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661 results for “Consumer”
Drymarchon corais (Colubridae) and Caiman crocodilus (Alligatoridae) use different feeding behaviors to consume poisonous toads
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Raw data from: Consumer-resource interactions along urbanization gradients drive natural selection
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Data from: Regulation of fatty acid composition related to ontogenetic changes and niche differentiation of a common aquatic consumer
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High capacity for a dietary specialist consumer population to cope with increasing cyanobacterial blooms
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A modified niche model for generating food webs with stage-structured consumers: The stabilizing effects of life-history stages on complex food webs
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Data from: Consumer trait responses track change in resource supply along replicated thermal gradients
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BfR calculator for estimating consumer exposure to biocide residues in food
<p>This calculator has been developed by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) (1) to support competent authorities and industry when performing dietary risk assessment for biocidal products. It presents a tool to facilitate the estimation of dietary risk from consumer exposure to biocidal active substances used in domestic households as described in the Guidance on Estimating Dietary Risk from Transfer of Biocidal Active Substances into Foods - Non-professional Uses (Guidance Non-professional Uses) (2). It applies assumptions and default values as given in the guidance document.</p> <p>The exposure models presented in this calculator are not a comprehensive collection of scenarios. During evaluation it must be ensured that the chosen scenario is applicable to the intended use to be evaluated. Adjustment of existing scenarios or development of new scenarios will be required on a case-by-case basis. The list of scenarios in this calculator may be extended as more active substances and their uses in biocidal products are evaluated.</p> <p>The "Examples" spreadsheet contains calculations for various scenarios to illustrate the use of this calculator. Results for the examples given in the Guidance Non-professional Uses may slightly deviate from results produced by this calculator due to rounding differences.</p> <p><strong>Link: https://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/349/bfr-calculator-for-estimating-transfer-of-biocideresidues-into-foods-non-professional-uses.xlsx</strong></p>
DJI Drone Flight Plans from NDSS-DISS Paper "Defending Against Consumer Drone Privacy Attacks:A Blueprint For A Counter Autonomous Drone Tool"
<p>Flight plans from the DJI Phantom 4 and Spark while in Active Track mode and subjected to infrared light, white light, GPS Spoofing, and Wi-Fi de-authentication attack.</p>
Supposed "snake specialist" consumes monitor lizards: diet and trophic implications of king cobra feeding ecology
<p>King cobra predation events on <em>Varanus nebulosus. </em>Included: photographic evidence of each event, king cobra biometric data from most recent measurements and location information.</p> <p>.csv file column headings:</p> <p>folderid: The Zenodo folder ID containing the photographic evidence of event.</p> <p>obvdate: Date of observation (yyyy-mm-dd)</p> <p>obvtime: Time of observation (24hr)</p> <p>snakeid: Unique ID given to individual king cobras captured</p> <p>svlmm: King cobra snout-to-vent length (mm)</p> <p>tlmm: King cobra tail length (mm)</p> <p>totalmm: King cobra total length (mm)</p> <p>massg: King cobra mass (g)</p> <p>easting: UTM easting (UTM Zone 47N; Datum WGS84)</p> <p>northing: UTM northing (UTM Zone 47N; Datum WGS84)</p> <p>gpsaccm: Accuracy of GPS location (m)</p> <p>notes: Comments on predation event</p>
Influencing Dutch consumer behaviour with sustainable food products
<p>Raw dataset for the research "Influencing Dtuch consumer behaviour with sustainable food products"</p> <p>Erasmus University of Economics</p>
Palm-primate interactions: Number of palm species and palm species identity in primate diets according to region (Africa, Asia, Madagascar, Neotropics); Parts of palm species consumed by primates according to region; palm species of high importance in primate diets according to region; palm seed dispersal by primates according to region
<p>We compiled data on palms in the diets of primates and on palm seed dispersal by primates to criticially discuss the hypothesis by Onstein et al. 2020 (Proc R Soc B) that "the interactions between primates and palms are related to the co-evolutionary dynamics of primate colour vision systems and palm fruit colours". Our copilation of data on interactions between palms and primates suggests that the mutualism-dependent co-diversification scenario deployed by Onstein et al. is not supported in view of the low<br> level of extant primate-palm interactions in Africa.</p>
Dataset_2020_Biogeosciences_Protists and collembolans alter microbial community composition, C dynamics and soil aggregation in simplified consumer - prey systems
<p>Dataset associated to the publication: Erktan, A., Rillig, M.C., Carminati, A., Jousset, A., Scheu, S. (2020) Protists and collembolans alter microbial community composition, C dynamics and soil aggregation in simplified consumer - prey systems, Biogeosciences, accepted the 27/08/2020.</p>
Consumer mobility predicts impacts of herbivory across a wave stress gradient
<p>Environmental stress impedes predation and herbivory by limiting the ability of animals to search for and consume prey. We tested the contingency of this relationship on consumer traits, and specifically hypothesized that herbivore mobility relative to the return time of limiting environmental stress would predict consumer effects. We examined how wave-induced water motion affects marine communities via herbivory by highly mobile (fish) versus slow moving (pencil urchin) consumers at two wave-sheltered and two wave-exposed rocky subtidal locations in the Galapagos Islands. The exposed locations experienced 99th percentile flow speeds that were 2-5 times greater than sheltered locations, with mean flow speeds >33 cm/s vs <16 cm/s, 2-7 times higher standing macroalgal cover and 2-3 times lower cover of crustose coralline algae than the sheltered locations. As predicted by the Environmental Stress Hypothesis (ESH), there was a negative relationship between mean flow speed and urchin abundance and herbivory rates on Ulva spp. algal feeding assays. In contrast, the biomass of surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae) and parrotfishes (Labridae- Scarinae) was positively correlated with mean flow speed. Ulva assays were consumed at equal rates by fish at exposed and sheltered locations, indicating continued herbivory even when flow speeds surpassed maximum reported swimming speeds at a rate of 1-2 times per minute. Modeled variation in fish species richness revealed minimal effects of diversity on herbivory rates at flow speeds <40 cm/s, when all species were capable of foraging, and above 120 cm/s, when no species could forage, while increasing diversity maximized herbivory rates at flow speeds of 40 – 120 cm/s. Two-month herbivore exclusion experiments during warm and cool seasons revealed that macroalgal biomass was positively correlated with flow speed. Fish limited macroalgal development by 65-91% at one exposed location but not the second, and by 70% at the two sheltered locations. In contrast, pencil urchins did not affect algal communities at either exposed location, but reduced macroalgae by 87% relative to controls at both sheltered locations. We propose an extension of the ESH that is contingent upon mobility to explain species-specific changes in feeding rates and consumer effects on benthic communities across environmental gradients.</p>
Figure 1 from: Tran VD, Dorofeeva VV, Loskutova EE, Lagutkina TP, Kosova IV, Gribkova EI, Galkina GA, Pak TV, Ibragimova AN, Le MH, Cao TTN (2020) Elderly consumers' satisfaction with the quality of community pharmacy services in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: a Q-methodology study. Pharmacia 67(4): 303-309. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.67.e56511
Figure 1 Q-distribution grid. (a) Q-distribution grid used for the "Q-sort" data collection, where 40 cards (statements) are sorted by participants on 11-point scale from −5 "most dissatisfied" to +5 "most satisfied". (b) Q-distribution grid with an example of a Q-sort from participant 3.
Data from: Resource stoichiometry and consumers control the biodiversity-productivity relationship in pelagic metacommunities
Recent theory suggests that biodiversity and productivity are both constrained by resource supply rates and ratios, and that resource stoichiometry is the key to understand the relationship between biodiversity and productivity. We experimentally tested this theory using pelagic metacommunities. We amended existing predictions by explicitly considering evenness as biodiversity aspect and consumer instead of competitive control of algal biomass. The metacommunities received different phosphorus (P)-supply, the three patches within each metacommunity differed in nitrogen (N)-supply to create different N:P ratios (2, 16, 128). All patches were inoculated with a phytoplankton assemblage consisting of 5 species, half of the metacommunities received 2 ciliate species as consumers. At the level of the entire metacommunity, algal biomass increased whereas species richness and evenness decreased with increasing P-supply. Without consumers, resource use efficiency (RUE, realized biomass per unit P) increased with increasing richness and evenness. Consumer presence reduced overall biomass and richness and precluded a correlation between RUE and biodiversity. At the patch level, local evenness correlated to higher RUE at both imbalanced N:P ratios (2 or 128) but not at balanced N:P. In conclusion, overall P-supply constrained realized biomass and altered diversity, whereas resource stoichiometry shaped the relationship between biodiversity and RUE.
Data from: Direct-to-consumer DNA testing of 6,000 dogs reveals 98.6-kb duplication associated with blue eyes and heterochromia in Siberian Huskies
Consumer genomics enables genetic discovery on an unprecedented scale by linking very large databases of personal genomic data with phenotype information voluntarily submitted via web-based surveys. These databases are having a transformative effect on human genomics research, yielding insights on increasingly complex traits, behaviors, and disease by including many thousands of individuals in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The promise of consumer genomic data is not limited to human research, however. Genomic tools for dogs are readily available, with hundreds of causal Mendelian variants already characterized, because selection and breeding have led to dramatic phenotypic diversity underlain by a simple genetic structure. Here, we report the results of the first consumer genomics study ever conducted in a non-human model: a GWAS of blue eyes based on more than 3,000 customer dogs with validation panels including nearly 3,000 more, the largest canine GWAS to date. We discovered a novel association with blue eyes on chromosome 18 (P = 1.3x10-68) and used both sequence coverage and microarray probe intensity data to identify the putative causal variant: a 98.6-kb duplication directly upstream of the Homeobox gene ALX4, which plays an important role in mammalian eye development. This duplication is largely restricted to Siberian Huskies, is strongly associated with the blue-eyed phenotype (chi-square P = 5.2x10-290), and is highly, but not completely, penetrant. These results underscore the power of consumer-data-driven discovery in non-human species, especially dogs, where there is intense owner interest in the personal genomic information of their pets, a high level of engagement with web-based surveys, and an underlying genetic architecture ideal for mapping studies.
Data from: Generalized movement strategies for constrained consumers: ignoring fitness can be adaptive
Movements made by real organisms---such as movements involved in dispersal, migration, and habitat selection---are expected to be suboptimal occasionally due to realistic constraints imposed by incomplete information, perceptual limitations, and stochasticity. Previous theory considering such constraints has shown that movements appropriately conditioned upon habitat or resource characteristics can balance out suboptimal components of movement and thereby lead organisms to ideal free distributions and fitness maxima, whereas movements conditioned upon fitness differentials cannot. These findings suggest a somewhat paradoxical hypothesis: even if organisms have information about their fitness, movement strategies that maximize fitness may be conditioned upon something other than fitness per se. We test this hypothesis by investigating the evolutionary stability of generalized, conditional movement strategies that vary in their use of information on fitness versus information on habitat characteristics. We show that when costs of sensory machinery are included, natural selection should favor movement strategies that completely ignore fitness information. Finally, we synthesize previous work by showing how several previous important theoretical results on adaptive movement strategies are united under our one general model.
Data from: Consumer-resource interactions and the evolution of migration
Theoretical studies have demonstrated that selection will favor increased migration when fitnesses vary both temporally and spatially, but it is far from clear how pervasive those theoretical conditions are in nature. While consumer-resource interactions are omnipresent in nature and can generate spatial and temporal variation, it is unknown even in theory whether these dynamics favor the evolution of migration. We develop a mathematical model to address whether and how migration evolves when variability in fitness is determined at least in part by consumer-resource coevolutionary interactions. Our analyses show that such interactions can drive the evolution of migration in the resource, consumer, or both species and thus supplies a general explanation for the pervasiveness of migration. Over short time scales, we show the direction of change in migration rate is determined primarily by the state of local adaptation of the species involved: rates increase when a species is locally maladapted and decrease when locally adapted. Our results reveal that long-term evolutionary trends in migration rates can differ dramatically depending on the strength or weakness of interspecific interactions and suggest an explanation for the evolutionary divergence of migration rates among interacting species.
Data from: Simultaneous exposure to a pulsed and a prolonged anthropogenic stressor can alter consumer multifunctionality
Ecosystems face multiple anthropogenic threats globally, and the effects of these environmental stressors range from individual-level organismal responses to altered system functioning. Understanding the combined effects of stressors on process rates mediated by individuals in ecosystems would greatly improve our ability to predict organismal multifunctionality (e.g. multiple consumer-mediated functions). We conducted a laboratory experiment to test direct and indirect, as well as immediate and delayed effects of a heat wave (pulsed stress) and micropollutants (MPs) (prolonged stress) on individual consumers (the great pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis) and their multifunctionality (i.e. consumption of basal resources, growth, reproduction, nutrient excretion and organic-matter cycling). We found that stressful conditions increased the process rates of multiple functions mediated by individual consumers. Specifically, the artificial heat wave increased process rates in the majority of the quantified functions (either directly or indirectly), whereas exposure to MPs increased consumption of basal resources which lead to increases in the release of nutrients and fine particulate organic matter. Moreover, snails exposed to a heat wave showed decreased reproduction and nutrient excretion after the heat-wave, indicating the potential for ecologically relevant delayed effects. Our study indicates that the immediate and delayed effects of stressors on individual organisms may directly and indirectly impact multiple ecosystem functions. In particular, delayed effects of environmental stress on individual consumers may cumulatively impede recovery due to decreased functioning following a perturbation. Reconciling these results with studies incorporating responses at higher levels of biological complexity will enhance our ability to forecast how individual responses upscale to ecosystem multifunctionality.
Data from: Predation risk and resource abundance mediate foraging behaviour and intraspecific resource partitioning among consumers in dominance hierarchies
Dominance hierarchies and the resulting unequal resource partitioning among individuals are key mechanisms of population regulation. The strength of dominance hierarchies can be influenced by size-dependent trade-offs between foraging and predator avoidance whereby competitively inferior subdominants can access a larger proportion of limiting resources by accepting higher predation risk. Foraging-predation risk trade-offs also depend on resource abundance. Yet, few studies have manipulated predation risk and resource abundance simultaneously; consequently, their joint effect on resource partitioning within dominance hierarchies are not well understood. We addressed this gap by measuring behavioural responses of masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae) to experimental manipulations of predation risk and resource abundance in a natural temperate forest stream. Responses to predation risk depended on body size and social status such that larger fish (often social dominants) exhibited more risk-averse behaviour (e.g., lower foraging and appearance rates) than smaller subdominants after exposure to a simulated predator. The magnitude of this effect was lower when resources were elevated, indicating that dominant fish accepted a higher predation risk to forage on abundant resources. However, the influence of resource abundance did not extend to the population level, where predation risk altered the distribution of foraging attempts (a proxy for energy intake) from being skewed towards large individuals to being skewed towards small individuals after predator exposure. Our results imply that size-dependent foraging-predation risk trade-offs can weaken the strength of dominance hierarchies by allowing competitively inferior subdominants to access resources that would otherwise be monopolized.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.