at additional setae); B – variability in the location of solenidia on tibia III.

Figure 10 in A new troglobiont species of Rhagidiidae (Acari: Eupodoidea) from cave sites in the Ural Mountains (Russia)

Figure 10 Foveacheles uralensisn. sp., deutonymph: A – right leg I, dorsolateral aspect; B – right leg II, posterolateral aspect; C – right leg III, anterolateral aspect; D – right leg IV, dorsal-posterolateral aspect.

Figure 3 in A new troglobiont species of Rhagidiidae (Acari: Eupodoidea) from cave sites in the Ural Mountains (Russia)

Figure 3 Foveacheles uralensisn. sp., female: A – left palp, dorsolateral aspect; B – chelicera, antiaxial aspect; C – subcapitulum, ventral aspect.