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opennotspecifiedMar 2014View details →

FIGURE 5. Hydrangea steyermarkii. A in First record of the critically endangered Hydrangea steyermarkii Standl. (Hydrangeaceae) in Mexico, and description of a new widespread Hydrangea species of Mesoamerica

FIGURE 5. Hydrangea steyermarkii. A. Habitus of branch with inflorescences. B. Functionally male flower with 8 fertile stamens and 2 reduced pistils. C. Maturing capsule, fertile stigmas still visible, seeds are released through the opening between the 2 pistils. D. Inflorescence branch with inflorescence bud, inflorescence bracts and leaf pair visible. E. Detail of inflorescence branch with stellate indument. Drawn by Ramiro Cruz Durán from the specimen M.S. Samain et al. 2012-078 (MEXU; A, B, D, E), and from the holotype J.A. Steyermark 36044 (F; C).

opennotspecifiedNov 2014View details →

FIGURE 3 in A critically endangered new species of Comanthera from Bahia, Brazil (Paepalanthoideae, Eriocaulaceae)

FIGURE 3. Map showing the occurrence point of Comanthera pignalii, provided by CNCFlora following the standards described in Martinelli & Moraes (2013).

opennotspecifiedNov 2014View details →

FIGURE 2. Comanthera pignalii. A in A critically endangered new species of Comanthera from Bahia, Brazil (Paepalanthoideae, Eriocaulaceae)

FIGURE 2. Comanthera pignalii. A. Rosette of leaves, spathes and base of scapes, showing their whitish appearence due to the white lanose indument. B. Abaxial view ot the capitulum, with evenly cream involucral bracts. C. Young capitulum. D. Capitulum with the first staminate flowers at anthesis. E. Capitulum with developed fruits and dispersing seeds, which are visible amongst the mascescent pistillate flowers. F. Habit and habitat. G. Areia Branca, the white-sand site where C. pignalii occurs, near the town of Jacaraci, and the Serra Geral at the background. (Photos: L. Echternacht)

opennotspecifiedNov 2014View details →

FIGURE 1. Comanthera pignalii. A. Habit. B in A critically endangered new species of Comanthera from Bahia, Brazil (Paepalanthoideae, Eriocaulaceae)

FIGURE 1. Comanthera pignalii. A. Habit. B. Scape and spathe, showing the lanose indument. C. Capitulum with flowers in early anthesis. D. External involucral bract. E. Internal involucral bract. F. Staminate flower. G. Staminate flower without pedicel and sepals. H. Pistillate flower. I. Gynoecium. Scale bar: A, 3 cm; B, D–I, 1 mm; C, 3 mm. (Drawn from the holotype by L. Echternacht)

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Supplemental materials of: Ignored biodiversity in acid soil islands in karst areas, South China: Impatiens longlinensis (Balsaminaceae), a new critically endangered species

The karst area in South China is notable for its fragile vegetation and unique flora with many narrow endemics, and is one of the most threatened biodiversity hotspots in the world. However, the biodiversity of acid soil areas scattered in the karst area have previously been underestimated. With a recent increase of new discoveries of plants and animals, the conservation of biodiversity in these acid soil areas has become urgent. This study deals with a new species, Impatiens longlinensis. The new species is similar to I. yui S.H.Huang and I. lasiophyton Hook.f. in having pubescence, two lateral sepals, funnelform lower sepal, and linear capsule. But it can be distinguished by having orbicular to obovate dorsal sepals and oblong to elliptic lower and upper lobes of lateral united petals. Moreover, molecular data and micro-morphological evidence also support that the species is new to science. The new species is only known from a valley near the summit of Mt. Jinzhongshan within an area of less than 5 km2. Based on the Red List Categories and Criteria developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and the threat posed by exploitation for tourism development, we categorize it as Critically Endangered (CR).

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Poor quality monitoring data underestimate the impact of Australia's megafires on a critically endangered songbird

Aim: Catastrophic events such as south-eastern Australia's 2019/20 megafires are predicted to increase in frequency and severity under climate change. Rapid, well-informed conservation prioritisation will become increasingly crucial for minimising biodiversity losses resulting from megafires. However, such assessments are susceptible to bias, because the quality of monitoring data underpinning knowledge of species' distributions is highly variable and they fail to account for differences in life-history traits such as aggregative breeding. We aimed to assess how impact estimates of the 2019/20 megafires on the critically endangered regent honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia varied according to the quality of available input data and assessment methodology. Innovation: Using Google Earth Engine Burnt Area Mapping, we estimated the impact of the megafires on the regent honeyeater using six monitoring datasets that differ in quality and temporal span. These datasets are representative of the variable quality of monitoring data available for assessing fire impact on 326 other threatened species; most are poorly monitored and few have standardised, species-specific monitoring programs. We found that assessments based on Area of Occupancy (AOO), Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and public sightings underestimated the fire impact relative to recent, targeted monitoring datasets; a MaxEnt model, sightings from a national monitoring program and nest locations since 2015. Using an impact threshold of 30% of habitat burned, regent honeyeaters would not meet this criteria using estimates derived from EOO, AOO or public sightings, but would exceed the cut-off based on estimates derived from the targeted monitoring data that account for population density. Main conclusions: To ensure that conservation prioritisation has the greatest capacity to minimise biodiversity losses, we highlight the need to improve targeted, threatened species monitoring. We demonstrate the importance of using recent, standardised monitoring data to estimate accurately the impact of major ecological disturbances, particularly for declining, nomadic species undergoing range contractions.

opennotspecifiedApr 2010View details →

Figure 2 in Prey selection by the critically endangered Asiatic cheetah in central Iran

Figure 2. Proportion of cheetah primary prey species in its diet and in the study area. Number of prey as cheetah kills by species: wild sheep = 18; Persian ibex = 10; Jebeer gazelle = 3. Number of ungulates available as prey by species: wild sheep = 258; Persian ibex = 248; Jebeer gazelle = 34.

opennotspecifiedApr 2010View details →

Figure 3 in Prey selection by the critically endangered Asiatic cheetah in central Iran

Figure 3. Jacobs selectivity index for (A) the cheetahs' two mountain preys and (B) all three preys in Dare-Anjir Wildlife Refuge. SM, male wild sheep; SF, female wild sheep; IM, male ibex; IF, female ibex; JM, male Jebeer; JF, female Jebeer.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Protected by dragons: density surface modeling confirms large population of the critically endangered Yellow-crested Cockatoo on Komodo island

Intense trapping of the critically endangered Yellow-crested Cockatoo Cacatua sulphurea for the International pet trade has devastated its populations across Indonesia such that populations >100 individuals remain at only a handful of sites. We combined distance sampling with density surface modeling (DSM) to predict local densities and estimate total population size for one of these areas, Komodo Island, part of Komodo National Park (KNP) in Indonesia. We modeled local density based on topography (topographic wetness index) and habitat types (percentage of palm savanna and deciduous monsoon forest). Our population estimate of 1,113 (95% CI: 587–2,109) individuals on Komodo Island was considerably larger than previous conservative estimates. Our density surface maps showed cockatoos to be absent over much of the island, but present at high densities in wooded valleys. Coincidence between our DSM and a set of independent cockatoo observations was high (93%). Standardized annual counts by KNP staff in selected areas of the island showed increases in cockatoo records from <400 in 2011 to ~650 in 2017. Taken together, our results indicate that KNP, alongside and indeed because of preserving its iconic Komodo Dragons Varanus komodoensis, is succeeding in protecting a significant population of Indonesia's rarest cockatoo species. To our knowledge this is the first time DSM has been applied to a Critically Endangered species. Our findings highlight the potential of DSM for locating abundance hotspots, identifying habitat associations, and estimating global population size in a range of threatened taxa, especially if independent datasets can be used to validate model predictions.

Figure 4. The largetooth sawfish Pristis pristis. A in Species delineation and global population structure of Critically Endangered sawfishes (Pristidae)

Figure 4. The largetooth sawfish Pristis pristis. A, dorsal view of specimen from north-western Australia (photo: W. White); B, line drawing from FAO Species Catalogues.

Figure 1. Measurements adopted for Pristidae. A in Species delineation and global population structure of Critically Endangered sawfishes (Pristidae)

Figure 1. Measurements adopted for Pristidae. A, dorsal view: (1) total length; distance from rostrum tip to (2) eye, (3) spiracle, (4) pectoral fin insertion, (5) pelvic fin insertion, (6) first dorsal fin origin, (7) second dorsal fin origin, and (8) upper caudal fin origin; distance between bases, (15) interdorsal; distance between inner corners, (19) eyes, (20) spiracles, (106) eye length, and (107) spiracle length; rostrum measurements, (54) total length, (55) standard length, (57) rostrum width anterior, (61) rostrum width posterior, (62) interlateral rostral tooth anterior, and (67) interlateral rostral tooth posterior. B, ventral view, distance from rostrum tip to: (9) outer nostril, (10) mouth, (11) first gill, (12) third gill, and (13) posterior cloaca; distance between inner corners, (21) nostrils; pectoral fin lengths, (33) anterior margin, (34) posterior margin, (35) inner margin, and (36) base; other measurements, (28) mouth width, (30) nostril length, (32) clasper outer length. C, lateral view, first dorsal fin lengths: (41) anterior margin, (42) posterior margin, (43) height, (44) inner margin, and (45) base; second dorsal fin lengths: (46) anterior margin, (47) posterior margin, (48) height, (49) inner margin, and (50) base; caudal fin lengths, (51) upper lobe, (52) posterior margin, and (53) lower lobe. Drawings from Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Species Catalogues.

Figure 3 in Species delineation and global population structure of Critically Endangered sawfishes (Pristidae)

Figure 3. Majority-rule consensus tree of 10 000 bootstrap pseudoreplicates constructed using maximum parsimony based on 480-bp sequences of the mitochondrial DNA gene NADH-2 of sawfish specimens sampled along the geographical range of the group. Clades with high bootstrap support are coloured with geographical origin noted. Outgroup species included in the analyses were Aetobatus narinari, Raja rhina, Dasyatis annotata, and Rhizoprionodon porosus (available from G. Naylor's database).

Figure 2 in Species delineation and global population structure of Critically Endangered sawfishes (Pristidae)

Figure 2. Plot of Pristis spp. individuals projected onto the first two canonical factors for visualization of the ordering of the taxa in the multivariate space based on body morphometrics and number of rostral teeth. Pristis pristis group dots are coloured by ocean basin: Atlantic in red, Indo-West Pacific in orange, and Eastern Pacific in black; other Pristis species are coloured as follows: Pristis zijsron in blue, Pristis pectinata in green, and Pristis clavata in grey.

opennotspecifiedApr 2021View details →

FIGURE 1 in Rediscovering Rhipsalis hoelleri (Cactaceae), a Critically Endangered species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest

FIGURE 1. Rhipsalis hoelleri: A) subacrotonic to acrotonic branching, B) flowers in lateral and C) upper views, D–F) fruits at different maturation stages. (pictures by W.C. Cardoso).

opennotspecifiedSep 2021View details →

FIGURE 5. A in Campanula oreodoxa (Campanulaceae), a new critically endangered species from the Aladagh Mountains, NE Iran

FIGURE 5. A. Geographical position of the study area in northeastern Iran. B. Distribution map of the Campanula oreodoxa in the western Aladagh Mountains. C. Location of the populations of C. oreodoxa and the estimation of EOO and AOO in geoCAT based on IUCN Red List criteria.

opennotspecifiedSep 2021View details →

FIGURE 2 in Campanula oreodoxa (Campanulaceae), a new critically endangered species from the Aladagh Mountains, NE Iran

FIGURE 2. Campanula oreodoxa in its natural habitat. A. habitats dominated by Cousina edmondsonii and other cushion plants; B. plant in the flowering stage; C–D. close-up view of the flowers, E. plant in the fruiting stage with Cousina edmondsonii in background; F. the fruiting stage showing the dehiscence of the capsule by basal pores.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Consistent concentrations of critically endangered Balearic shearwaters in UK waters revealed by at-sea surveys

Aim: Europe's only globally critically endangered seabird, the Balearic shearwater (Puffinus mauretanicus), is thought to have expanded its post-breeding range northwards into UK waters, though its distribution there is not yet well understood. This study aims to identify environmental factors associated with the species' presence, and map the probability of presence of the species across the western English Channel and southern Celtic Sea, and estimate the number of individuals in this area. Location: The western English Channel and southern Celtic Sea Methods: This study analyses strip transect data collected from vessel-based surveys in the western English Channel and southern Celtic Sea during the shearwater's post-breeding period between 2013 and 2017. Using environmental data collected directly and from remote sensors both Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) and the Random Forest (RF) machine learning model were used to determine shearwater presence at different locations. Results: Both models indicated that oceanographic features were better predictors of shearwater presence than fish abundance. Seafloor aspect, sea surface temperature, depth, salinity, and maximum current speed were the most important predictors. Based on the timing of the surveys (mainly in October) it is probable that most of the sighted shearwaters were immatures. Main conclusions: Areas with consistently high probabilities of shearwater presence were identified at the Celtic Sea front. Our estimates suggest that the study area in southwest Britain supports between 2% and 23% of the global population of Balearic shearwaters. This study provides the most complete understanding of Balearic shearwater distribution in UK waters available to date, information that will help inform any future UK conservation actions concerning this endangered species.

opennotspecifiedDec 2011View details →

FIGURE 5 in Description of a new and critically endangered species of Atheris (Serpentes: Viperidae) from the Southern Highlands of Tanzania, with an overview of the country's tree viper fauna

FIGURE 5. Map of the Atheris species occurring in Tanzania (the occurrence of A. nitschei within Tanzania borders still need confirmation).

opennotspecifiedDec 2011View details →

FIGURE 1 in Description of a new and critically endangered species of Atheris (Serpentes: Viperidae) from the Southern Highlands of Tanzania, with an overview of the country's tree viper fauna

FIGURE 1. Comparison of general shape, size and body proportion between A. matildae holotype (left) and a fully grown specimen of A. ceratophora from Udzungwa (MTSN 7506, SVL=54.2) (right) and an illustration of lateral head scalation.